Ninth FII Conference Launches Economy of the Future from Riyadh

People are seen at last year's edition of the conference. (AFP)
People are seen at last year's edition of the conference. (AFP)
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Ninth FII Conference Launches Economy of the Future from Riyadh

People are seen at last year's edition of the conference. (AFP)
People are seen at last year's edition of the conference. (AFP)

Under the patronage of Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, the ninth edition of the Future Investment Initiative (FII) Conference opened on Monday at the King Abdulaziz International Conference Center in Riyadh under the theme “The Key to Prosperity”.  

The event began with closed sessions where experts exchanged ideas and experiences. Discussions focused on various topics including the role of carbon accounting innovation in measuring corporate climate performance, the potential of cryptocurrency infrastructure to redefine the global financial system, quantum computing and its capacity to generate returns, and strategies for investing in future leadership.  

From October 28 to 30, the conference will host a wide range of sessions covering pressing issues such as the impact of AI and robotics on productivity, wealth creation amid growing inequality, the geoeconomic implications of resource scarcity, demographic shifts shaping the future workforce, and strategies for balancing economic growth with environmental sustainability.  

Heads of state, sovereign wealth fund representatives, senior executives, and pioneers from technology, energy, healthcare, climate, finance, and culture will engage in high-level discussions aimed at shaping the future of global growth, investment, and human progress.  

The conference is expected to draw over 8,000 participants and feature 650 prominent speakers across 250 dialogue sessions, reinforcing Riyadh’s role as a leading global hub that brings together leaders and innovators to turn visionary ideas into actionable strategies that define the future of investment. 

Action over rhetoric 

Edward Mermelstein, former New York City Commissioner for International Affairs, told Asharq Al-Awsat that FII “is far more than a traditional conference. It is where global capital, innovation, and policy intersect. Its distinction lies in action over rhetoric.” 

“FII brings together sovereign funds, global CEOs, and policymakers who are focused on execution, building partnerships that move markets and create opportunity across regions,” he stressed. 

“What makes it truly unique is Saudi Arabia’s role as a convener,” he explained. “Under Vision 2030, the Kingdom has positioned Riyadh as the hub where developed and emerging economies connect. FII reflects that ambition, advancing discussions on sustainable development, AI integration, and frontier market investment that will define the global economy for decades to come.” 

He continued: “I have followed the Initiative’s remarkable evolution and would be honored to contribute in future editions. My work remains closely aligned with its mission of mobilizing global investment toward emerging markets and reconstruction efforts.” 

“As New York City’s Commissioner for International Affairs from 2022 to 2025, I had the honor of strengthening the city’s global relationships and advancing foreign investment, technology, and sustainability initiatives,” Mermelstein said. “In that capacity, I visited the Kingdom many times and witnessed firsthand its remarkable transformation and openness to partnership. Today, through Atlantic Bridge Capital, I am focused on mobilizing institutional investment into emerging and frontier markets, with a particular emphasis on reconstruction, resilience, and technology-driven growth.” 

“Most recently, at the Kyiv International Economic Forum, I focused on how international partnerships and private capital can help rebuild post-conflict economies. I believe similar frameworks can extend to regions across Africa, Asia, and the Middle East, where Saudi leadership and capital play a defining role in shaping sustainable growth,” he added. 

On the Saudi investment environment and its advantages, Mermelstein stated: “Saudi Arabia has established itself as the standard-bearer for emerging market transformation. Vision 2030 has produced a stable, investor-friendly environment supported by strong governance, modern regulation, and clear long-term strategy. The Kingdom’s ability to mobilize capital through the Public Investment Fund and its growing private sector makes it a global magnet for innovation and investment.” 

“From my own engagements with Saudi leaders and institutions, I have seen firsthand the depth of ambition and professionalism driving this transformation. Beyond diversifying its own economy, the Kingdom is exporting a model of success that merges strategic planning, technological advancement, and inclusive development,” he told Asharq Al-Awsat. 

“Saudi Arabia today stands as the shining example of how visionary leadership and disciplined execution can redefine what is possible for emerging markets around the world.” 

What makes FII unique 

Sem M. Köksal, Co-founder and Chief Executive Officer, GSL Holding GmbH, told Asharq Al-Awsat that “FII feels like coming home. I've been to many conferences around the world. But FII is different. Here, things actually happen.” 

He said three things make FII special. “First – the speed. In other places, you discuss ideas for months, maybe years. Here in Riyadh? Three days and it's done. That is what Vision 2030 means in practice – when this nation decides to do something, it gets done.” 

“Second – real partnership,” he said. “I work with Sheikh Abdullah bin Zaid Al-Meleihi, Chairman of Al-Ramez International Group and Saudi Excellence Holding. He is a visionary who understood where technology was heading long before others did.” The partnerships have bolstered work in future technologies and opened doors for communication between Europe and the Kingdom. 

“Third – access to decision-makers. At FII, you sit with ministers and the people who actually make decisions. I want to especially thank the Ministry of Investment for their incredible support. They are problem-solvers,” Köksal said. 

