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Saudi Arabia Brings Together 19 Countries to Prepare a New Generation of Nuclear Scientists

The launch of the 3rd edition of INSO 2026 with students from 19 countries (Mawhiba)
The launch of the 3rd edition of INSO 2026 with students from 19 countries (Mawhiba)
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Saudi Arabia Brings Together 19 Countries to Prepare a New Generation of Nuclear Scientists

The launch of the 3rd edition of INSO 2026 with students from 19 countries (Mawhiba)
The launch of the 3rd edition of INSO 2026 with students from 19 countries (Mawhiba)

The city of Jeddah has become a global platform for young minds with the launch of the third edition of the International Nuclear Science Olympiad (INSO 2026), which Saudi Arabia is hosting for the first time.

The event, which brings together 120 students and experts from 19 countries, reflects the Kingdom’s commitment to strengthening its presence on the international scientific stage while developing national talent in one of the fields most closely linked to the future of development.

The International Nuclear Science Olympiad is the world’s leading competition for high school students in this field. It is organized under the auspices of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in partnership with the Ministry of Education, the King Abdulaziz and His Companions Foundation for Giftedness and Creativity (Mawhiba), King Abdulaziz University, and the King Abdullah City for Atomic and Renewable Energy.

The Olympiad aims to promote scientific excellence and international cooperation in the peaceful applications of nuclear science and technology.

During the opening ceremony, Minister of Education Yousef Al-Benyan stated that Saudi Arabia’s hosting of this global event reflects the strong support provided by the Kingdom’s leadership to education, research, and innovation.

He described the event as a practical expression of the objectives of Saudi Vision 2030 and the Human Capability Development Program through investment in human capital, strengthening the Kingdom’s position as a global destination for knowledge, and attracting major scientific competitions.

He explained that the Olympiad, officially endorsed by the IAEA since 2024, brings together outstanding students and experts as a global platform for exchanging expertise and inspiring a new generation of scientists capable of developing solutions and innovations in the fields of peaceful nuclear energy applications, nuclear security, and nuclear technologies.

Deputy Director General and Head of the Department of Technical Cooperation at the IAEA Hua Liu said the third edition marks an important milestone in the development of INSO, which is rapidly evolving into an inspiring global platform for young people.

He noted that nuclear science and technology play a pivotal role in advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through their peaceful applications in disease diagnosis and cancer treatment, strengthening food security, managing water resources, protecting the environment and cultural heritage, improving industrial processes, and generating reliable low-carbon energy.

In remarks to Asharq Al-Awsat, Dr. Anas Al-Wafi, Chairman of the Scientific Committee for Hosting the Olympiad, said that Saudi Arabia’s hosting of this edition reflects the importance and support that the Kingdom’s leadership places on education, scientific research, and the development of national capabilities.

He added that the royal approval to host the event underscores the central role of science and innovation in Saudi Arabia’s development journey.

Al-Wafi explained that the scientific committee includes a distinguished group of local experts from King Abdulaziz University, several government agencies, and Saudi universities, alongside international experts from universities and research centers specializing in nuclear sciences and technologies.

This, he said, ensures that the examinations are prepared and judged according to the highest international standards while promoting fairness and transparency throughout all stages of the competition.

He added that the Olympiad’s examinations are designed to measure scientific thinking rather than rote memorization. Nuclear science is inherently multidisciplinary, combining physics, chemistry, mathematics, engineering, and computer science. Consequently, the competition evaluates a student’s ability to apply knowledge from multiple disciplines to solve real-world scientific problems rather than simply recall theoretical information.

Al-Wafi noted that the questions simulate practical applications in nuclear energy, nuclear medicine, environmental science, and industry.

He stressed that the student most likely to excel is “not the one who has memorized the most information, but the one who possesses scientific curiosity, logical reasoning skills, and the ability to transform fundamental knowledge into practical solutions.”

These are the skills that will shape the future of nuclear science and technology.

He also revealed that the Olympiad’s impact extends well beyond the announcement of results. He cited the example of a Saudi student who participated in the previous edition without winning a medal, yet whose experience became a turning point in his academic journey. The student is now studying nuclear engineering at one of the top universities in the United States.

Al-Wafi stressed that the true success of the Olympiad “is not measured by the number of medals won, but by the lasting impact it has on students’ futures.”

