What is Ramadan and How Do Muslims Observe it?

FILE - Officials are silhouetted as they use a telescope to scan the horizon for a crescent moon that will determine the beginning of the holy fasting month of Ramadan in Jakarta, Indonesia, Wednesday, March. 22, 2023. (AP Photo/Achmad Ibrahim, File)
FILE - Officials are silhouetted as they use a telescope to scan the horizon for a crescent moon that will determine the beginning of the holy fasting month of Ramadan in Jakarta, Indonesia, Wednesday, March. 22, 2023. (AP Photo/Achmad Ibrahim, File)
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What is Ramadan and How Do Muslims Observe it?

FILE - Officials are silhouetted as they use a telescope to scan the horizon for a crescent moon that will determine the beginning of the holy fasting month of Ramadan in Jakarta, Indonesia, Wednesday, March. 22, 2023. (AP Photo/Achmad Ibrahim, File)
FILE - Officials are silhouetted as they use a telescope to scan the horizon for a crescent moon that will determine the beginning of the holy fasting month of Ramadan in Jakarta, Indonesia, Wednesday, March. 22, 2023. (AP Photo/Achmad Ibrahim, File)

Observant Muslims the world over will soon be united in a ritual of daily fasting from dawn to sunset as the Islamic holy month of Ramadan starts. For Muslims, it's a time of increased worship, charity and good deeds. Socially, it often brings families and friends together in festive gatherings around meals to break their fast. Ramadan is followed by Eid al-Fitr.

This year, Ramadan comes as the latest Israel-Hamas war has killed thousands of Palestinians, left much of Gaza in ruins and created a humanitarian catastrophe, with many Palestinians there, especially in the devastated northern region, scrambling for food to survive. Some Muslims have been brainstorming how to remain mindful of the Palestinians’ plight during Ramadan, including through making donations, saying prayers or incorporating Palestinian traditional symbols in how they mark the holy month.

Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar; the month cycles through the seasons.
The start of the month traditionally depends on the sighting of the crescent moon; this year, the first day is expected to be on or around March 11.

Fasting is one of the Five Pillars of Islam, along with the profession of faith, prayer, almsgiving, and pilgrimage.

The daily fast in Ramadan includes abstaining from all food and drink. Muslims typically stream into mosques for congregational prayers and dedicate more time for religious contemplation and the reading of the Quran, the Muslim holy book.
Charity is a hallmark of Ramadan. Among other ways of giving, many seek to provide iftar for the needy, distributing Ramadan boxes filled with pantry staples, handing out warm meals alongside such things as dates and juice or helping hold free communal meals.
Muslims eat a pre-dawn meal, called “suhoor,” to hydrate and nurture their bodies ahead of the daily fast.



Four Killed, Eight Missing as Heavy Rain Soaks Northern China 

An aerial view shows damaged buildings after heavy rains at Xin'anzhuang village, in Miyun district, on the outskirts of Beijing on July 28, 2025. (AFP)
An aerial view shows damaged buildings after heavy rains at Xin'anzhuang village, in Miyun district, on the outskirts of Beijing on July 28, 2025. (AFP)
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Four Killed, Eight Missing as Heavy Rain Soaks Northern China 

An aerial view shows damaged buildings after heavy rains at Xin'anzhuang village, in Miyun district, on the outskirts of Beijing on July 28, 2025. (AFP)
An aerial view shows damaged buildings after heavy rains at Xin'anzhuang village, in Miyun district, on the outskirts of Beijing on July 28, 2025. (AFP)

Heavy rain intensified around Beijing and nearby provinces on Monday, with four people killed in a landslide in northern Hebei and eight people missing, as authorities warned of intensifying conditions and heightened disaster risks in the coming days.

Authorities relocated more than 4,400 people as colossal rain continued to pound the suburban area of Miyun in Beijing causing flash floods and landslides, impacting many villages, state broadcaster CCTV reported.

Images circulated on China's Wechat app showed areas of Miyun where cars and trucks were floating on a flooded road where water levels had risen so high that it had submerged part of a residential building.

Electricity cuts are also affecting more than 10,000 people in the area, CCTV said.

Northern China has seen record precipitation in recent years, exposing densely populated cities, including Beijing, to flood risks. Some scientists link the increased rainfall in China’s usually arid north to global warming.

China's Central Meteorological Observatory said that heavy rainfall would continue to drench northern China over the next three days. Beijing issued its highest level flood alert on Monday, the official Xinhua news agency said.

The storms are part of the broader pattern of extreme weather across China due to the East Asian monsoon, which has caused disruptions in the world's second-largest economy.

Xiwanzi Village in Shicheng Town, near Miyun Reservoir, was severely affected, CCTV said on Monday with an additional 100 villagers transferred to a primary school for shelter.

It comes after the maximum flood peak flow into the Miyun reservoir reached a record high of 6550 cubic meters per second, Beijing authorities said on Sunday.

In neighboring Shanxi province, videos from state media showed roads inundated by strong gushing currents and submerged vegetation including crops and trees.

Shaanxi province, home to China's historic city of Xian, also issued flash flood disaster risk warnings on Monday.

In Beijing's Pinggu District, two high-risk road sections have been sealed, authorities said.

Authorities are carrying out search and rescue work across cities including Datong, where a driver in a Ford car lost contact while driving in the floods, the People's Daily reported.

China’s Water Resources Ministry has issued targeted flood warnings to 11 provinces and regions, including Beijing and neighboring Hebei, for floods from small and midsize rivers and mountain torrents.

Two were dead and two missing in Hebei province, CCTV said on Sunday morning. Overnight rain dumped a record 145 mm (5.7 inches) per hour on Fuping in the industrial city of Baoding.

China's National Development and Reform Commission said on Monday that it was urgently arranging 50 million yuan ($6.98 million) to support Hebei.

The funds would be used to repair damaged roads and bridges, water conservancy embankments, schools and hospitals in the disaster area. The NDRC said it was "promoting the restoration of normal life and production as soon as possible."

Chinese authorities closely monitor extreme rainfall and severe flooding are, as they challenge the country's ageing flood defenses, threaten to displace millions and wreak havoc on China's $2.8 trillion agricultural sector.