Snap Inc. to Asharq Al-Awsat: Saudi Digital Spending Shifts Focus to Returns

Snap says advertising maturity depends on integrating strategy, creativity, activation, data and measurement into a single system. (Shutterstock)
Snap says advertising maturity depends on integrating strategy, creativity, activation, data and measurement into a single system. (Shutterstock)
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Snap Inc. to Asharq Al-Awsat: Saudi Digital Spending Shifts Focus to Returns

Snap says advertising maturity depends on integrating strategy, creativity, activation, data and measurement into a single system. (Shutterstock)
Snap says advertising maturity depends on integrating strategy, creativity, activation, data and measurement into a single system. (Shutterstock)

The Saudi Digital Advertising Maturity Framework, launched by Snap Inc. and Kearney, identifies an eight-percentage-point gap between growth in digital advertising spending and e-commerce growth in the kingdom, pointing to scope for more efficient investment and a clearer link to measurable business results.

The gap alone does not explain market performance. E-commerce is shaped by factors including sector dynamics, changing consumer behavior and the split between digital and traditional purchasing channels.

Abdullah Al-Hammadi, Snap Inc.’s general manager in Saudi Arabia, said the gap reflected a market moving beyond digital expansion into a more advanced phase focused on effectiveness and measurement.

“Higher spending alone does not automatically produce stronger business outcomes,” Al-Hammadi told Asharq Al-Awsat in an exclusive interview.

The challenge, he said, was no longer simply reaching consumers, but connecting strategy, content, consumer journey activation, data and measurement within one system.

From growth to effectiveness

Snap Inc. and Kearney developed the Saudi Digital Advertising Maturity Framework to help organizations assess how well they convert advertising investment into measurable business outcomes, rather than judging performance by spending alone.

The framework covers four areas: strategy; creativity and localization; consumer journey activation; and data and measurement.

Strength in one area does not offset weakness elsewhere. The focus is on how closely the four areas work together, from campaign planning to the final measurement of impact.

Al-Hammadi said the aim was not to slow digital investment, but to make it more effective.

“Saudi Arabia already has the digital infrastructure, consumer engagement and growth momentum,” he said.

“The next opportunity is to ensure advertisers have the maturity, local relevance and measurement discipline needed to turn that momentum into sustainable business outcomes.”

The central challenge, therefore, is not whether advertisers can reach consumers, but whether that reach changes awareness, consideration, purchase intent, engagement or sales.

Uneven levels of maturity

Advertisers in Saudi Arabia are not starting from the same point.

Large local companies typically have more resources, larger teams and stronger data capabilities than small and medium-sized businesses. Global brands entering the kingdom face a different challenge: understanding local consumers.

Government entities, startups and e-commerce platforms also have distinct needs.

The framework therefore does not identify a single weak point shared by all advertisers.

One organization may have a clear strategy but weak measurement. Another may produce locally relevant content without the data systems needed to show its commercial impact.

Al-Hammadi said two areas offered particularly clear room for improvement: activating the full consumer journey and integrating measurement.

Some organizations, he said, were still building the data capabilities, talent and tools needed to measure impact beyond the performance of an individual campaign.

That has become more important as digital platforms play a role across discovery, consideration, conversion and post-purchase engagement, rather than serving only as tools for brand awareness.

One connected system

Weak campaign results are rarely caused by one isolated problem.

The content may be strong, but the business objective is unclear. A campaign may reach a wide audience without being tied to stages of the consumer journey. An organization may collect large amounts of data but fail to identify what actually drove the result.

“Campaigns are more likely to deliver business outcomes when strategy, creativity, activation and measurement work together from the outset,” Al-Hammadi said.

When those functions operate separately, a company may generate strong reach, views or engagement but still struggle to explain what contributed to the final outcome or what should be expanded in future campaigns.

That requires measurement to begin before a campaign launches.

Organizations must first define the desired result, the indicators used to track it and the data needed to assess it.

This shifts marketing from a series of separate campaigns into a continuous system linking creative, technical and commercial decisions.

Beyond translation

More than 30% of Saudi consumers believe advertising lacks cultural relevance, according to the research.

The finding does not mean Saudi brands fail to understand their market. It reflects how quickly audience expectations are changing and how easily consumers recognize generic messages or campaigns adapted from other markets.

“Cultural relevance today goes beyond Arabic-language copy or local imagery,” Al-Hammadi said.

It also includes the creative concept, use of language, choice of content creators, platform experience, timing and the way audience response is measured.