He added that the international committee maintains ongoing engagement among participants through events and activities that connect alumni from previous editions with new competitors, helping build a global scientific community that exchanges expertise and encourages collaboration among young people.

Al-Wafi further explained that King Abdulaziz University was chosen to host the Olympiad because of its scientific legacy spanning more than 50 years.

The university’s Department of Nuclear Engineering is the oldest specialized department of its kind in the region and has played a key role in developing highly qualified national talent, specialized academic and research expertise, and advanced laboratories that support education, training, and scientific research in nuclear engineering and technology.

He added that through hosting this edition, Saudi Arabia seeks to demonstrate not only its organizational capability to host global events, but also its scientific foundation and national expertise capable of leading the technical and academic dimensions of a highly specialized international event. This reflects the maturity of Saudi universities and institutions and their ability to integrate effectively with international expertise.

Al-Wafi linked the Olympiad to the objectives of Saudi Vision 2030 and the Kingdom’s national atomic energy program, explaining that the event supports efforts to build human capabilities and prepare a new generation of scientists, engineers, and researchers capable of contributing to the future of peaceful nuclear energy and technology applications.

It also strengthens Saudi Arabia’s presence within the international scientific community and creates broader opportunities for collaboration among universities, research centers, and specialized institutions while fostering sustainable scientific partnerships.

He emphasized that nuclear science is no longer limited to energy production. It now plays an important role in medicine, agriculture, industry, environmental protection, and even the preservation of cultural heritage and archaeological sites.

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Varieties

New Space Object ‘Black Hole Star’ Discovered by Astronomers

The James Webb Space Telescope, which spotted the new astronomical object called a "black hole star". (NASA TV/AFP file)
The James Webb Space Telescope, which spotted the new astronomical object called a "black hole star". (NASA TV/AFP file)
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New Space Object ‘Black Hole Star’ Discovered by Astronomers

The James Webb Space Telescope, which spotted the new astronomical object called a "black hole star". (NASA TV/AFP file)
The James Webb Space Telescope, which spotted the new astronomical object called a "black hole star". (NASA TV/AFP file)

Astronomers announced Wednesday they had discovered a new type of astronomical object called a "black hole star", potentially solving a mystery involving strange red dots spotted in the early universe.

The object looks like a star the size of our solar system, but produces 100 billion times more energy than any star -- a mighty blast of power closer to what is produced by a black hole.

The black hole star, which dates from 660 million years after the Big Bang, was spotted by a US-led team of astronomers using the James Webb Space Telescope, according to a study published in the journal Nature.

Since history's most powerful telescope went online in 2022, it has been spotting many extremely bright cosmic objects dubbed "little red dots" in the early universe that have baffled scientists.

"What exactly these objects are has been one of the most debated topics of the JWST era," lead study author Rohan Naidu of Hawaii University said in a statement.

The team had been trying to find clues for a different mystery: why JWST keeps finding bright galaxies in the universe's infancy, when it was thought to have been too early for them to have become so huge.

But while looking through the images, they spotted a little red dot.

- 'Pure black hole star light' -

"When we see something very red in the universe, we often assume that it is surrounded by dust, like soot or ash," said Robert Simcoe, a study co-author from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

"The same way that the wildfire smoke from Canada recently made the sky in Boston look bright red, astronomical objects can also appear redder than their intrinsic color when you see them through a veil of dust," he added.

However, when the team sifted through their data, they found that at certain wavelengths, the object's light simply disappeared.

To their surprise, this suggested that it is not dust making this object appear red -- it is hydrogen gas.

This explained the object's color, but not how it could be pumping out so much energy.

"You can't be powering this by nuclear fusion, which is the energy source that sits at the heart of all the stars," Naidu explained.

Using modelling simulations, they determined the most likely scenario was that the object is powered by a central black hole surrounded by a cocoon of gas that makes it resemble a star.

The team named the object MoM-BH*-1. The BH and asterix is for black hole star -- and the number one suggests they believe there are more out there.

"Every little red dot is consistent with being a black hole star," Naidu said.

"What is special about MoM-BH*-1 is, the black hole star is essentially completely outshining its surrounding host galaxy, such that we're seeing pure black hole star light."

