Baghdad Moves to Encircle Positions Run by Iran’s Revolutionary Guard Without Confrontation

A photo released by the Popular Mobilization Forces showing its members in the town of Jurf al-Sakhar, south of Baghdad, in 2014.
A photo released by the Popular Mobilization Forces showing its members in the town of Jurf al-Sakhar, south of Baghdad, in 2014.
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Baghdad Moves to Encircle Positions Run by Iran’s Revolutionary Guard Without Confrontation

A photo released by the Popular Mobilization Forces showing its members in the town of Jurf al-Sakhar, south of Baghdad, in 2014.
A photo released by the Popular Mobilization Forces showing its members in the town of Jurf al-Sakhar, south of Baghdad, in 2014.

Iraqi sources revealed Wednesday details of a government plan to be implemented after the September 30, 2026 deadline for bringing weapons under state control expires. The plan includes "encircling leadership positions" of factions run by Iran’s Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), paving the way for their "gradual" dismantling.

Iranian officials are meanwhile seeking to obstruct or delay the plan, although Baghdad has "designed a course that does not lead to armed confrontation."

Iraqi Prime Minister Ali al-Zaidi had previously set the end of next month as the deadline for the withdrawal of US forces from the country, as well as the deadline for bringing the weapons of armed factions under state control.

The "Encirclement Plan"

The sources told Asharq Al-Awsat that the government plan after September 30 calls for the deployment of regular army forces, Counter-Terrorism Service units, and elite units around the operational centers of armed factions and along roads leading to them, with the aim of restricting the movement of transport and supplies to and from these sites.

The sources said government forces would gradually establish checkpoints under the command of officers to monitor the movement of weapons and seize them, with a focus on drones and missiles.

According to the sources, the forces will begin imposing a tight security cordon around the armed factions’ operational centers without confrontation. The operation ultimately aims to push the factions "either to make a mistake, such as moving drones, to engage in armed confrontation, or to relinquish their positions to the official institution without firing a single shot."

A source familiar with sensitive discussions over the weapons of factions run by the IRGC said, "Government forces will gradually and systematically tighten restrictions around these sites until reaching a stage that allows them to impose control over them, something that has been difficult to do for years."

Military and political leaders reached this formula after discussions over a course that would spare both sides of the dispute over weapons outside state control from "military confrontation."

Field sources said, "Army and Counter-Terrorism Service forces had already begun earlier this week deploying a number of officers at monitoring checkpoints in several areas and on highways as a trial phase of the plan."

The sources confirmed that some of these checkpoints had "successfully intercepted shipments of drones headed to various locations in Iraqi areas over the past few weeks."

Jurf al-Sakhar and Jurf al-Nadaf

Asharq Al-Awsat learned that the plan is focused primarily on the sites of Jurf al-Sakhar, a stronghold of Kata’ib Hezbollah, and Jurf al-Nadaf, a stronghold of Harakat al-Nujaba, both south of Baghdad.

Jurf al-Sakhar has been one of the factions’ most important strongholds since 2014. It is believed to have become a strategic military base for the factions, containing camps, prisons, storage facilities, and missile and drone production facilities. Many, however, believe it is an operational center for Iran’s IRGC.

Jurf al-Nadaf, located on the southeastern outskirts of Baghdad near the Baghdad-Mada’in road, has emerged in recent years as a site containing headquarters and facilities belonging to the Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF) and armed factions affiliated with it.

Security attention has increased around the area because, according to Iraqi security sources, it is linked to facilities used to store weapons and ammunition, as well as military activity by Iran-aligned factions.

In July 2026, security sources said a joint security force raided a headquarters believed to belong to Harakat al-Nujaba in Jurf al-Nadaf. The site reportedly contained a drone manufacturing facility and had been used to launch drones targeting various locations.

Iraqi sources said, "Intelligence assessments indicated that the drone shipments that were seized, or those launched toward various targets, were connected to a command center at these sites."