“FII is not just another conference. It is where the future gets made,” he remarked. 

Asked about his participation at FII9, Köksal said: “I bring German engineering excellence and connections to world-leading companies across critical infrastructure. Whether it's Bosch in hydrogen technology – we were together in NEOM, meeting with the Ministry of Investment and PIF – or Lyten in advanced battery systems, or working with one of the largest US infrastructure funds in the data center space.” 

“My focus spans the full spectrum: data centers, complete security solutions, not just cyber but real defense hardware and integrated systems and next-generation energy technology. I work exclusively with global leaders in their fields,” he stressed. 

Moreover, he revealed that he will be signing agreements covering three main areas: “Data centers for the AI revolution: Saudi Arabia is building NEOM, The Line – incredible projects that need secure, sovereign data infrastructure.” 

“I am working with one of the largest US infrastructure funds in this space, and together with Saudi Excellence, we have concrete plans for Saudi Arabia,” he said. “I can't go into details yet, but it's about knowledge transfer, local manufacturing, and real technological sovereignty. We don't just sell technology – we transfer it. That is what Saudi Arabia wants and deserves. True sovereignty, not just buying from abroad.” 

The second area is advanced battery and energy technology. “I am advisor to Lyten – the absolute world leader in lithium-sulfur battery technology from Silicon Valley. Dan Cook, the founder and CEO, is a true visionary. He has built something revolutionary. I have the advisory mandate for Europe, but I am already developing concepts for Saudi Arabia.” 

This matters because “energy storage is the new oil,” Köksal explained. “It's about sovereignty, about powering data centers and about critical infrastructure. AI data centers need massive power and backup. Critical infrastructure needs reliable energy storage. This isn't just business, it's strategic.” 

“Energy independence is national security. Saudi Arabia has always understood energy better than anyone. Now it's about the next generation of energy technology. And Lyten is leading that revolution globally,” he stressed. 

The third area is defense and critical infrastructure: Beyond cybersecurity. “We are talking complete security solutions. Hardware, defense systems, integrated infrastructure protection. Working with leading European and international partners to develop sovereign capabilities. Sensitive, but crucial for independence. Saudi Arabia is the best place in the world for technology companies right now.” 

Furthermore, he described Riyadh as strategic. “The Public Investment Fund, private investors – everyone's investing in the future. If you have a good plan and the right partners, you find capital that wants to grow with you, not just make a quick return. The location is perfect. From Riyadh, you reach Europe in five hours, Asia in six, Africa in four.” 

“Saudi Arabia is the new center. Infrastructure of the future. NEOM is being built right now. The Line is becoming real. These are testbeds for tomorrow's technology,” Köksal added. 

Major deals, solutions to global challenges 

Abdullah bin Zaid Al-Mullahi, Chairman of the Saudi Excellence Holding Company, told Asharq Al-Awsat that the launch of FII9 has positioned the Kingdom among the world's leading countries. “This conference is a cornerstone of the Crown Prince's Vision 2030, which all Saudis are working to achieve,” he remarked. 

“The Kingdom's support for artificial intelligence projects has been extensive in this field. Major deals and a significant global presence are expected from all over the world. The education and artificial intelligence sectors are a key part of the conference discussion panels,” he noted. 

“The launch of the initiative in 2017 marks the Kingdom's entry as one of the world's sponsors of global investment conferences. It is working to unify efforts and invest in finding solutions to global challenges that contribute to a positive impact on humanity,” he added. 



Oil Drops 1% as US, Iran Pledge to Continue Talks

The sun rises behind the Tishrin oil field in the eastern Hasakah countryside, northeastern Syria (AP)
The sun rises behind the Tishrin oil field in the eastern Hasakah countryside, northeastern Syria (AP)
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Oil Drops 1% as US, Iran Pledge to Continue Talks

The sun rises behind the Tishrin oil field in the eastern Hasakah countryside, northeastern Syria (AP)
The sun rises behind the Tishrin oil field in the eastern Hasakah countryside, northeastern Syria (AP)

Oil prices fell 1% on Monday as immediate fears of a conflict in the Middle East eased after the US and Iran pledged to continue talks about Tehran's nuclear program over the weekend, calming investors anxious about supply disruptions.

Brent crude futures fell 67 cents, or 1%, to $67.38 a barrel on Monday by 0444 GMT, while US West Texas Intermediate crude was at $62.94 a barrel, down 61 cents, or 1%.

"With more talks on the horizon the immediate ‌fear of supply disruptions ‌in the Middle East has eased ‌quite ⁠a bit," IG ‌market analyst Tony Sycamore said.

Iran and the US pledged to continue the indirect nuclear talks following what both sides described as positive discussions on Friday in Oman despite differences. That allayed fears that failure to reach a deal might nudge the Middle East closer to war, as the US has positioned more military forces in the area.

Investors are also worried about possible disruptions to supply ⁠from Iran and other regional producers as exports equal to about a fifth of the world's ‌total oil consumption pass through the Strait of ‍Hormuz between Oman and Iran.