Effective localization cannot be achieved by translating a global advertisement after it has already been developed.

An understanding of the Saudi market must shape the campaign from the strategy stage.

That includes communication styles, differences between age groups, cultural and social occasions, the platforms used by each audience and what feels natural or artificial in advertising.

“When relevance is designed across the entire marketing system, the work feels more natural to Saudi audiences and is more likely to translate into stronger business outcomes,” Al-Hammadi said.

The cross-channel effect

Traditional measurement models often credit the final channel used before a purchase.

Consumer behavior, however, rarely follows a straight line.

A consumer may discover a product on a social platform, search for it, watch reviews and visit a store or app before buying later.

According to Kantar’s 2025 cross-media analysis in Saudi Arabia, nearly 70% of platform-driven impact in some cases came from interaction between multiple channels, rather than from one platform acting alone.

The figure does not mean every campaign delivers the same result. It shows that a significant share of impact may come from the way channels reinforce one another.

The meaning of “impact” also depends on the campaign objective.

It may refer to stronger awareness, consideration or purchase intent. It may also include engagement, website or app activity, leads or purchases.

Measuring each platform in isolation may therefore undervalue earlier interactions that helped shape a consumer’s decision, even when they did not record the final conversion.

Start with one goal

For organizations at an early stage of marketing maturity, Al-Hammadi recommended focusing on one clear business objective over the next six months, rather than trying to fix every weakness at once.

The objective could be increasing digital sales, raising app usage, improving customer retention or converting more consumer interest into purchases.

Once that goal is set, the organization can identify whether the main weakness lies in content, the consumer journey, data or measurement.

“Success should not be measured by the number of campaigns launched, but by marketing’s ability to deliver meaningful business outcomes,” Al-Hammadi said.



Nvidia Board Meets to Decide CEO Huang's Future as Leadership Crisis Deepens

(FILE) - NVIDIA President and CEO Jensen Huang speaks during the NVIDIA Constellation All-Employee Celebration in Taipei, Taiwan, 27 May 2026 (reissued on 10 November 2026). EPA/RITCHIE B. TONGO
(FILE) - NVIDIA President and CEO Jensen Huang speaks during the NVIDIA Constellation All-Employee Celebration in Taipei, Taiwan, 27 May 2026 (reissued on 10 November 2026). EPA/RITCHIE B. TONGO
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Nvidia Board Meets to Decide CEO Huang's Future as Leadership Crisis Deepens

(FILE) - NVIDIA President and CEO Jensen Huang speaks during the NVIDIA Constellation All-Employee Celebration in Taipei, Taiwan, 27 May 2026 (reissued on 10 November 2026). EPA/RITCHIE B. TONGO
(FILE) - NVIDIA President and CEO Jensen Huang speaks during the NVIDIA Constellation All-Employee Celebration in Taipei, Taiwan, 27 May 2026 (reissued on 10 November 2026). EPA/RITCHIE B. TONGO

Nvidia's board is meeting to decide whether to oust CEO Jensen Huang, a source familiar with the matter told Reuters, as the world's dominant supplier of AI chips grapples with fallout from reports of two extramarital affairs involving its longtime leader.

Nvidia did not immediately respond to a request for comment on the board meeting, which went late into the night on Wednesday, said Reuters.

The meeting marks a sharp shift from Sunday, when Nvidia's board expressed confidence in Huang and his leadership team. Under Nvidia's bylaws, Huang can be removed "with or without cause" by a majority vote of directors. Nvidia has 11 directors and considers all but Huang independent.

Nvidia's stock slid around 7% in early Frankfurt trading on Thursday after the Wall Street Journal first reported that the company was preparing to fire Huang. If those losses hold, Nvidia will have lost about $600 billion in market value since the board announced its investigation into his relationship with a businesswoman called Alice Huang alleged to be a Chinese spy.

Revelations that US intelligence was probing Alice Huang for facilitating shipments of Nvidia chips to Chinese firms set off a series of events: Wall Street began raising questions about Nvidia's governance and Jensen Huang's personal ‌conduct, while the company's ‌board launched an internal investigation and hired outside counsel. Lawmakers also began to push for tighter curbs on chip ‌exports to ⁠China.

China has denied ⁠the allegations. Reuters was not able to contact Alice Huang for comment.

"The market is starting to price Nvidia without its founder as the likely outcome, not a tail risk," said Armina Rosenberg, portfolio manager and co-founder of Minotaur Capital, which holds Nvidia shares. "Losing Jensen would be a real blow."

