Norway's Sovereign Fund Proposes Deep Cuts to US Treasury Holdings

A general view of the Norwegian central bank in Oslo, Norway March 6, 2018. Picture taken March 6, 2018. REUTERS/Gwladys Fouche
A general view of the Norwegian central bank in Oslo, Norway March 6, 2018. Picture taken March 6, 2018. REUTERS/Gwladys Fouche
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Norway's Sovereign Fund Proposes Deep Cuts to US Treasury Holdings

A general view of the Norwegian central bank in Oslo, Norway March 6, 2018. Picture taken March 6, 2018. REUTERS/Gwladys Fouche
A general view of the Norwegian central bank in Oslo, Norway March 6, 2018. Picture taken March 6, 2018. REUTERS/Gwladys Fouche

The manager of Norway's $2.3 trillion sovereign wealth fund has proposed significantly cutting its exposure to US Treasuries as part of a wider shake-up of its bond investments to improve returns, according to a letter published this week.

Norges Bank Investment Management has recommended reducing its weighting to government bonds within its benchmark bond index to 50% from 70%, with US Treasuries, the biggest holding, getting the biggest cut, according to the letter.

The changes would mean cutting nearly $80 billion from the fund's current holdings of about $215 billion of US Treasuries as of the end of June, according to Reuters calculations.

Government bond markets have been under pressure recently, with long-term borrowing costs soaring as rising inflation and government debt levels spooked investors.

Norway's sovereign wealth fund, the world's largest, owns on average 1.5% of ⁠all listed companies ⁠globally. Its scale means that portfolio decisions can influence broader market flows. Any cuts to its bond holdings are unlikely to be implemented until several months into 2027 at the earliest.

The letter containing the fund's proposals was sent in response to questions from Norway's finance ministry about the wealth fund's investment strategy for bonds.

Norges Bank IM said it would await the ministry's response, and any changes would be done gradually to limit market impact and transaction costs.

The proposals will form part of recommendations to the ministry in January.

They will be discussed ⁠as part of the fund's annual white paper process next spring, after which the ministry will make a final recommendation to parliament which will then hold a hearing, a Norges Bank IM spokesperson said.

"We recommend that the government subindex of the bond index be reduced from 70% to 50%," Ida Wolden Bache, governor of Norges Bank, and Norges Bank IM CEO Nicolai Tangen wrote in the letter.

"A government share of 50% will be sufficient to cover the liquidity needs, including in periods of turbulence in financial markets."

The fund also proposed considering an increase in investments in unlisted assets in a separate letter, in part as a way to reduce concentration risks that have grown in its equity portfolio amid the boom in the share prices of a handful of US tech companies.

Under its current mandate the fund can own unlisted real estate and renewable energy assets, but it has a lower share of unlisted investments ⁠than comparable funds.

Norges Bank IM said the biggest change to its bond index would be investing in more non-government debt, including mortgage-backed securities, to give it better diversification and exposure to risk premiums.

The spokesperson said total US dollar exposure would remain around 50%, adding: "What changes is the mix inside the dollar market: less US government debt, correspondingly more US mortgage and government-related bonds."

Under the proposals, the bond index weighting to US government bonds would reduce from 34.1% to 21.9%, according to the letter, with the allocation to euro area debt falling more modestly from 16.8% to 14.1%.

The allocation to Japanese government bonds would increase from 4.6% to 7.4%, while the UK allocation would remain unchanged at 4.2%. The fund said the changes would align the index more closely with the broader market weightings.

While US Treasuries exposure would fall, the proposed allocation to US non-government debt would jump from 16.2% to 27.6%, meaning that the overall bond index's weighting to the US dollar would fall only slightly, from 52.9% to 52.5%.

Europe's biggest pension fund, Dutch fund ABP, cut the value of its own US Treasury holdings in the first quarter of this year, Reuters previously reported.



HUMAIN: Saudi Arabia Allocates 14 GW for AI Factories

A panel discussion at the forum (Asharq Al-Awsat)
A panel discussion at the forum (Asharq Al-Awsat)
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HUMAIN: Saudi Arabia Allocates 14 GW for AI Factories

A panel discussion at the forum (Asharq Al-Awsat)
A panel discussion at the forum (Asharq Al-Awsat)

Saudi Arabia is betting on abundant energy supplies and expanding digital infrastructure to build an integrated artificial intelligence ecosystem, allocating about 14 gigawatts of power capacity to support what HUMAIN calls “AI factories.”

The move comes as companies and countries race to secure the computing capacity needed to train and operate advanced models amid growing constraints on the availability of energy, chips and data centers.

