Iraq Accelerates Efforts to Resolve Armed Factions Issue, Complete Government Formation

A patrol of Iraq's Popular Mobilization Forces (file photo - Popular Mobilization Forces website)
A patrol of Iraq's Popular Mobilization Forces (file photo - Popular Mobilization Forces website)
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Iraq Accelerates Efforts to Resolve Armed Factions Issue, Complete Government Formation

A patrol of Iraq's Popular Mobilization Forces (file photo - Popular Mobilization Forces website)
A patrol of Iraq's Popular Mobilization Forces (file photo - Popular Mobilization Forces website)

As Baghdad prepares to finalize the proposed agenda for Iraqi Prime Minister Ali Al-Zaidi’s visit to the United States, in coordination with Washington, an Iraqi official source told Asharq Al-Awsat that the expected visit of US envoy Tom Barrack to Iraq will “determine the final agenda for the visit and its key areas of discussion across different sectors and fields.”

The same source said that “work is underway to prepare all bilateral concerns and issues, whether those already agreed upon and ready to be turned into agreements and memorandums of understanding, or those that remain under discussion, foremost among them the details of disarming the armed factions and the US veto on some armed political groups participating in the government, despite their declared willingness to disarm and hand over their weapons to the state.”

Asked whether Barrack’s visit to Baghdad is intended to discuss the prime minister’s Washington agenda or had already been scheduled, the official source said: “Tom Barrack coordinates relations between Baghdad and Washington and therefore visits Baghdad periodically for that purpose. He also discusses unresolved issues between the federal government and the Kurdistan Regional Government, which the US administration is keen to see resolved, particularly those related to oil.”

The source added that Barrack’s upcoming visit falls within that framework, as he will also travel to Erbil.

“Accordingly, the remaining unresolved issues, especially oil, will be on the agenda because they are among the issues the Iraqi delegation will take with it to Washington.”

Regarding completion of the cabinet, which still lacks roughly nine ministers, the source said the prime minister is holding talks with political forces to fill the remaining posts, hoping the government lineup will be completed before the Washington visit.

He added that this issue will also be discussed with Barrack in Baghdad, particularly because some ministerial portfolios are expected to go to political groups that won substantial parliamentary representation and therefore qualify for more than one ministry. Resolving the matter requires discussions with the US side to lift its veto after those groups decided to hand over their weapons to the state.

On unresolved issues with the Kurdistan Region, the government source explained that there are two categories of disputes with Erbil.

“One category is longstanding and repeatedly resurfaces. It is related to constitutional matters and is not expected to be resolved, nor is it likely to feature prominently during Barrack’s visit to Baghdad and Erbil. The second category concerns normal political disagreements, including oil exports through the region’s outlets, the region’s share of federal ministries, and disputes between the two main Kurdish parties and their impact on relations with Baghdad.”

Popular Mobilization Forces Chairman Falih Al-Fayyadh (Iraqi Prime Minister's Office)

Meanwhile, Popular Mobilization Forces Chairman Falih Al-Fayyadh on Sunday called on Prime Minister and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces Ali Al-Zaidi to relocate PMF camps outside urban areas.

Speaking at the official central ceremony marking the 12th anniversary of the PMF’s establishment, Al-Fayyadh said the force “stands against sectarianism and has contributed to building a national partnership in which members of all communities and religions fight in the same trench, contrary to claims that it is a sectarian project.”

He stressed that the PMF “represents all Iraqis and has enabled minority groups to defend their own areas.”

Al-Fayyadh called on the government and relevant authorities to “provide suitable alternative camps for the Popular Mobilization Forces, ensuring the completion of their full deployment outside city centers and provincial capitals.”

For his part, Mokhtar Al-Moussawi, a member of the Iraqi parliament’s Foreign Relations Committee, said the issue of factional weapons in Iraq is not a matter of a “direct handover” but rather part of broader regional and international calculations. He noted that “the US administration understands the nature of the game just as the armed factions do.”

