Last French Survivor of Key WWII Desert Battle Dies Aged 103

Paul Leterrier had joined President Emmanuel Macron to celebrate the 80th anniversary of D-Day. André PAIN / POOL/AFP/File
Paul Leterrier had joined President Emmanuel Macron to celebrate the 80th anniversary of D-Day. André PAIN / POOL/AFP/File
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Last French Survivor of Key WWII Desert Battle Dies Aged 103

Paul Leterrier had joined President Emmanuel Macron to celebrate the 80th anniversary of D-Day. André PAIN / POOL/AFP/File
Paul Leterrier had joined President Emmanuel Macron to celebrate the 80th anniversary of D-Day. André PAIN / POOL/AFP/File

The last surviving member of the French resistance force that withstood a German advance in a key battle in the north African desert in World War II has died aged 103, authorities announced.

Paul Leterrier fought in the 1942 battle of Bir-Hakeim in Libya with the Free French Forces who had evaded the German occupation of the country.

Leterrier, who joined up with the Free French in 1941 following the Nazi occupation of France, had in 2024 participated alongside President Emmanuel Macron in the 80th anniversary of the D-Day landings in Normandy that marked the start of the German retreat from Europe.

"At 103 years old, Paul Leterrier... has joined his comrades who fell for France on the battlefield where together they fought to save our homeland," said Interior Minister Bruno Retailleau on X.

The performance of the Free French Forces at Bir-Hakeim, where they succeeded in defending their position, slowed the advance of the Nazi forces under General Erwin Rommel and won the admiration of British premier Winston Churchill, AFP reported.

"It wasn't fun, but we were in great spirits," Leterrier recalled.

Leterrier had joined the Free French Forces after deserting his naval ship on a stop in Beirut in 1941 and joining English forces.

After Bir-Hakeim, he continued fighting in Africa, then fought with Allied forces in Italy and took part in Operation Dragoon, the 1944 Allied landings in southern France.

After the war, he worked in France's internal security service.

France has over the last years gradually bade farewell to the final survivors of World War II.

Hubert Germain, the last surviving French Resistance fighter awarded the highest bravery order by Charles de Gaulle for his World War II exploits, died in 2021 aged 101.



Urban Cooling Networks, a Promising System to Deal with Heatwaves in France

Participants park their car at the Trocadero, with the Eiffel Tower seen in the background, during the 19th Summer parade of vintage vehicles in Paris on July 19, 2026. (AFP)
Participants park their car at the Trocadero, with the Eiffel Tower seen in the background, during the 19th Summer parade of vintage vehicles in Paris on July 19, 2026. (AFP)
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Urban Cooling Networks, a Promising System to Deal with Heatwaves in France

Participants park their car at the Trocadero, with the Eiffel Tower seen in the background, during the 19th Summer parade of vintage vehicles in Paris on July 19, 2026. (AFP)
Participants park their car at the Trocadero, with the Eiffel Tower seen in the background, during the 19th Summer parade of vintage vehicles in Paris on July 19, 2026. (AFP)

Economical, environmentally friendly and efficient, urban cooling systems are being promoted as a future solution to increasingly hot summers in France, provided they are designed to withstand the most severe heatwaves, according to AFP.

To cope with the increasingly intense heatwaves, urban cooling systems are booming: these centralized systems produce and distribute ice water via pipes to cool buildings.

The government targets to double the capacity of these infrastructures by 2030.

France currently has only about 50 cooling networks in total, a level described as modest.

The two companies, Engie and Veolia, launches 100 potential studies to accelerate urban district cooling networks in France.

In its annual assessment published earlier this month, the High Council on Climate (HCC), a French government body responsible for the national climate change fight, estimates that “the development of cooling networks is particularly interesting” in order to “reduce” the use of air conditioners and “the impacts of urban heat islands.”

During the June heatwave in France, infrastructure was pushed to its breaking point, with power grids forced to restrict nuclear plant outputs due to cooling water constraints.

“The problem is that in Paris you have cooling facilities sized for a maximum temperature of 35 degrees,” explains engineer Pascal Stabat, professor of energy at the Paris School of Mines, to AFP.

“When it is very hot, there is an imbalance between cooling production and demand, so the production can be a bit low,” he continues.

Between June 18 and 27, maximum temperatures exceeded 35 degrees every day in Paris.