Varieties

Britain’s Andy Green Sets Another Speed Record, This Time in a Hydrogen-Powered Car

The JCB Hydromax sits on the Bonneville Salt Flats in Wendover, Utah, where Andy Green aims to drive it to a land speed record for cars powered by hydrogen internal combustion engines, Monday, Aug. 10, 2026. (AP)
The JCB Hydromax sits on the Bonneville Salt Flats in Wendover, Utah, where Andy Green aims to drive it to a land speed record for cars powered by hydrogen internal combustion engines, Monday, Aug. 10, 2026. (AP)
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Britain’s Andy Green Sets Another Speed Record, This Time in a Hydrogen-Powered Car

The JCB Hydromax sits on the Bonneville Salt Flats in Wendover, Utah, where Andy Green aims to drive it to a land speed record for cars powered by hydrogen internal combustion engines, Monday, Aug. 10, 2026. (AP)
The JCB Hydromax sits on the Bonneville Salt Flats in Wendover, Utah, where Andy Green aims to drive it to a land speed record for cars powered by hydrogen internal combustion engines, Monday, Aug. 10, 2026. (AP)

The only person to break the sound barrier in a car earned another world record Tuesday in a show of force for hydrogen power.

British driver Andy Green reached 406.320 mph (653.908 kph) in a car powered by two hydrogen internal combustion engines with a combined 1,600 horsepower, setting the record for that vehicle category, according to the Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile, the international governing body of motor sports.

The 64-year-old retired Royal Air Force pilot rocketed across the crystalline crust at Utah’s famous Bonneville Salt Flats in a 32-foot (9.75-meter) car engineered by British construction equipment manufacturer JCB. The engines, adapted from those used in the company’s heavy machinery, mix pressurized hydrogen gas with air and ignite it to create bursts of power.

“It’s magic to be able to showcase this technology and to showcase how good the engineering is on the best racing surface in the world, Bonneville Salt Flats,” Green told The Associated Press after the run.

To be clear, Tuesday’s feat didn’t come close to approaching the overall land-speed record, which Green set with jet power in 1997. That year, he climbed into the Thrust SSC, a black needle sandwiched between two cartoonishly large jet engines, and hit 763.035 mph (1,227.985 kph), breaking the sound barrier and achieving a feat no one has come close to matching. His runs in Nevada’s Black Rock Desert produced sonic booms that shook the nearby town of Gerlach.

In 2006, Green also set the land-speed record for a diesel-powered car — 350.092 mph (563.4 kph) — at the Bonneville Salt Flats. He returned there Tuesday with the goal of beating that mark using hydrogen power, which he has called the “fuel of the future.”

In targeting his diesel speed, Green easily topped the previous hydrogen combustion world record of 185.5 mph (298.5 kph). He had a 10-mile (16-kilometer) straightaway to build speed. A few dozen JCB staff members and reporters watched from a distance through cameras and binoculars.

Green said the cockpit of the car he used on Tuesday was “probably a little hotter” than in the jet-powered vehicle from 1997, with temperatures routinely above 122 degrees Fahrenheit (50 degrees Celsius).

“But I have been training four months for that, both training in the gym and actually just getting used to it with hot baths,” he said.

A remnant of a prehistoric lake bed, the Bonneville Salt Flats are about 100 miles (160 kilometers) west of Salt Lake City and sit atop a shallow aquifer that cools the tires. The low-friction surface and dry desert air are conducive to speed and have beckoned drivers since the first race there in 1914.

“It looks like snow, and it behaves a bit like packed snow — it is surprisingly slippery,” Green said.

Green was no stranger to speed when he took his first racing job. He had been flying supersonic military jets when he spotted a 1994 British newspaper ad seeking a high-speed driver to break the sound barrier.

Green did not approach supersonic speeds on Tuesday, but JCB engineers hope his feat with hydrogen power will shake up the clean-energy industry.

The company's chairman has argued that hydrogen can better handle the demands of heavy industries than electric power.

Hydrogen is only as clean as its source, and the vast majority is currently produced from fossil fuels. JCB signed a deal to buy green hydrogen, which is created using renewable energy but makes up a tiny fraction of global hydrogen production.

The concept and development of such technology has been around for decades, but has had a resurgence over the past several years, said Greg Keoleian, a professor of sustainable systems at the University of Michigan and co-director of the school’s MI Hydrogen initiative.

Many major automakers have already developed hydrogen internal combustion engines or hydrogen fuel cell technology, but the higher cost of hydrogen production compared with gas and diesel is a barrier to wider usage, Keoleian said.

“It represents an important energy carrier for decarbonizing areas of the economy,” he said. “As far as its deployment, it’s influenced heavily by the cost.”

