EDB Tells Asharq Al-Awsat it Aims to ‘Promote the Gulf-Eurasia Investment Corridor’

Nikolai Podguzov met with Saudi Deputy Minister of Finance for International Relations Khalid Bawazier on the sidelines of FII held in Riyadh. Photo: Podguzov’s LinkedIn account
Nikolai Podguzov met with Saudi Deputy Minister of Finance for International Relations Khalid Bawazier on the sidelines of FII held in Riyadh. Photo: Podguzov’s LinkedIn account
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EDB Tells Asharq Al-Awsat it Aims to ‘Promote the Gulf-Eurasia Investment Corridor’

Nikolai Podguzov met with Saudi Deputy Minister of Finance for International Relations Khalid Bawazier on the sidelines of FII held in Riyadh. Photo: Podguzov’s LinkedIn account
Nikolai Podguzov met with Saudi Deputy Minister of Finance for International Relations Khalid Bawazier on the sidelines of FII held in Riyadh. Photo: Podguzov’s LinkedIn account

Chairman of the Management Board of the Eurasian Development Bank (EDB) Nikolai Podguzov has said that the bank aims to build partnerships, deploy its structuring expertise, and promote the Gulf–Eurasia investment corridor.

In remarks to Asharq Al-Awsat, Podguzov said EDB is participating in the Future Investment Initiative (FII) in Riyadh as part of its strategic effort to deepen engagement with the Gulf region and explore cooperative investment and project financing opportunities beyond its traditional member states.

“At FII, the Bank aims to build partnerships, deploy its structuring expertise, and promote the Gulf–Eurasia investment corridor,” he said.

The Bank offers Gulf partners access to investment opportunities in green energy, transport infrastructure, logistics, and industry - sectors crucial for sustainable growth across Central Asia.

“We can offer our potential Gulf partners access to investment opportunities in Central Asia’s green energy, transport infrastructure, and logistics sectors. We are fully committed to championing Islamic finance across Central Asia and beyond. This aligns with our strategic goals for long-term regional development,” he said.

Cooperation opportunities with Saudi Arabia
Asked about the opportunities for financial and banking cooperation between the Eurasian Development Bank and Saudi banks, Podguzov said: “The Bank's extensive experience as an issuer of debt instruments (including ESG bonds) in local and international capital markets in various currencies creates the foundation for joint collaboration and partnership with Saudi Arabian financial institutions, including through the local financial market infrastructure, where the Saudi exchange Tadawul is a key participant. We also see potential for developing mutually beneficial cooperation with the Public Investment Fund (PIF), the Saudi Fund for Development, and national development banks, including Saudi Exim.”

“In addition, we identify significant potential for cooperation in the area of trade finance and export support programs. This includes the development of joint instruments such as letters of credit and guarantees to facilitate trade between the member countries of the Eurasian Development Bank and the Kingdom.”

Challenges
On the challenges facing banking and financial growth globally, Podguzov said: “There are quite a few of them. Elevated risks – lessons from the Global Financial Crisis are partially forgotten. Rising sovereign debt. Challenges related to the efficient implementation of digital solutions. Emergence of new alternative forms and sources of credit, which have yet to prove their resilience. Limited availability of longer-term and cheaper financing for developing countries and sustainable development.”

“Since I am a development banker, let me say a few things about the availability of financing for development. If we talk about private capital, what private capital wants is a good risk-return ratio. Development projects usually carry low margins. If margins will be higher, and risks lower, then private capital will be available. So the tasks are to better structure projects so that margins are sustained and risks are contained.”

Talking about development financial institutions, they are mission-driven banks, Podguzov told Asharq Al-Awsat.

“They are a right source of capital to fund the SDGs. But they face issues with their capital and efficiency of operations. For example, annual volumes of financing by multilateral development banks (MDBs) stay at $180 billion.”

“Over the past 25 years, the value of MDB assets relative to global GDP has actually fallen from 1.9% to 1.7%. That means that the MDB role in the global economy has in fact shrunk in real terms,” he added.