Al-Moussawi said there is division within the Popular Mobilization Forces structure and that the factions are not united in their positions. Some have expressed readiness to hand over their weapons or sever organizational ties, while others categorically reject such steps.

He added that Iraq’s political landscape is closely linked to regional developments.

“Iraq’s foreign policy remains unstable, and at this particular stage we are seeing a path of understandings between Iran and the United States moving toward an agreement. If such an agreement is signed, there will be an entirely different approach to dealing with the weapons issue in Iraq.”

Al-Moussawi, a lawmaker from the Badr bloc, which is included in the disarmament process, said Iraq does not have full control over the matter and that a large part of the understandings is managed in Washington and Tehran.

He added that factional weapons are directly linked to the outcome of any potential US-Iran agreement. He also stressed that what is currently taking place amounts to temporary political balancing and that the weapons file could be revisited in a different manner after any agreement is signed between the two sides.

Separately, Baghdad has provided security guarantees to Erbil regarding the protection of oil fields in the Kurdistan Region from attacks periodically carried out by armed factions.

According to a political source who disclosed details of a military delegation’s visit to Erbil led by Chief of Staff Lt. Gen. Abdul Amir Rashid Yarallah, the delegation held a series of meetings and field visits to several oil fields to assess security conditions and discuss measures needed to protect facilities and personnel.

The source added that the delegation provided direct security assurances to oil companies operating in the region, affirming that attacks targeting oil sites would not be repeated.

Kurdistan Region Prime Minister Masrour Barzani received the delegation. According to an official statement, the delegation chief briefed him on the objectives of the visit, which was undertaken under directives from the federal prime minister to follow up on efforts to maintain security and stability, particularly the protection of oil companies and the prevention of attacks against them.

Barzani expressed his appreciation to Al-Zaidi for his follow-up efforts and assurances regarding the security and stability of the Kurdistan Region, reaffirming the regional government's full support for these steps.

He also renewed his call for stronger cooperation and coordination between the Peshmerga forces and the Iraqi army to address shared security and military challenges and threats.



Yemen Armed Forces Advance in Taiz, Coalition Carries out Operation to Protect Marine Navigation

This image taken from undated video released Monday, Oct. 5, 2026, by the Yemeni government-allied Southern Giants Brigades media office shows its fighters firing a weapon mounted on a pickup truck during clashes with the Iran-backed Houthi group in Dhubab district, Taiz, Yemen. (Southern Giants Brigades Media Office via AP)
This image taken from undated video released Monday, Oct. 5, 2026, by the Yemeni government-allied Southern Giants Brigades media office shows its fighters firing a weapon mounted on a pickup truck during clashes with the Iran-backed Houthi group in Dhubab district, Taiz, Yemen. (Southern Giants Brigades Media Office via AP)
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Yemen Armed Forces Advance in Taiz, Coalition Carries out Operation to Protect Marine Navigation

This image taken from undated video released Monday, Oct. 5, 2026, by the Yemeni government-allied Southern Giants Brigades media office shows its fighters firing a weapon mounted on a pickup truck during clashes with the Iran-backed Houthi group in Dhubab district, Taiz, Yemen. (Southern Giants Brigades Media Office via AP)
This image taken from undated video released Monday, Oct. 5, 2026, by the Yemeni government-allied Southern Giants Brigades media office shows its fighters firing a weapon mounted on a pickup truck during clashes with the Iran-backed Houthi group in Dhubab district, Taiz, Yemen. (Southern Giants Brigades Media Office via AP)

The Yemeni army announced on Tuesday that it has seized control of new positions in the Haifan district, south of the Taiz province, as battles continued to rage across several of the province's frontlines.

Meanwhile, the Coalition to Support Legitimacy in Yemen announced that its naval forces carried out a military operation in the Hodeidah province as part of its objectives to protect the security of maritime navigation in the Bab al-Mandeb Strait.