HUMAIN CEO Tareq Amin said the Kingdom has the resources needed to build such an ecosystem, explaining that the company is focusing not only on providing computing capacity and infrastructure, but also on developing software and systems in-house. This would allow it to build an integrated chain extending from energy and data centers to models and applications.

Speaking at Servcorp’s inaugural economic forum in Riyadh, Amin said his previous experience in the energy sector had given him early insight into the scale of the challenges involved in securing advanced computing capacity. Access to graphics processing units could in some cases take several months, he noted, prompting him to consider building an integrated AI ecosystem within Saudi Arabia.

14 GW to Support Infrastructure

Amin explained that since its establishment, HUMAIN has focused on building “AI factories” by providing the ecosystem’s core components, including energy, computing and digital infrastructure, alongside developing software, models, applications and consulting services and investing in startups.

He added that cooperation with the Energy Ministry and several government entities had helped accelerate the allocation of land and infrastructure required for the project, noting that about 14 GW of power capacity had been allocated to the site the company is working on.

Infrastructure development is proceeding in parallel with efforts to attract global companies to make use of it, Amin noted. The company has signed agreements with international companies, including Amazon, while work on a joint project with AMD is progressing. Other companies are also being attracted to operate within the AI ecosystem being developed in Riyadh.

Beyond Generative AI

Amin said current uses of AI still represent only a limited portion of the technology’s available potential. Global attention is currently focused on generative AI and its applications within companies, while AI applications connected to the physical world, industry and infrastructure remain at an early stage.

The next phase will require greater computing capacity, energy and data center infrastructure, he explained, predicting a significant expansion in the scope of AI use as the supporting infrastructure develops.

Amin added that the company has managed, in about 15 months, to build operations spanning several sectors, stressing that fully harnessing AI is not simply a matter of adding new technological tools, but requires redesigning how organizations operate.

From Buying Software to Developing It In-House

Amin noted that the biggest challenges the company faced were not so much technological as related to changing corporate culture and working methods. HUMAIN made a strategic decision not to buy off-the-shelf software and instead to develop its systems internally.

The approach has included building agentic workflows, systems of record and a number of applications used in daily operations. Amin said the future of work will gradually move toward models in which users need only specify the task they want performed, while intelligent models automatically carry out the necessary steps and procedures.

He stressed that these changes are not intended to eliminate employees, but rather to increase their productivity and enable them to perform their work more efficiently. Some employees, he noted, are now able to complete tasks that previously required much larger teams.

The experience has also extended to human resources and other departments, where team members are now able to develop workflows and AI agents themselves without having to rely entirely on IT departments.

AI and Geopolitics

Amin’s remarks came during Servcorp’s inaugural economic forum, which brought together about 150 business leaders, investors and policymakers to discuss shifts reshaping the economies of Saudi Arabia, the Middle East, North Africa and Türkiye.

Opening the forum, Walid Abukhaled, chairman of EMIR in Saudi Arabia, said the global economy faces a combination of overlapping challenges, including geopolitical tensions and accelerating technological change, noting that Saudi Arabia’s importance is growing given its pivotal position in the global energy sector.

He added that AI has become a major factor reshaping the labor market as automation and modern technologies expand across manufacturing, consulting and programming, creating new challenges related to the skills that will be required in the future.

For his part, David Godchaux, Servcorp’s CEO for the Middle East, Europe and the Americas, said Saudi Arabia has undergone a major transformation in recent years, moving from an emerging market to a major economy with growing global influence.

He explained that the abundance of information has not made decision-making easier, but has instead increased the need to distinguish valuable information from the noise generated by the vast flow of data. One of the forum’s objectives, he noted, is to provide a platform that helps business leaders and investors interpret economic trends more clearly and make more precise decisions.


Oil Gains after Trump Denies He Is Willing to Ease Sanctions on Iran

The Argent Aster oil tanker passes the downtown Vancouver skyline as it travels on the harbour into port, on Tuesday, Sept. 29, 2026. (Darryl Dyck/The Canadian Press via AP)
The Argent Aster oil tanker passes the downtown Vancouver skyline as it travels on the harbour into port, on Tuesday, Sept. 29, 2026. (Darryl Dyck/The Canadian Press via AP)
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Oil Gains after Trump Denies He Is Willing to Ease Sanctions on Iran

The Argent Aster oil tanker passes the downtown Vancouver skyline as it travels on the harbour into port, on Tuesday, Sept. 29, 2026. (Darryl Dyck/The Canadian Press via AP)
The Argent Aster oil tanker passes the downtown Vancouver skyline as it travels on the harbour into port, on Tuesday, Sept. 29, 2026. (Darryl Dyck/The Canadian Press via AP)

Oil prices rose on Wednesday after US President Donald Trump denied he would be willing to ease sanctions on Iran while Qatar pushed for peace talks, after falling in the previous session on a recovery in crude supply from the Middle East.