MDBs should invest more through better project expertise, more local knowledge and presence, and finally more capital, he stated.

Non-sovereign financing

The EDB is a leading institution in non-sovereign financing across Eurasia and Central Asia. It focuses on mobilizing external funds for large-scale private sector and public–private partnership (PPP) projects that drive sustainable economic growth and regional integration, Podguzov said.

“Our team has extensive experience in investing in transport infrastructure, industrial modernization projects aimed at improving environmental performance and efficiency, the construction of renewable energy facilities, and the development of energy initiatives. All projects are selected in line with international ESG principles, ensuring both financial returns and a positive social and environmental impact.”

Islamic financing
“We are also working to develop Islamic finance across Central Asia and aim to serve as a key regional platform for its growth. In late 2024, the EDB joined the Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB) as an Associate Member and, in early 2025, became a member of the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI). These memberships reinforce our commitment to high supervisory standards and global best practices,” he said.

As part of this initiative, the EDB is exploring the potential issuance of sukuk to finance strategic projects and expand sustainable financing tools.

“Our team is also undertaking economic studies that are relevant to Central Asia. Together with the Islamic Development Bank and the London Stock Exchange Group (LSEG), we recently published a study on Islamic finance in Central Asia. The region currently hosts 18 Islamic banks and 14 non-bank financial institutions, as well as takaful, ijara, and Islamic fintech operators.”

However, the Islamic capital market, particularly sukuk, is developing at a slower pace. According to the report, Islamic banking assets in the region are projected to grow to $2.5 billion by 2028 and $6.3 billion by 2033, while the sukuk market is expected to reach $2.05 billion by 2028 and $5.6 billion by 2033, led by Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.

Direct investments
In October, the EDB releases its first macroeconomic study of the Gulf countries, analyzing the period 2020–2024. Over the past five years, mutual trade between Central Asia and the Gulf states has increased 4.2 times, reaching $3.3 billion, while accumulated direct investments have risen 1.8 times to $16.2 billion, Podguzov said.

The potential for additional trade between the regions is estimated at $4.9 billion, equivalent to 150% of the current level.

In a recent milestone, the EDB became the first development institution to issue dirham-denominated bonds in Kazakhstan, diversifying its investor base, creating a pricing benchmark for future issuers, and further strengthening financial ties between the Gulf Cooperation Council and Eurasia, he added.



Saudi Economy Records Strongest Growth in Two Years in 2025

The Saudi capital, Riyadh (Reuters) 
The Saudi capital, Riyadh (Reuters) 
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Saudi Economy Records Strongest Growth in Two Years in 2025

The Saudi capital, Riyadh (Reuters) 
The Saudi capital, Riyadh (Reuters) 

Saudi Arabia’s economy posted its strongest growth in two years in 2025, expanding by 4.5 percent, supported by gains across all major economic sectors and a robust performance in the final quarter of the year.

According to estimates released by the General Authority for Statistics (GASTAT), real gross domestic product (GDP) grew 4.5 percent in 2025 compared with 2024, driven by growth in oil and non-oil and government activities.

Oil-related activities rose 5.7 percent, while non-oil sectors expanded by 4.9 percent. Government activities recorded more modest growth of 0.9 percent.

Data showed that non-oil sectors were the main contributor to overall GDP growth in 2025, adding 2.8 percentage points to the annual expansion. Oil activities contributed 1.4 percentage points, while government activities and net taxes on products added 0.1 and 0.2 percentage points, respectively.

Sector performance

All major economic sectors recorded positive growth during the year.

Wholesale and retail trade, restaurants and hotels led sectoral growth, expanding 6.2 percent. Financial, insurance and business services followed with 6.1 percent, while electricity, gas and water activities grew 6 percent.

Crude oil and natural gas activities increased 5.8 percent, and oil refining rose 5.7 percent.