Although the force involved in the raid included the Baghdad Operations Command, Federal Police, and the PMF Security Directorate, it withdrew without searching the site.

A political source familiar with the matter said, "The failure of the operation to storm the Jurf al-Nadaf headquarters gave military leaders sufficient insight to modify the plan from storming the headquarters to encircling them and restricting access to them."

Wider Deployment

The armed factions’ presence is not limited to Jurf al-Sakhar and Jurf al-Nadaf, both located southwest of Baghdad, but the two sites are receiving particular attention because of their strategic importance and proximity to the capital.

The factions also have positions in Tuz Khurmatu in Salahuddin province, north of Baghdad, and Amerli, also in Salahuddin province, as well as Camp Ashraf in Diyala province, northeast of Baghdad, and sites in the city of Kut, the capital of Wasit province, southeast of the capital.

According to a senior political official, the factions run by Iran’s IRGC have two main missions. The first is to establish positions very close to Baghdad to ensure the ability to intervene rapidly if necessary, which explains their extensive presence at multiple points and sites there.

The second mission is to tighten the pressure on Sunni areas by controlling their key geographic nodes, particularly those near the Syrian border.

The sources confirmed that "imposing a cordon and restricting movement around facilities belonging to factions run by the IRGC is part of a broader plan that includes removing all PMF brigades from all cities and redeploying them according to a plan determined by the military leadership independently of faction commanders."

A senior political official told Asharq Al-Awsat, "The government plan is designed to avoid armed confrontation with the factions. At an advanced stage, it also aims to bring the armed factions into serious negotiations with the authorities within a national framework over their status and the future of their members."

Iran Says "The Time Is Not Right"

So far, Kata’ib Hezbollah, Kata’ib Sayyid al-Shuhada, and Harakat al-Nujaba, all allies of Iran, have refused to hand their weapons over to the state. Activists close to these groups say that "the Resistance Axis will not surrender its weapons even after the Americans withdraw," and have openly and defiantly called for "restricting the state’s weapons to the factions."

The government plan has raised concerns among Iranian officials over the fate of strategic weapons held by the factions, as well as command and control centers staffed by Iranian advisers affiliated with the IRGC.

According to two political sources, Iranian officials told leaders of the Coordination Framework alliance that the timing of the campaign was extremely unfavorable because the regional situation requires allies to hold on to their weapons, particularly in Iraq.

A political source close to the leader of an influential Shiite party said, "The latter tried to persuade the Iranians not to put further pressure on the prime minister, who is already under pressure from the Americans over the issue of weapons. The failure of this government would also mean the end of the Coordination Framework alliance and its fledgling government, which is facing a severe financial crisis."

The source added that "the Iranians are pressuring the Coordination Framework to push the government to postpone implementation of the plan," adding that "the factions will ultimately seek to buy time until the balance of power changes locally and regionally, and the locations of their military assets are changed."



Lebanese Army and Israel: Washington Keeps Tensions in Check Through Coordination, Talks

Lebanese soldiers deploy in Zawtar al-Gharbiyeh, the first model town in southern Lebanon (DPA)
Lebanese soldiers deploy in Zawtar al-Gharbiyeh, the first model town in southern Lebanon (DPA)
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Lebanese Army and Israel: Washington Keeps Tensions in Check Through Coordination, Talks

Lebanese soldiers deploy in Zawtar al-Gharbiyeh, the first model town in southern Lebanon (DPA)
Lebanese soldiers deploy in Zawtar al-Gharbiyeh, the first model town in southern Lebanon (DPA)

Dozens of Israeli attacks have targeted Lebanese army units deployed in the south over the past three years, with friction at times between the two armies.

This has continued despite coordination through the United States and, previously, through the ceasefire monitoring mechanism and the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL), pointing to tensions that have stopped short of confrontation.

The attacks and coordination arrangements will be discussed at a US-sponsored military negotiating session between representatives of the Lebanese and Israeli armies at US Central Command headquarters in Florida on Oct. 20.