Bernstein and Oppenheimer both downgraded Nvidia following the latest developments and Citi cut its target.

"A leadership transition creates an overhang on the stock given his central role in strategy, product vision, customer relationships, and investor confidence," Citi analysts wrote.

NO OBVIOUS SUCCESSOR

Huang's potential departure would leave a leadership vacuum at the roughly $4 trillion chipmaker he co-founded and built over more than three decades to become the top supplier of chips at the center of the global AI boom and US-China technological rivalry.

Huang, 63, has no obvious successor and owns about 3.6% of Nvidia's stock. He also has ⁠dozens of direct reports, underscoring the tight control he maintains over the company.

Bloomberg reported on Wednesday that Nvidia's ‌board has been working with an outside firm to identify potential replacements for Huang, citing a person familiar ‌with the situation.

Rosenberg said Chief Financial Officer Colette Kress, who has held the role for more than a decade, would be the natural choice as an interim CEO, but ‌said the bigger question was who would lead Nvidia's technology roadmap longer term.

Odds on prediction market website Polymarket shifted sharply to show an 88% chance ‌that Huang would resign or be removed by the end of the year. Odds for his successor favored Ian Buck, who oversees the business that serves Nvidia's data center clients.

The leadership upheaval comes just days before investors are set to hear from the company on its financial performance and outlook, with its quarterly results due on November 17.

Earlier on Wednesday, the New York Times reported that Huang had also had an extramarital affair with a company executive who reported to him. The relationship was with Kimberly Powell, Nvidia's vice president of ‌healthcare, the New York Times said, citing five people who worked at the company.

When reached by phone on Wednesday and asked about his relationship with Powell, Huang said, "I don't think you should be talking to me directly." ⁠He then hung up, the New York ⁠Times reported.

Nvidia and Powell did not immediately respond to requests for comment. Reuters could not immediately verify the report.

MARKET FALLOUT

US stock futures sank, with Nasdaq futures down 1%. Micron fell nearly 2% and CoreWeave dropped 6% in after-hours trading. However, shares of rival chipmakers AMD and Broadcom rose 4% and 3%, respectively.

In Asia, Samsung Electronics rose about 1% while SK Hynix dipped 2%, as Nvidia partners and suppliers assess the potential ramifications of Huang's possible ouster.

Investors and analysts said while demand for Nvidia's chips would be unlikely to drop in the near term, the broader universe of companies backed by Nvidia — largely customers building data centers that will use its chips — might suffer.

"They are financing their customers. In these types of booms or bubbles, sometimes all it takes is a slowdown to shift it into the bust phase," said Nick Ferres, chief investment officer at Vantage Point Asset Management in Singapore.

INVESTIGATION WIDENS

In a memo to employees on Sunday, Huang acknowledged being unfaithful to his wife and took "full responsibility," but gave no details about the relationship.

US President Donald Trump said he had spoken to Huang on Monday and the CEO told him that he did not know the woman linked to him was allegedly a spy. Huang is one of Trump's closest allies in Silicon Valley, and the relationship between the two dates to at least 2025.

Huang faces a potential congressional subpoena if he doesn't respond to a request to provide a closed-door briefing about the allegations of his affair with a woman alleged to be a Chinese spy.


Impossible Metals Says It Has Successfully Tested AI Seabed Mining Robot

Impossible Metals tested an autonomous AI robot that retrieved about 450 grams of polymetallic nodules from more than 4,000 meters deep in the Pacific Ocean in September. (AFP)
Impossible Metals tested an autonomous AI robot that retrieved about 450 grams of polymetallic nodules from more than 4,000 meters deep in the Pacific Ocean in September. (AFP)
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Impossible Metals Says It Has Successfully Tested AI Seabed Mining Robot

Impossible Metals tested an autonomous AI robot that retrieved about 450 grams of polymetallic nodules from more than 4,000 meters deep in the Pacific Ocean in September. (AFP)
Impossible Metals tested an autonomous AI robot that retrieved about 450 grams of polymetallic nodules from more than 4,000 meters deep in the Pacific Ocean in September. (AFP)

Deep-sea mining firm Impossible Metals said on Monday it has successfully tested an autonomous robot that uses AI to selectively retrieve critical minerals at depths of more than 4,000 meters in the ‌Pacific Ocean.

Parts of the ocean seabed contain potato-shaped rocks known as polymetallic nodules filled with copper, nickel and other minerals used in electric vehicles and electronics, reported Reuters.