Spending components

On the expenditure side, private final consumption grew 3.5 percent in 2025. However, government final consumption spending declined 3.5 percent, while gross fixed capital formation fell 1.7 percent.

In external trade, exports of goods and services rose 8.9 percent, while imports increased 4.7 percent during the year. According to the data, Saudi Arabia’s GDP at current prices reached 4.789 trillion riyals in 2025.

Crude oil and natural gas activities accounted for the largest share of economic output at 17.1 percent, followed by government activities at 14 percent and wholesale and retail trade, restaurants and hotels at 12.3 percent.

Manufacturing industries (excluding oil refining) contributed 11.1 percent to GDP, followed by construction at 8 percent, and financial, insurance and business services at 7 percent.

Fourth-quarter performance

Quarterly data showed that real GDP grew 5 percent in the fourth quarter of 2025 compared with the same period a year earlier. Seasonally adjusted GDP rose 1.4 percent compared with the third quarter of 2025.

During the fourth quarter, oil activities grew 10.8 percent year-on-year and 1.8 percent quarter-on-quarter. Non-oil activities expanded 4.3 percent annually and 1.7 percent quarterly. Government activities, however, declined 1.2 percent year-on-year and 0.2 percent quarter-on-quarter.

Crude oil and natural gas activities recorded the highest annual growth in the fourth quarter at 12.4 percent, followed by wholesale and retail trade, restaurants and hotels with 5.4 percent growth.

On the expenditure side in the fourth quarter, private final consumption rose 3.6 percent year-on-year, while gross fixed capital formation declined 3.1 percent annually, though it increased 1.8 percent compared with the previous quarter.

Government final consumption spending fell 8.5 percent year-on-year and 3.2 percent quarter-on-quarter. Meanwhile, exports rose 12.8 percent annually, while imports increased 1 percent year-on-year and 2.4 percent compared with the third quarter.


Aramco Bolsters Global Oil Market Stability Amid Rising Regional Tensions

Aramco's oil field in the Empty Quarter, Shaybah, Saudi Arabia, January 12, 2024. (Reuters)
Aramco's oil field in the Empty Quarter, Shaybah, Saudi Arabia, January 12, 2024. (Reuters)
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Aramco Bolsters Global Oil Market Stability Amid Rising Regional Tensions

Aramco's oil field in the Empty Quarter, Shaybah, Saudi Arabia, January 12, 2024. (Reuters)
Aramco's oil field in the Empty Quarter, Shaybah, Saudi Arabia, January 12, 2024. (Reuters)

Amid growing logistical challenges facing the energy sector, operational moves by Saudi Aramco are emerging as a stabilizing factor in global oil supply. The company has offered additional crude shipments on the spot market, a step analysts see as aimed at absorbing supply shocks and ensuring the continued flow of oil through key energy corridors.

The move aligns with Saudi Arabia’s long-standing role as a leading global producer and is intended to limit price volatility and maintain balance between supply and demand at a time of heightened geopolitical uncertainty.

Reuters reported that Aramco has offered more than 4 million barrels of Saudi crude through rare spot tenders, as tensions between the United States and Iran disrupt Middle Eastern exports.

Mohammad Al-Sabban, former senior adviser to the Saudi energy minister, said the current surge in oil prices does not necessarily reflect an immediate shortage of supply. Instead, it is largely driven by what energy markets call a “geopolitical risk premium.”

Speaking to Asharq Al-Awsat, Al-Sabban said prices remaining above $100 per barrel reflect global anxiety that the conflict could expand and threaten future supply security.

He noted that higher prices, while boosting short-term revenues and fiscal surpluses for oil-exporting countries, also bring hidden costs. These include increased spending on security measures to protect oil infrastructure — costs that rise in a volatile regional environment where Gulf states face mounting security pressures.

Al-Sabban also pointed out that spot market sales are currently generating greater returns than long-term futures contracts. The uncertainty surrounding the conflict has led buyers to pay premiums for immediate deliveries, making spot transactions more attractive during the current crisis.