Ministerial sources following the international talks said the session would address no civilian issues. Negotiators specializing in law or economics would not participate, and discussions would be limited to military representatives.

Ambassador Simon Karam, head of Lebanon’s negotiating delegation with Israel, would chair the session. Lebanon’s ambassador to Washington, Nada Hamadeh Moawad, would also attend.

The sources told Asharq Al-Awsat that the talks “will be limited to operational and military issues, such as the ceasefire, halting bulldozing operations, and the possibility of expanding the model zones or making progress on verification in those zones,” as well as the issue of prisoners.

Lebanon will not boycott negotiations

The eighth negotiating session in Rome has stalled and will be postponed until after the Israeli elections. Those talks usually bring together military and civilian delegations to discuss political, economic and operational issues.

Against that backdrop, “the US side considered it more appropriate to hold a session limited to military representatives to discuss matters on the ground.”

The session demonstrates that “negotiations have neither broken down nor been frozen,” despite fading hopes of progress, particularly on the model zones and prisoners.

The United States will set the agenda. The Lebanese delegation will discuss the core positions outlined by President Joseph Aoun at the Paris conference and Prime Minister Nawaf Salam at the United Nations General Assembly, the sources said.

Dozens of officers and soldiers killed since 2023

The Lebanese army’s role, along with coordination and communication arrangements, is among Lebanon’s priorities.

Since war erupted on Oct. 8, 2023, more than 70 Lebanese army officers and soldiers have been killed in the south during three years of war with Israel. Some died in direct attacks; others were killed by explosive remnants of war.

The toll includes 46 service members killed in 2023 and 2024, according to a tally by Information International.

Lebanese army statements have documented the deaths of 27 officers and service members since the latest war began, following Hezbollah’s launch of six rockets toward Israel on March 2 this year.

The latest incident occurred on Wednesday in Nabatieh al-Fawqa, where a soldier was seriously wounded when a suspicious object left over from the war exploded.

The army command said a soldier and three civilians were wounded in an explosion while troops were accompanying residents inspecting their properties in the area.

“Investigations and an inspection by military engineers established that the incident was caused by the explosion of a suspicious object,” the army said, adding that inquiries were continuing to establish the circumstances.

State institutions barred from the security zone

Repeated bombardment has emptied Nabatieh al-Fawqa of all residents and made it a dangerous area. The army is deployed on its outskirts and at its entrances.

Residents generally ask troops to accompany them into the town for reassurance, reflecting their trust in the army.

Israeli attacks on Lebanese troops have repeatedly occurred in areas the Israeli army has declared off-limits. An attack on a military vehicle killed two officers and a soldier in the Khardali area in June. Friction also occurred between the armies in Deir Mimas last week.

Although Lebanon does not view the incidents as an Israeli message aimed specifically at its army, security sources said Israel “is applying a security zone model that bars all Lebanese, regardless of whether they are civilians, army personnel or members of state institutions.”

The sources told Asharq Al-Awsat that last week’s friction in Deir Mimas, where Lebanese troops had deployed at residents’ request, “illustrates what Israel is trying to impose: isolating the security zone it has created from the rest of Lebanon and from state institutions.”

The Lebanese army recognizes only the international border and considers the Israeli presence on Lebanese territory an occupation.

Condemnation of attacks on the army

After each incident, the Lebanese army steps up contact with the US side through either the ceasefire monitoring mechanism or the Military Coordination Group for Lebanon (MCG4L) to prevent friction.

Lebanon’s political leadership and parliament support the army’s position. Its troops are deployed under a decision by the executive branch.

Lawmaker Mark Daou condemned what he described as crimes against the Lebanese army, which is carrying out government orders to establish stability and maintain security in the south.

He told Asharq Al-Awsat that communication arrangements between the Lebanese army command, UNIFIL and the ceasefire monitoring mechanism allow them to review attacks on service members.

They also coordinate efforts to prevent further violations against troops and maintain security.

He was referring to direct coordination between the Lebanese army command and the leadership of the mechanism, headed by US Lt. Gen. Joseph Clearfield.