Both ‍benchmarks fell more than 2% last week on the easing tensions, their ‍first decline in seven weeks.

However, Iran's foreign minister said on Saturday Tehran will strike US bases in the Middle East if it is attacked by US forces, showing the threat of conflict is still alive.

"Volatility remains elevated as conflicting rhetoric persists. Any negative headlines could quickly reignite risk premiums in oil prices this week," said Priyanka Sachdeva, senior market analyst at ⁠Phillip Nova.

Investors are also continuing to grapple with efforts to curb Russian income from its oil exports for its war in Ukraine. The European Commission on Friday proposed a sweeping ban on any services that support Russia's seaborne crude oil exports.

Refiners in India, once the biggest buyer of Russia's seaborne crude, are avoiding purchases for delivery in April and are expected to stay away from such trades for longer, refining and trade sources said, which could help New Delhi seal a trade pact with Washington.

"Oil markets will remain sensitive to how broadly this pivot away from Russian crude unfolds, whether ‌India’s reduced purchases persist beyond April, and how quickly alternative flows can be brought online," Sachdeva said.


Indian Refiners Avoid Russian Oil in Push for US Trade Deal

An employee walks inside the premises of an oil refinery of Essar Oil in Vadinar in the western state of Gujarat, India, October 4, 2016. REUTERS/Amit Dave/File Photo
An employee walks inside the premises of an oil refinery of Essar Oil in Vadinar in the western state of Gujarat, India, October 4, 2016. REUTERS/Amit Dave/File Photo
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Indian Refiners Avoid Russian Oil in Push for US Trade Deal

An employee walks inside the premises of an oil refinery of Essar Oil in Vadinar in the western state of Gujarat, India, October 4, 2016. REUTERS/Amit Dave/File Photo
An employee walks inside the premises of an oil refinery of Essar Oil in Vadinar in the western state of Gujarat, India, October 4, 2016. REUTERS/Amit Dave/File Photo

Indian refiners are avoiding Russian oil purchases for delivery in April and are expected to stay away from such trades for longer, refining and trade sources said, a move that could help New Delhi seal a trade pact with Washington, according to Reuters.

The US and India moved closer to a trade pact on Friday, announcing a framework for a deal they hope to conclude by March that would lower tariffs and deepen economic cooperation.

Indian Oil, Bharat Petroleum and Reliance Industries are not accepting offers from traders for Russian oil loading in March and April, said a trader who approached the refiners.

These refiners, however, had already scheduled some deliveries of Russian oil in March, refining sources said. Most other refiners have stopped buying Russian crude.

A foreign ministry spokesperson said: “Diversifying our energy sourcing in keeping with objective market conditions and evolving international dynamics is at the core of our strategy” to ensure energy security for the world's most-populous nation.

Although a US-India statement on the trade framework did not mention Russian oil, President Donald Trump rescinded his 25% tariffs on Indian goods, imposed over Russian oil purchases, because, he said, New Delhi had “committed to stop directly or indirectly” importing Russian oil.

New Delhi has not announced plans to halt Russian oil imports.

India became the top buyer of discounted Russian seaborne crude after Russia invaded Ukraine in 2022, spurring a backlash from Western nations that had targeted Russia's energy sector with sanctions aimed at curtailing Moscow's revenue and making it harder to fund the war.

One regular Indian buyer is Russia-backed private refiner Nayara, which relies solely on Russian oil for its 400,000-barrel-per-day refinery. Sources said Nayara may be allowed to keep buying Russian oil because other crude sellers pulled back after the European Union sanctioned the refiner in July.

Nayara also does not plan to import Russian crude in April due to a month-long refinery maintenance shutdown, a source familiar with its operations said.

Nayara did not respond to an email seeking comment.

Indian refiners may change their plan and place orders for Russian oil only if advised by the government, sources said.

Trump's order said US officials would monitor and recommend reinstating the tariffs if India resumed oil procurement from Russia.

Sources said last month that India was preparing to cut Russian oil imports below 1 million bpd by March, with volumes eventually falling to 500,000–600,000 bpd, compared with an average 1.7 million bpd last year. India's Russian oil imports topped 2 million bpd in mid-2025.

The intake of Russian oil by India, the world's third-biggest oil consumer and importer, declined to its lowest level in two years in December, data from trade and industry sources show.

 


IMF and Arab Monetary Fund Sign MoU to Enhance Cooperation

The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA
The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA
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IMF and Arab Monetary Fund Sign MoU to Enhance Cooperation

The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA
The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Arab Monetary Fund (AMF) signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) on the sidelines of the AlUla Conference on Emerging Market Economies (EME) to enhance cooperation between the two institutions.

The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki, SPA reported.

The agreement aims to strengthen coordination in economic and financial policy areas, including surveillance and lending activities, data and analytical exchange, capacity building, and the provision of technical assistance, in support of regional financial and economic stability.

Both sides affirmed that the MoU represents an important step toward deepening their strategic partnership and strengthening the regional financial safety net, serving member countries and enhancing their ability to address economic challenges.