Saudi Arabia Brings Together 19 Countries to Prepare a New Generation of Nuclear Scientists

The launch of the 3rd edition of INSO 2026 with students from 19 countries (Mawhiba)
The launch of the 3rd edition of INSO 2026 with students from 19 countries (Mawhiba)
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Saudi Arabia Brings Together 19 Countries to Prepare a New Generation of Nuclear Scientists

The launch of the 3rd edition of INSO 2026 with students from 19 countries (Mawhiba)
The launch of the 3rd edition of INSO 2026 with students from 19 countries (Mawhiba)

The city of Jeddah has become a global platform for young minds with the launch of the third edition of the International Nuclear Science Olympiad (INSO 2026), which Saudi Arabia is hosting for the first time.

The event, which brings together 120 students and experts from 19 countries, reflects the Kingdom’s commitment to strengthening its presence on the international scientific stage while developing national talent in one of the fields most closely linked to the future of development.

The International Nuclear Science Olympiad is the world’s leading competition for high school students in this field. It is organized under the auspices of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in partnership with the Ministry of Education, the King Abdulaziz and His Companions Foundation for Giftedness and Creativity (Mawhiba), King Abdulaziz University, and the King Abdullah City for Atomic and Renewable Energy.

The Olympiad aims to promote scientific excellence and international cooperation in the peaceful applications of nuclear science and technology.

During the opening ceremony, Minister of Education Yousef Al-Benyan stated that Saudi Arabia’s hosting of this global event reflects the strong support provided by the Kingdom’s leadership to education, research, and innovation.

He described the event as a practical expression of the objectives of Saudi Vision 2030 and the Human Capability Development Program through investment in human capital, strengthening the Kingdom’s position as a global destination for knowledge, and attracting major scientific competitions.

He explained that the Olympiad, officially endorsed by the IAEA since 2024, brings together outstanding students and experts as a global platform for exchanging expertise and inspiring a new generation of scientists capable of developing solutions and innovations in the fields of peaceful nuclear energy applications, nuclear security, and nuclear technologies.

Deputy Director General and Head of the Department of Technical Cooperation at the IAEA Hua Liu said the third edition marks an important milestone in the development of INSO, which is rapidly evolving into an inspiring global platform for young people.

He noted that nuclear science and technology play a pivotal role in advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through their peaceful applications in disease diagnosis and cancer treatment, strengthening food security, managing water resources, protecting the environment and cultural heritage, improving industrial processes, and generating reliable low-carbon energy.

In remarks to Asharq Al-Awsat, Dr. Anas Al-Wafi, Chairman of the Scientific Committee for Hosting the Olympiad, said that Saudi Arabia’s hosting of this edition reflects the importance and support that the Kingdom’s leadership places on education, scientific research, and the development of national capabilities.

He added that the royal approval to host the event underscores the central role of science and innovation in Saudi Arabia’s development journey.

Al-Wafi explained that the scientific committee includes a distinguished group of local experts from King Abdulaziz University, several government agencies, and Saudi universities, alongside international experts from universities and research centers specializing in nuclear sciences and technologies.

This, he said, ensures that the examinations are prepared and judged according to the highest international standards while promoting fairness and transparency throughout all stages of the competition.

He added that the Olympiad’s examinations are designed to measure scientific thinking rather than rote memorization. Nuclear science is inherently multidisciplinary, combining physics, chemistry, mathematics, engineering, and computer science. Consequently, the competition evaluates a student’s ability to apply knowledge from multiple disciplines to solve real-world scientific problems rather than simply recall theoretical information.

Al-Wafi noted that the questions simulate practical applications in nuclear energy, nuclear medicine, environmental science, and industry.

He stressed that the student most likely to excel is “not the one who has memorized the most information, but the one who possesses scientific curiosity, logical reasoning skills, and the ability to transform fundamental knowledge into practical solutions.”

These are the skills that will shape the future of nuclear science and technology.

He also revealed that the Olympiad’s impact extends well beyond the announcement of results. He cited the example of a Saudi student who participated in the previous edition without winning a medal, yet whose experience became a turning point in his academic journey. The student is now studying nuclear engineering at one of the top universities in the United States.

Al-Wafi stressed that the true success of the Olympiad “is not measured by the number of medals won, but by the lasting impact it has on students’ futures.”

He added that the international committee maintains ongoing engagement among participants through events and activities that connect alumni from previous editions with new competitors, helping build a global scientific community that exchanges expertise and encourages collaboration among young people.

Al-Wafi further explained that King Abdulaziz University was chosen to host the Olympiad because of its scientific legacy spanning more than 50 years.

The university’s Department of Nuclear Engineering is the oldest specialized department of its kind in the region and has played a key role in developing highly qualified national talent, specialized academic and research expertise, and advanced laboratories that support education, training, and scientific research in nuclear engineering and technology.