Strategic chokepoint

Shipping through the Strait of Hormuz, which carries roughly 20 percent of global oil supply, remains central to the crisis.

Al-Sabban warned that even a temporary closure of the waterway would inevitably reduce available supplies, potentially triggering panic in markets and forcing countries to draw from strategic reserves.

He recalled historical precedents, noting that during the Iran-Iraq war, energy markets became a hub for speculation, with negative economic consequences emerging later.

Asked whether the conflict represents a short-term economic opportunity or a broader risk for regional economies, Al-Sabban said the reality is a mix of both. High prices may offer temporary gains as long as oil remains above $100 a barrel, but a prolonged conflict could ultimately impose heavier economic burdens through rising logistical and security costs.

Flexible response

Financial and economic adviser Hussein Al-Attas said Aramco’s decision to release additional cargoes on the spot market reflects significant flexibility in managing supply and responding quickly to market shifts amid rising demand and concerns about potential shortages.

He told Asharq Al-Awsat that the move sends an important signal to global markets that Saudi Arabia continues to play the role of a swing producer, capable of intervening to maintain market balance and ease fears about supply security.

Al-Attas added that the recent surge in oil prices is largely tied to geopolitical tensions in a region that represents the heart of global energy supply.

While Brent crude could remain above $100 in the short term if supply concerns persist, he noted that history shows price spikes driven by political tensions are often temporary unless they lead to a prolonged disruption in supply.

Higher oil prices naturally increase revenues for exporting countries, potentially strengthening fiscal balances and enabling governments to finance spending and development projects, Al-Attas remarked.

Gulf states, particularly Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, may therefore benefit financially in the short term.

However, he cautioned that such gains are usually temporary rather than structural. Prolonged high energy prices can slow global economic growth by fueling inflation, which may eventually reduce demand for oil. As a result, the current price surge may represent a temporary financial opportunity rather than a lasting shift in oil revenues.

Ultimately, Al-Attas said the crisis carries two opposing dynamics: Gulf countries may benefit financially in the short term, but any wider regional conflict could pose greater risks to economic and commercial stability.

For that reason, he added, the region’s strategic interest ultimately lies in stable energy markets and uninterrupted oil flows, which are essential for sustaining global demand and supporting long-term economic growth.


Egypt Raises Fuel Prices by up to 30 Percent

A gas station in the Egyptian capital, Cairo. (Reuters)
A gas station in the Egyptian capital, Cairo. (Reuters)
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Egypt Raises Fuel Prices by up to 30 Percent

A gas station in the Egyptian capital, Cairo. (Reuters)
A gas station in the Egyptian capital, Cairo. (Reuters)

Egypt raised domestic fuel prices by up to 30 percent on Tuesday, blaming "exceptional" global energy pressures caused by the Middle East war, which has disrupted oil supplies and shipping routes.

The increases, announced by the petroleum ministry, apply to gasoline, diesel and natural gas used in vehicles.

In a statement, the ministry said the adjustments were driven by "disruptions in supply chains, rising risk levels and higher maritime shipping and insurance costs", which have pushed petroleum product prices to "levels not seen in years".

Oil prices briefly surged above $119 a barrel on Monday before plunging to around $84 after US President Donald Trump said the US-Israel war with Iran would end soon.

Diesel, one of Egypt's most widely used fuels, rose by three Egyptian pounds, or about 17.1 percent, to 20.50 pounds ($0.38) per liter, up from 17.50 pounds.

Prices for 80-octane gasoline rose by about 16.9 percent, to 20.75 pounds per liter, while 92-octane gasoline increased by roughly 15.6 percent to 22.25 pounds.

Prices for 95-octane climbed by about 14.3 percent to 24 pounds, the ministry said.

Natural gas used for vehicles saw the largest hike, jumping 30 percent to 13 pounds per cubic meter.

Egypt has raised fuel prices four times over the past two years under an $8 billion loan program from the International Monetary Fund.

An October increase of up to 13 percent was expected to be the last under the plan.