Washington Keeps Sights on Dismantling Militias Despite Iraq Withdrawal

Training at Ain al-Asad air base in western Iraq. (File photo/US Army)
Training at Ain al-Asad air base in western Iraq. (File photo/US Army)
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Washington Keeps Sights on Dismantling Militias Despite Iraq Withdrawal

Training at Ain al-Asad air base in western Iraq. (File photo/US Army)
Training at Ain al-Asad air base in western Iraq. (File photo/US Army)

Iraq reached a watershed on Wednesday as US forces withdrew from their bases nearly a quarter-century after an invasion that killed hundreds of thousands of Iraqi civilians and thousands of American troops, opened the door to Iranian interference in Iraq and beyond, and upended the regional balance of power.

The withdrawal fulfills a 2024 agreement signed by the administration of former President Joe Biden to end the US military presence in Iraq this year.

President Donald Trump’s administration has made little fanfare about the redeployment. It has yet to announce a comprehensive review of the invasion, which began in March 2003 and inflicted staggering human and financial losses.

As many as 210,000 Iraqi civilians were killed between the invasion and 2023, along with 4,599 US troops, according to Brown University’s Costs of War project. The cost reached about $2.8 trillion.

The departure of US troops and equipment marks a transition from a wartime coalition mission to an Iraqi-led security effort, according to Pentagon spokesman Sean Parnell.

“The primary responsibility for addressing Iraq's remaining security challenges, including ISIS remnants and Iran-aligned militias that undermine Iraqi sovereignty and regional stability, now rests with the Government of Iraq,” he added.

About 1,500 US and international coalition troops fighting ISIS had recently been stationed in Iraq as forces reorganized and withdrew ahead of Wednesday’s Sept. 30, 2026, deadline, a US official said.

The mission will continue in Jordan, where the Pentagon says it can strike militants threatening US personnel and interests.

US forces there will focus on ISIS fighters, the official said.

“If the situation deteriorates beyond Iraq’s and Syria’s ability to control it, and they ask for our help, we will intervene and help them.”

Protecting the embassy and consulate

The military airlifted personnel and equipment out of Erbil, the last US military base in Iraq, in time to meet Wednesday’s deadline, a defense official said.

Some US Marines will stay to guard American diplomatic missions, alongside contractors maintaining Iraq’s fleet of F-16 fighter jets and US-made tanks, current and former US officials said.

“The military has already removed a Patriot air defense battery stationed around Erbil,” other officials said.

The United States will probably concentrate its remaining air defenses on protecting its embassy in Baghdad and consulate in Erbil, they added, despite continuing attacks by Iran and militias.

About 170,000 US troops were in Iraq at the height of its internal conflict in 2007. Former President Barack Obama pledged to end the war after his election in 2008. In 2011, he announced an end to combat operations and a phased withdrawal.

But ISIS and al Qaeda seized large swaths of Iraq and Syria in 2014, prompting the United States to lead a coalition of international and Arab partners in launching Operation Inherent Resolve. The campaign continued into Trump’s first term.

Iraq reclaimed its territory from terrorist groups and began to recover. Yet it remains burdened by the influence Iran gained through allied armed groups, whose involvement in the current US-Iran war poses serious risks.

Iranian militias

US estimates put the number of Tehran-aligned fighters at more than 200,000. They use attack drones and ballistic missiles to strike US forces and neighboring countries.

The US withdrawal was supposed to coincide with the disarmament of militias, according to The Washington Post. But the groups ignored calls to disband, and Iraqi Prime Minister Ali al-Zaidi extended their disarmament deadline to June 2027.

Iran could benefit from the US withdrawal, Mark Cancian, a senior adviser at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, told the newspaper. But Tehran’s recent actions in the region have also forged unexpected alliances against it.

The invasion plunged Iraq into chaos by toppling President Saddam Hussein, Iran’s adversary on its western border, Cancian said.

Iranian attacks on countries hosting US troops during the latest war have pushed some of those countries closer to Israel, he added.