He added that through hosting this edition, Saudi Arabia seeks to demonstrate not only its organizational capability to host global events, but also its scientific foundation and national expertise capable of leading the technical and academic dimensions of a highly specialized international event. This reflects the maturity of Saudi universities and institutions and their ability to integrate effectively with international expertise.

Al-Wafi linked the Olympiad to the objectives of Saudi Vision 2030 and the Kingdom’s national atomic energy program, explaining that the event supports efforts to build human capabilities and prepare a new generation of scientists, engineers, and researchers capable of contributing to the future of peaceful nuclear energy and technology applications.

It also strengthens Saudi Arabia’s presence within the international scientific community and creates broader opportunities for collaboration among universities, research centers, and specialized institutions while fostering sustainable scientific partnerships.

He emphasized that nuclear science is no longer limited to energy production. It now plays an important role in medicine, agriculture, industry, environmental protection, and even the preservation of cultural heritage and archaeological sites.



2026 ‘Most Likely’ to Be Second-Hottest Year on Record, Says EU Monitor

Vehicles drive over the Woodhead reservoir amid a drought near Manchester, England, Aug. 13, 2026. (AP)
Vehicles drive over the Woodhead reservoir amid a drought near Manchester, England, Aug. 13, 2026. (AP)
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2026 ‘Most Likely’ to Be Second-Hottest Year on Record, Says EU Monitor

Vehicles drive over the Woodhead reservoir amid a drought near Manchester, England, Aug. 13, 2026. (AP)
Vehicles drive over the Woodhead reservoir amid a drought near Manchester, England, Aug. 13, 2026. (AP)

The world is on track for 2026 to be the second-hottest year on record as an exceptionally strong El Nino weather pattern turbocharges human-driven global warming, the EU's climate monitor said Friday.

This year still has a "20 percent chance of tying or exceeding" 2024 as the warmest ever seen, the Copernicus Climate Change Service said in a monthly bulletin.

Global temperatures are now "virtually certain" to exceed 1.5C above pre-industrial levels in 2026, Copernicus said.

The four-year average from 2023 to 2026 is also expected to top 1.5C, the preferred limit set in the Paris Agreement to avert the worst impacts of climate change.

The world experienced its warmest October on record, with average global surface air temperatures 1.75C above pre-industrial times, an era defined as 1850-1900, Copernicus added.

It was the third straight month exceeding 1.5C.

"October has continued the pattern of remarkable global warmth, with record global and surface ocean temperatures," said Samantha Burgess, strategic lead for climate at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), which operates Copernicus.

"An exceptionally strong El Nino is adding further heat to a climate already warmed by human activities," she said.

The latest bulletin comes as nations prepare to meet on Monday for the UN's two-week COP31 climate summit in Türkiye after a year marked by deadly floods in Nepal, searing heatwaves in Europe and major wildfires in Indonesia.

- El Nino has yet to peak -

Global forecasters have been warning for months that this El Nino, which is expected to peak later this year, would likely become the strongest ever observed.

The intensifying weather phenomenon set an all-time temperature record in a key Pacific zone last month, Copernicus said.

The warming phase of a natural climate cycle, El Nino temporarily raises sea temperatures in the tropical Pacific, triggering changes in weather that can increase the risk of drought and flooding, and exacerbate man-made global warming.

Forecasters say El Nino could help make 2027 the hottest year on record.

Nations agreed at the 2015 UN climate talks in Paris to keep global warming "well below" 2C above pre-industrial levels, while pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5C.

But the United Nations declared in September that the long-term 1.5C target would be missed in a matter of years.

Scientists say it is crucial to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels to limit the period of "overshoot" above 1.5C and bring temperatures back down as quickly as possible.


China’s Marriage Rate in Third Quarter Tumbles to 18-Year Low

Women take a selfie with a cat statue displayed near autumn-colored ginkgo trees as visitors tour Zhongshan Park in Beijing, Wednesday, Nov. 4, 2026. (AP)
Women take a selfie with a cat statue displayed near autumn-colored ginkgo trees as visitors tour Zhongshan Park in Beijing, Wednesday, Nov. 4, 2026. (AP)
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China’s Marriage Rate in Third Quarter Tumbles to 18-Year Low

Women take a selfie with a cat statue displayed near autumn-colored ginkgo trees as visitors tour Zhongshan Park in Beijing, Wednesday, Nov. 4, 2026. (AP)
Women take a selfie with a cat statue displayed near autumn-colored ginkgo trees as visitors tour Zhongshan Park in Beijing, Wednesday, Nov. 4, 2026. (AP)

China's ‌marriage rate for the first nine months of this year plummeted to its lowest level in 18 years, fueling concerns about declining births and demographic strain.

A total of 4.65 million couples got married from January to end September, while 2.08 million couples divorced, according to ‌data from ‌the Ministry of Civil Affairs ‌published ⁠this week.

The ⁠number was the lowest in 18 years, local news outlet Yicai reported on Friday.