The Brent futures November contract, which is expiring on Wednesday, rose 71 cents, or 0.69%, to $103.30 a barrel by 0408 GMT. The more active December contract rose 35 cents to $96.51. US West Texas Intermediate crude gained 43 cents, or 0.48%, to $89.81.

Brent is ‌headed for a ‌monthly gain of around 14%, its biggest climb since July, ‌while ⁠WTI is on ⁠track for a 4% rise after having breached $106 for the first time since May.

The spread between the two benchmarks this month also expanded to its widest in four months as traders watched potential plans by the US to restrict diesel exports, which could create an oversupply in the domestic market and lead US refiners to process less crude.

US President Donald Trump is considering allowing sales of red-dyed diesel, instead of an export ban, to offer ⁠some price relief to consumers as the November midterm elections loom.

"Continued ‌uncertainty over sanctions relief and negotiations is keeping a ‌geopolitical risk premium embedded in prices," said Sugandha Sachdeva, founder of SS WealthStreet, a New Delhi-based ‌research firm.

"Improving supplies could cap further gains, but renewed disruption or an escalation in ‌tensions could trigger another rally," she added.

Qatar said on Tuesday it hopes that shuttle diplomacy between Iran and the US can lead to a breakthrough.

However, Trump denied an Axios report that cited US officials as saying he was willing to give Iran sanctions relief and release frozen Iranian ‌funds in return for "concrete" steps by Tehran on its nuclear program.

Crude oil exports from Middle East producers have rebounded in September to 16.328 million barrels per day, the highest since the US-Israeli war with Iran started in late February.

Over the past five days, the 10-day average for total oil exports has held at 20.5 million barrels per day, or 89% of 2025 levels, J.P. Morgan estimated.

In the US, crude oil and gasoline inventories rose, while distillate stocks fell last week, market sources said on Tuesday, citing data from the American Petroleum Institute.

Official inventory data from the US Energy Information Administration is due at 10:30 a.m. EDT (1430 GMT). Analysts polled by Reuters expect crude and product inventories to have fallen.


Saudi Minister Says AIIB Success Measured by Development Impact, Not Financing

Saudi Finance Minister Mohammed al-Jadaan at the 11th annual meeting of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank’s Board of Governors (X)
Saudi Finance Minister Mohammed al-Jadaan at the 11th annual meeting of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank’s Board of Governors (X)
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Saudi Minister Says AIIB Success Measured by Development Impact, Not Financing

Saudi Finance Minister Mohammed al-Jadaan at the 11th annual meeting of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank’s Board of Governors (X)
Saudi Finance Minister Mohammed al-Jadaan at the 11th annual meeting of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank’s Board of Governors (X)

Saudi Finance Minister Mohammed al-Jadaan urged the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank to judge its success by the impact of its projects, saying financing volumes and approvals alone do not show whether the bank is improving services, strengthening institutions, or building economic resilience.

Speaking at the 11th annual meeting of the bank’s Board of Governors, which concluded on Tuesday in Doha, al-Jadaan said the AIIB had built strong foundations in its early years.

Progress on regional connectivity, cooperation and private-sector participation had strengthened its ability to meet member countries’ infrastructure needs, he said.

As the bank expands, progress “should not be measured by financing volumes or project approvals alone, but by development impact,” he said.

Success should mean “better infrastructure services, stronger institutions, greater economic resilience and broader private-sector participation,” al-Jadaan said, as the bank enters its second decade and seeks to expand infrastructure financing and mobilize more private capital.

He called for earlier engagement with member countries to better understand their circumstances, infrastructure gaps and priorities, and for multiyear programs aligned with national strategies.

Al-Jadaan also urged the bank to broaden partnerships with multilateral development banks and international organizations to share expertise, avoid duplicating efforts and mobilize more public and private resources.

He said the bank should remain guided by member countries’ needs, taking account of differences in institutional capacity, fiscal space and levels of infrastructure development.

The Doha meeting, held under the theme “Future Infrastructure: Impact and Innovation,” comes as the bank prepares for a new phase of expansion.

The AIIB has said it aims to nearly double annual financing to about $20 billion by 2030, focusing on infrastructure linked to climate resilience, renewable energy, digital transformation and regional connectivity, while mobilizing more private capital.

Saudi Arabia is a founding member of the AIIB, a multilateral development finance institution established in Beijing in 2016.