“We acted against them only in response to attempts to target our troops,” a US official said of Iran-backed militants.

Confronting the groups from now on would be “an Iraqi responsibility.”

As Iraq holds a “sovereignty celebration” this week to mark the withdrawal, the Trump administration is piling pressure on Baghdad to disarm Iran-backed militias. Many defy the state’s efforts to bring them under control.

“They want to vacation in France”

Al-Zaidi’s government faces a daunting task: reining in militias that Iran insists on preserving.

Speaking to The New York Times, the Iraqi prime minister noted that every Iraqi today wants full sovereignty for their country.

He added that Iraqis also want authority to rest exclusively with the state, and pledged to end “the law of the jungle” in Iraq.

During al-Zaidi’s recent White House visit, Trump said: “We don’t think we need the military there anymore.”

“We have a great champion, a new champion. He’s young and handsome,” he added.

But Victoria Taylor, a former US State Department official who worked on Iraq, explained that believing al-Zaidi can disarm the militias within a few months is asking the impossible.

According to Taylor, these armed groups exist because Iran wants them to remain, and Iran continues to find them useful as a tool and a source of leverage against the Iraqi government and the United States in the region.

This situation will continue even after US forces withdraw, she added.

Former Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs David Schenker remains hopeful, citing positive signals from some Iraqi faction officials who seem to want to operate legally.

They want to vacation in France with their families, he said, referring to their desire to give up their weapons.


Signs of a Full-Scale Yemeni Offensive Against the Houthis

Yemeni leadership's move toward general mobilization signals a decisive battle against the Houthis (Military Media)
Yemeni leadership's move toward general mobilization signals a decisive battle against the Houthis (Military Media)
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Signs of a Full-Scale Yemeni Offensive Against the Houthis

Yemeni leadership's move toward general mobilization signals a decisive battle against the Houthis (Military Media)
Yemeni leadership's move toward general mobilization signals a decisive battle against the Houthis (Military Media)

Clashes between Yemen's government forces and the Iran-backed Houthi group have intensified on the fronts in Taiz and Lahj, alongside an increase in airstrikes, ground operations, and missile attacks. Meanwhile, the general mobilization measures and military readiness announced by Yemen's leadership are pointing toward a new phase that could signal the launch of a full-scale confrontation with the group.

The fronts west of Taiz and in areas bordering Lahj are witnessing ongoing battles, amid Houthi attacks, infiltration attempts, and flanking maneuvers, met by intensive Yemeni military operations involving formations from the Giants Brigades and Nation's Shield Forces, as well as tribal fighters.

The confrontation has also moved to a broader government level following the adoption of executive measures related to general mobilization and a discussion by Yemen's National Defense Council of the readiness of the armed forces, security forces, and military formations across the various fronts. The Yemeni leadership has reiterated that the objective is to restore state institutions and extend their sovereignty over the country's entire territory.

The al-Aghbari front, on the outskirts of al-Mudharaba District and Ras al-Ara in Lahj Governorate, witnessed fierce nighttime battles in the areas of Dhi Ahdah, al-Khazm, and al-Mansoura following a Houthi attack on positions held by government forces and backed by tribal fighters.

Yemeni military sources said government forces and tribal fighters repelled the attack, with clashes continuing through Wednesday and leaving casualties on both sides.

The fighting coincided with airstrikes targeting Houthi positions in the areas of al-Bazalah and al-Dhuhourah, located between al-Wazi'iyah and al-Mudharaba. The Taiz Military Axis Media Center also reported airstrikes on Houthi positions in al-Wazi'iyah District, west of the governorate.

Taiz Under Fire

In Taiz, the Houthi group has stepped up its missile and artillery attacks on residential areas and villages in the south and west of the governorate.

Local sources said the group targeted areas in al-Shamayatayn District with four ballistic missiles, while villages in Jurdad Bani Omar were also shelled with rockets and artillery, injuring two civilians and causing fear among residents.