Coalition spokesperson Major General Turki al-Malki said that a plot for imminent attacks targeting waterways in the southern Red Sea had been thwarted, confirming the destruction of weapons depots, warehouses for booby-trapped boats, and naval mines.

Later, the Coalition announced the destruction of a ballistic missile launched in Sanaa, as well as a warehouse in a mountain storing 20 missiles in Saada.

Saudi Defense Minister Prince Khalid bin Salman had said that the meeting of the Strategic-Political and Defense Committee of the Makkah Alliance for Defense reaffirmed the solidarity of its member states and their unified stance in confronting attacks against Saudi Arabia and holy sites.

The meeting underscored the activation of collective deterrence against these attacks and anyone behind them within the framework of the alliance, he added.

The committee decided to move immediately to the practical implementation of the collective defense commitments and to take the necessary measures to provide the agreed military forces and capabilities and ensure their rapid deployment in the Kingdom, in line with the approved arrangements and the national legislation of the parties, thereby boosting readiness, military integration, and the collective capacity to confront and counter threats.


Israel Puts Military on Alert for Oct 7 Anniversary, Warns Gazans

Residents gather on a hill on October 1, 2026, in Sderot, one of the areas in southern Israel attacked by Hamas three years prior. Oded Balilty, AP
Residents gather on a hill on October 1, 2026, in Sderot, one of the areas in southern Israel attacked by Hamas three years prior. Oded Balilty, AP
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Israel Puts Military on Alert for Oct 7 Anniversary, Warns Gazans

Residents gather on a hill on October 1, 2026, in Sderot, one of the areas in southern Israel attacked by Hamas three years prior. Oded Balilty, AP
Residents gather on a hill on October 1, 2026, in Sderot, one of the areas in southern Israel attacked by Hamas three years prior. Oded Balilty, AP

Israel's defense minister on Tuesday said he had put the military on high alert before the anniversary of Hamas's October 7, 2023 attack, warning Gazans would pay a "heavy price" if forces were harmed.

The office of Defense Minister Israel Katz said the instruction came "in light of intelligence regarding Hamas's intentions to attempt to carry out attacks and terror operations against our forces in Gaza on that day".

"If, heaven forbid, our forces are harmed, the ones who will pay the heavy price will be Hamas and the population of Gaza -- beyond all proportion," the statement added.

Hamas's October 7, 2023 attack was the deadliest day in Israel's history, resulting in the deaths of 1,221 people, according to an AFP tally based on official Israeli figures.

Militants also dragged 251 hostages into Gaza, 44 of them already dead.

In response, Israel launched a military offensive that has left most of Gaza in ruins and killed more than 74,200 people, according to Gaza's health ministry, which is under Hamas authority and whose figures are considered reliable by the United Nations.

Since a ceasefire was declared last October, Israeli forces have killed more than 1,440 people in Gaza, according to the ministry.

On Monday, during a state ceremony to mark three years since the attack, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said there would be "no Hamas rule in Gaza" and vowed to continue targeting anyone who was involved in the attack or who held hostages.


Berri Reins In Hezbollah Campaign against Lebanese Prime Minister

Lebanese Prime Minister Nawaf Salam inspects the Nabatieh Gendarmerie unit last Friday (National News Agency) 
Lebanese Prime Minister Nawaf Salam inspects the Nabatieh Gendarmerie unit last Friday (National News Agency) 
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Berri Reins In Hezbollah Campaign against Lebanese Prime Minister

Lebanese Prime Minister Nawaf Salam inspects the Nabatieh Gendarmerie unit last Friday (National News Agency) 
Lebanese Prime Minister Nawaf Salam inspects the Nabatieh Gendarmerie unit last Friday (National News Agency) 

Lebanese Parliament Speaker Nabih Berri has moved to rein in political attacks by his ally Hezbollah against Prime Minister Nawaf Salam, with sources close to Berri telling Asharq Al-Awsat that he pushed for a de-escalation between Salam and a large segment of residents in southern Lebanon.