Chinese authorities have rolled out a range of measures in recent years to encourage marriage and childbearing, including family subsidies, ⁠childcare support, and reduced childbirth-related medical ‌costs.

They have ‌also pledged to integrate youth development into urban ‌planning, housing, healthcare, education and public services, ‌in a broader push to make urban life more supportive for young people, children and families.

Despite these efforts, China is now ‌supporting more elderly people than children, with the old-age dependency ratio surpassing that ⁠of ⁠children.

China's population fell for a fourth consecutive year in 2025, as its birth rate dropped to a record low, prompting demographers to warn of further declines.

The number of women in China of reproductive age, defined by the United Nations as 15-49, is set to drop by more than two-thirds to under 100 million by the end of the century.


Türkiye Outlines Plans for ‘Paradigm Shift’ in Energy Use Ahead of Climate Summit

Türkiye’s Energy Minister Alparslan Bayraktar attends the plenary session of the Russian Energy Week international forum in Moscow, Russia, October 16, 2026. (Reuters)
Türkiye’s Energy Minister Alparslan Bayraktar attends the plenary session of the Russian Energy Week international forum in Moscow, Russia, October 16, 2026. (Reuters)
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Türkiye Outlines Plans for ‘Paradigm Shift’ in Energy Use Ahead of Climate Summit

Türkiye’s Energy Minister Alparslan Bayraktar attends the plenary session of the Russian Energy Week international forum in Moscow, Russia, October 16, 2026. (Reuters)
Türkiye’s Energy Minister Alparslan Bayraktar attends the plenary session of the Russian Energy Week international forum in Moscow, Russia, October 16, 2026. (Reuters)

The Turkish energy minister has laid out plans for his country to wean itself away from coal and other fossil fuels as it prepares to host the COP31 climate change summit.

World leaders are due to arrive next week in the Mediterranean city of Antalya, and Türkiye’s hosting of the annual environmental conference has thrown a spotlight on its own coal, oil and gas usage.

Türkiye is Europe’s largest coal power generator, according to energy think tank Ember. The Turkish Energy Ministry says coal remained its largest source of power last year, accounting for 33% of generation. The share of solar and wind in electricity generation stood at nearly 23%.

Energy Minister Alparslan Bayraktar revealed the National Energy Plan 2040 to reporters in a presentation made public Friday, in which he said Türkiye would aim to transition from coal to cleaner energy sources — a process known as electrification. This would help it fulfill its pledge to reach net zero emissions by 2053.

“When we reach 2040 we are going to reduce our emissions by 40%. This big change in electrification will make this happen,” he said, adding that the use of solar and wind energy sources would more than quadruple over the next 13 years.

“Our aim is to reach 36% electrification by the year 2040,” he told a news conference in Istanbul. Using transport as an example, Bayraktar said the number of electric cars on Türkiye’s roads would increase from around 500,000 to 20 million in the next 13 years.

The aim of the plan is to produce a “paradigm shift” in how energy is used in Türkiye. “We have a huge project list ahead of us,” the minister added.

Huge level of investment needed

Such a shift, however, would require a huge level of investment — $500 billion in the next 13 years, some $210 billion of which would come from Turkish public sector companies with much of the rest from foreign investment.

“If the world is serious about carbon neutrality and if we would like to fund (fighting) climate change and global warming, we need to find the money,” Bayraktar said. “Everyone needs to take some responsibility and provide money for that.”

He also emphasized the importance of a transition from coal to clean energy that would not negatively impact communities reliant on mines and power stations for employment.

“We are looking for a just transition from coal to relatively cleaner sources of energy... but we need coal for security of supply,” he said.

“Equally important is that (coal mining) is providing at least 30,000 to 40,000 people with employment and labor opportunities. How are we going to make these miners into AI experts or high-tech experts? It’s not going to be easy. We need a just transition period.”

Despite aiming to break away from coal, Türkiye will remain tied to other fossil fuels, particularly natural gas, for the foreseeable future.

Türkiye recently started drilling gas reserves in the Black Sea and Bayraktar said production would double to 7.5 billion cubic meters annually in the coming years.

Growing nuclear power

Another key area would be nuclear power. The Akkuyu nuclear power plant on the Mediterranean coast is nearing operation and there are plans for another nuclear station by the Black Sea.

These would contribute towards the “very ambitious target” of Türkiye becoming energy independent by 2040, Bayraktar said.

Turning to the “turbulent times” facing energy markets, Bayraktar described how sanctions around the wars in Ukraine and Iran were impeding efforts to fight global warming.

“We are trying to become carbon neutral in less than three decades’ time and with all these difficulties it’s very difficult to achieve this,” he said.

According to the Climate Action Tracker, which measures countries’ progress against goals of the 2015 Paris Agreement, Türkiye’s climate targets and policies are “critically insufficient.”

The agreement set a target of limiting global temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit) compared with the early 1800s.

Looking ahead to COP31, Bayraktar said his key message would be for countries to adopt “responsive and realistic policies” to achieve carbon neutrality.