In al-Turbah, south of the governorate, local sources said the group shelled residential neighborhoods with four ballistic missiles, causing material damage to a number of homes and properties.

Other field reports said three ballistic missiles were fired, one of which struck the building of the Mother and Child Hospital, which is still under construction in the city, causing material damage.

The Houthi shelling also reached the villages of Bani Bakari in Jabal Habashi District, while government forces continued their operations along several axes of the governorate.

At the military level, Yemeni Armed Forces spokesman Colonel Staff Officer Majed Abdullah al-Nazili said the forces had carried out 414 precise targeting operations over a 24-hour period against Houthi reinforcements and military capabilities on various fronts.

Al-Nazili said the operations employed a range of modern capabilities and resulted in the neutralization of Houthi militants and military equipment.

This came a day after government forces announced that they had carried out 356 targeting operations over a 24-hour period, saying that, according to their field estimates, the operations had killed or wounded 476 Houthi militants. This brought the total casualties announced by the government forces over four days to nearly 3,000 dead and wounded.

According to the government forces, the targets included command-and-control centers, weapons and artillery depots, and dozens of military vehicles, as the group continued sending reinforcements to the front lines.

General Mobilization Takes Effect

Alongside the developments on the battlefield, the most significant political and military development has been the move by Yemen's state institutions toward organizing a general mobilization.

The National Defense Council held a meeting chaired by Rashad al-Alimi, Chairman of the Presidential Leadership Council, and attended by political, military, and government leaders. The meeting discussed the latest national developments and the readiness of the armed forces, security forces, and military formations on the various fronts, as well as executive measures related to general mobilization.

The council affirmed that the armed forces would continue carrying out their responsibilities to protect civilians and deter sources of threat, with the ultimate goal of restoring state institutions and extending state sovereignty over the entire national territory.

It also stressed the importance of integrating military, security, economic, humanitarian, media, and diplomatic efforts under state leadership, and mobilizing the country's capabilities, resources, and potential in support of this objective.

This follows the Yemeni House of Representatives' approval of a request by the Chairman of the Presidential Leadership Council to declare a general mobilization, a step encompassing human and material resources as well as the capabilities of state institutions.

The National Defense Council approved directives and executive measures related to the general mobilization, stressing the need to move it from a broad framework to a disciplined institutional mechanism in accordance with the constitution and applicable laws.

At the same meeting, the council praised what it described as the cohesion of the armed forces, military formations, and popular resistance, as well as what it said was their ability to regain the initiative on various fronts. It also praised popular and tribal support for the forces and displaced people.

This course of action takes on particular significance as fighting continues in Taiz and Lahj. The institutional measures are coinciding with an increase in the intensity of military operations on the ground, reflecting the state's readiness to deploy its resources and capabilities more broadly in the confrontation.

The National Defense Council has not announced the start of a full-scale offensive. However, its combination of military readiness, general mobilization measures, calls for the integration of national resources, and continued operations on several fronts points to preparations for a broader confrontation.

A Threat Beyond the Front Lines

The National Defense Council linked the military developments to threats it said the Houthi group poses beyond the battlefronts. It warned of the use of mobile Iranian air-defense systems, cruise missiles, and advanced military technologies.

It said these capabilities were expanding the scope of the threat to air-navigation routes in Yemen and the region, putting civilian aircraft and humanitarian and relief flights at risk. The council called for international action to prevent the flow of weapons, technology, and military expertise to the group.

The council also welcomed regional and international positions supporting the government and state institutions, and referred to UN Security Council resolutions concerning Yemen, foremost among them Resolution 2216.

On the humanitarian front, the council affirmed the state's commitment to protecting civilians and civilian facilities and responding to the needs of displaced people and families forced from their homes by the group. It called on international organizations and donors to support the growing humanitarian response.

Alongside the military effort, Yemen's leadership has maintained a parallel political track targeting members of the group. The National Defense Council renewed its assurance that the door to "safe return" remains open to those who abandon the Houthis and stop fighting or working on their behalf.