The shift was reflected in Salam’s visit to Nabatieh on Friday and reinforced in a Sunday interview on NBN, a channel affiliated with Berri’s Amal Movement. Salam reiterated the government’s position on Israel’s withdrawal from southern Lebanon and its commitment to restoring the state’s role and activating its institutions there.

Salam’s meetings Monday offered further signs of a drive to strengthen the state’s presence in the south. He met Berri to discuss political and field developments, pressing social and economic conditions, the outcome of his US visits and his Nabatieh tour and projects launched there, the speaker’s office said.

At the Grand Serail, Salam met Head of Council for the South Hashem Haidar, who briefed him on the council’s work and projects announced during the Nabatieh visit and steps taken to begin them.

Positive signs

Friday’s trip was Salam’s third visit to the south in three months. It was notably coordinated, with Amal MP Hani Qobeissi welcoming him alongside Finance Minister Yassin Jaber, himself from Nabatieh, and Interior Minister Ahmad al-Hajjar. Municipal leaders from Nabatieh-area villages aligned with Hezbollah also joined the reception.

Although Hezbollah’s political representatives were absent, the group issued no statement criticizing the visit or Salam, unlike on previous occasions — a sign of the de-escalation promoted by Berri.

Sources following the visit noted that the tour and meetings “repaired a large part of the relationship between Salam and the people of the region.” They said Hezbollah MP Mohammad Raad, the party’s representative in Nabatieh, was absent because he does not attend social occasions for security reasons. Hezbollah-aligned municipalities took part, while opposition to the visit appeared marginal.

In another sign of de-escalation, Hezbollah MP Hassan Fadlallah said Monday the group supported strengthening the state’s role in the south and having it assume full responsibility, “but that begins with expelling the occupation, stopping the aggression and ending this bulldozing operations and destruction in our villages.”

He urged the state to match words with actions, backed development initiatives in the south and called for the disbursement of a $250 million World Bank loan, part of which is allocated to the region, as well as increased government spending there in the 2027 budget.

Berri consistent with his demands

Unlike Hezbollah, which has attacked Salam in recent months, communication between the prime minister and Berri has continued. Berri has pressed for activating state institutions in the south, securing stability and the ceasefire, enabling residents to return to their villages and providing services to bolster their steadfastness, despite opposing direct negotiations with Israel and having earlier declared the “framework agreement” defunct.

Amal sources told Asharq Al-Awsat that Berri was consistent with his demand for state institutions to be present in the south. Salam’s visit, they said, confirmed the executive authority’s intention to strengthen that presence, making it natural for Amal and its Development and Liberation bloc to “meet it halfway.”

The sources underlined that the visit “soothed the wounds of southerners” and opened the door to a stronger state presence. They also pointed to Salam’s acknowledgment that resources were limited and reconstruction required international support because Lebanon could not undertake it alone.

‘No punishment of any community’

In Sunday’s NBN interview, Salam said: “The state cannot remain in a state of waiting. We must go to the south and to all regions and assume our responsibilities.”

He reiterated the need to stop Israeli attacks, consolidate the ceasefire, secure Israel’s withdrawal from occupied Lebanese territory and work for the release of prisoners.

“When I return for a fourth time to Nabatieh and Tyre, I want to see with my own eyes that water and electricity have been restored, that the contracts we launched are actually being implemented, that schools are being repaired, and that our people are returning and feel safe,” Salam added.

“If I wanted to punish a particular community, I would not personally be following these operations and the response to demands every day.”

Salam stressed that dialogue with all sides remained open, adding that agreed measures now had to be implemented and each side must honor its commitments.

Addressing residents of the south, he said: “You are not alone. The state is with you, beside you and at your service,” citing the presence of security agencies, institutions and services in Nabatieh.