Many companies in the nascent industry plan to use a vacuum-like device to retrieve those nodules, sparking controversy from environmentalists.

Impossible Metals, which is ⁠backed by Y Combinator, has developed a robot with a large claw that it says uses artificial intelligence to avoid aquatic life and reduce environmental impacts.

The test was part of a scientific expedition in September.

The robot directed itself to the seabed, retrieved about 450 grams of nodules and then returned to the surface.

Results from the test will be used to develop a larger version of the robot. The company still needs regulatory approval from the International Seabed Authority or the US government.

Separately, Impossible Metals said that the family of FedEx founder Fred Smith had participated in the company's Series A funding round, which closed earlier this year.

The company declined to provide the value of the round, but media reports put it near $25 million, ⁠an amount that values the company at roughly $110 million.

Richard Smith, a FedEx executive and vice chairman of FWS Enterprises, the Smith family office, said it was Impossible's technology that ⁠drew him in.

“It very responsibly, in an ecologically friendly way, goes down there and plucks these nodules off the seabed floor without disturbing the environment,” ⁠said Smith, who declined to provide the value of the investment but said it was “substantial.”

The Smith family is now Impossible's second-largest shareholder.


Nvidia Heads for $400 Billion Two-Day Wipeout as CEO Affair Fallout Deepens

The Nvidia logo outside Nvidia's Shanghai office building in Shanghai, China, November 10, 2026. (Reuters)
The Nvidia logo outside Nvidia's Shanghai office building in Shanghai, China, November 10, 2026. (Reuters)
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Nvidia Heads for $400 Billion Two-Day Wipeout as CEO Affair Fallout Deepens

The Nvidia logo outside Nvidia's Shanghai office building in Shanghai, China, November 10, 2026. (Reuters)
The Nvidia logo outside Nvidia's Shanghai office building in Shanghai, China, November 10, 2026. (Reuters)

Nvidia shares extended losses on Tuesday, putting the chip giant on track to shed about $400 billion in market value over two sessions as concerns mounted over the fallout from CEO Jensen Huang's affair with a Chinese businesswoman alleged to be a spy for Beijing.

The CEO's relationship with Alice Huang helped facilitate shipments of at least $7.5 billion worth of Nvidia chips to Chinese firms, The Information reported on Tuesday, citing two people who know her. Alice Huang and Jensen Huang are not related.

The allegations have intensified scrutiny of Nvidia's governance, export-control compliance and reliance on Huang's leadership, adding to investor unease over whether massive spending on artificial intelligence infrastructure ‌will deliver adequate ‌returns.

Nvidia shares fell more than 5% after losing 4.3% ‌on ⁠Monday, when the company ⁠shed $192.08 billion in market value. Tuesday’s decline put another roughly $221 billion at risk if losses hold.

"The investment debate is whether this remains company-specific or triggers restrictions and disruption across AI infrastructure," Bank of America analysts wrote in a note. "We would not equate allegations with proven business damage."

Nvidia's board launched an internal investigation on Sunday, while the FBI is examining whether the 63-year-old Huang was targeted by a ⁠foreign intelligence operation. Huang has told employees he was unfaithful ‌to his wife but provided no ‌details about the relationship.

Alice Huang, also known as Huang Le, along with her husband and sister, ‌built a network of companies across China and Singapore to acquire Nvidia ‌chips, The Information reported.

At the center of the network was Shanghai Century Litong, a China-based company that secured preferred cloud partner status with Nvidia in 2023, giving it priority access to the company's chips, the report said.

When orders for Nvidia chips subject to ‌US export restrictions stalled, Alice Huang used ties to Nvidia and its distributors to secure supplies, helping move about 240,000 H100, ⁠H200 and some ⁠A100 chips into China, according to the report.

Century Litong rented computing capacity and operated data centers using Nvidia chips, including some barred from sale to China. Some of the chips ultimately served Alibaba, Tencent and smaller Chinese AI labs, The Information reported.

Alice Huang also held an executive position at Singapore-registered Megaspeed, which was linked to Century Litong and has been investigated by US authorities over Nvidia chip shipments from Southeast Asia to China, the report said.

The Information reported that Alice Huang leveraged her relationship with Jensen Huang to bolster her credibility while keeping her role vague and avoiding a paper trail.

Nvidia did not immediately respond to a Reuters request for comment. Alibaba, Tencent, Megaspeed and Shanghai Century Litong were not immediately available for comment outside regular business hours. Reuters could not independently verify the report.