In the heart of old Baghdad, legendary movie theaters stand abandoned and shrouded in dust, bearing witness to Iraq's once-vibrant cultural scene.
A few kilometers away, director Ali al-Bayati oversees his camera operators as they adjust their lenses for a scene in his upcoming horror film, which he hopes to showcase internationally as a new generation of Iraqi filmmakers drives an industry comeback.
Momentum is building, bolstered by recent international recognition for the Iraqi film "The President's Cake", which captures life under crippling sanctions during Saddam Hussein's rule.
"Reviving the cinema sector in Iraq is not easy, but it is not impossible either," Bayati told AFP.
For decades, Iraq's cultural and cinematic scenes flourished.
Film production in Iraq began in the 1940s -- notably with titles co-produced with Egypt -- reaching its peak in the 1950s.
Among the most celebrated productions of that era was Kameran Hosni's film "Said Effendi" (1956), a work recently restored as part of the Iraqi Cinematheque project supported by France, and screened at the Cannes Film Festival in 2025.
But then everything changed.
With Saddam Hussein's rise to power in the 1970s, cinema became a propaganda tool.
This was followed by decades of war, sectarian strife and an extremist insurgency after the 2003 US-led invasion that toppled Hussein, ultimately snuffing out the golden age of Iraqi cinema.
Baghdad's old movie theaters that once drew film enthusiasts are now barely standing, with their faded walls, old doors and broken signs.
Dilapidated shops crowd the entrance to the Granada Cinema, with clothes hanging directly on the street. Other theaters have been repurposed as warehouses, with a few old movie posters still clinging to their walls.
- The old and the new -
In recent years, a fragile stability has begun to revive Iraqis' appetite for entertainment and returned focus to Baghdad's cultural scene.
Authorities seized the opportunity last year, launching an initiative to support 58 film projects.
But the funding pool is just four million dollars, an amount that would fund only a single project in other countries, said Wareth Kwaish of the government-led initiative.
Authorities are also working to recover Iraq's historic cinema archive in the country and abroad.
And Baghdad has signed cinematic cooperation agreements with France to support its film industry.
Still, the industry remains short on funding and support, making every production a gamble.
Filmmakers rely on small grants, said Bayati, who hopes to market his movie in the US and European countries and is among those who benefited from government funding.
The key for him is gaining the trust of Iraqi audiences to "generate revenues that would lead to sustainability in work and production", he said.
Most Iraqi moviegoers today frequent multi-screen theaters in shopping malls where Hollywood and Egyptian movies dominate the screens, rather than the classic venues.
Syrian filmmaker Abdulhadi al-Rakeb, who made a documentary about Iraq's old movie theaters, said their closure has led to "the disappearance of a culture of watching films in theaters and, as a result, a decline in the very idea of filmmaking".
- 'Cautiously optimistic' -
Recently, "The President's Cake", the Iraqi film that won a prize at the prestigious Cannes Film Festival last year, finally started screening in Iraq.
The movie follows the story of a young girl selected to bake a cake for Saddam's birthday at a time when sanctions made it almost impossible to find the ingredients.
Although the movie was shot in Iraq, the production faced many challenges.
Director Hasan Hadi said a shortage of experienced Iraqi film crews forced him to bring in European professionals.
"The local crew were not aware of international standards," and the foreign crew were unfamiliar with the local cultural context, which created "more problems for us", he said.
According to Hadi, the lack of local crews is one of several reasons Iraqi filmmakers have been unable to work in their own country.
He believes the sector needs workshops to develop local talent, increased funding and better overall organization.
"I am cautiously optimistic," Hadi said.
"There are more people who want to tell their stories and make films, but not enough resources."