An emerging focus, he said, is extracting hydrogen from natural deposits instead of separating it from water, a prospect that could significantly reduce costs.

Varieties

Rising Kenyan Lakes Push Crocodiles Closer to Homes

A crocodile perches on the roof of what was the conference hall of a tourist lodge now completely inundated in the rising waters of the Lake Bogoria in Marigat sub-county, Baringo county on July 27, 2026. (AFP)
A crocodile perches on the roof of what was the conference hall of a tourist lodge now completely inundated in the rising waters of the Lake Bogoria in Marigat sub-county, Baringo county on July 27, 2026. (AFP)
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Rising Kenyan Lakes Push Crocodiles Closer to Homes

A crocodile perches on the roof of what was the conference hall of a tourist lodge now completely inundated in the rising waters of the Lake Bogoria in Marigat sub-county, Baringo county on July 27, 2026. (AFP)
A crocodile perches on the roof of what was the conference hall of a tourist lodge now completely inundated in the rising waters of the Lake Bogoria in Marigat sub-county, Baringo county on July 27, 2026. (AFP)

A crocodile basks in the sunshine on the roof of a submerged conference hall at a holiday resort in central Kenya, in a visible sign of how rising lake waters are endangering thousands of families and local businesses.

Lake Baringo and other lakes in Kenya's Rift Valley have risen to levels not seen in at least half a century, with scientists attributing the surge to extreme rainfall linked to climate change.

Tens of thousands of people have been displaced to higher ground, according to official data, yet many victims say the lakes keep following them.

In 2011, when the lake recorded its first significant surge, Mary Milka Tiren, 40, lost her husband after a hippo attacked him on his way home from his job at a popular tourist resort, which is now completely submerged.

A decade later, her nine-year-old son spent three months in hospital after a crocodile attack, leaving a scar on his right arm.

"It wanted to rip off his whole arm from the shoulder... but he was rescued by his peers after a long struggle," Tiren said.

"We've seen a rise in crocodile attacks not because there are more crocodiles, but because the lake is now close to the homesteads," Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) senior warden Jackson Komen told AFP.

"We also have hippo attacks because when the lake expanded, the (riverbank) riparian ecosystem -- where we used to have pasture -- was lost."

- 'Ecological disaster' -

An AFP analysis of Copernicus Sentinel and NASA Landsat satellite imagery shows Lake Baringo's surface area has expanded by 70 percent since 2010, from about 138 square kilometers (53 square miles) to 234 square kilometers.

Neighbouring Lake Bogoria, which is notable for its high sodium levels, has also grown by 21 percent over the same period, increasing from 34 to 41 square kilometers.

As the waters of the two lakes -- one freshwater and the other alkaline -- rise, the distance between them has narrowed.

"If the two lakes mix, then the fish, crocodiles and hippos may not survive... we may have an ecological disaster that we don't know how to deal with," said Komen.

Lake Baringo provides vital drinking and irrigation waters, and supports a thriving fishing industry.

"It may trigger a complete change... I don't know whether human beings will still be able to live here," Komen said.

The distance between the two lakes is now estimated to be about 10 kilometers (six miles).

Scientist Mathew Herrnegger, of Austria's University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, said "the overflow is already happening".

"Satellite altimetry shows that the lake level of Bogoria is high enough that it overflows towards Baringo," he said.

But how much water will reach Baringo and what impact it will have is unclear, he added.

- Tourism decline -

The expansion of the two lakes has also dealt a major blow to tourism.

"We lost 80 percent of our community wildlife conservancies," Komen said, with giraffes, ostriches, warthogs and impalas all moved to safety.

AFP saw at least four holiday resorts engulfed by Lake Baringo's waters, another stranded and abandoned on an island.

At Lake Bogoria, known for its flamingoes and hot springs, rising waters have driven away a significant number of the birds and submerged some of the springs.

Michael Baimet, the director at the local disaster department, said tourism earnings had dropped from roughly $1 million annually to $200,000.

Google reviews show visitors complaining about dwindling flamingos at Lake Bogoria and impassable roads caused by rising water levels.

- 'Risky' -

Schools have not been spared the devastation.

Official records show roughly 12 institutions around Lakes Baringo and Bogoria have been affected, some completely submerged.

About 240 students and staff at Kokwa Island Primary and Junior School in Marigat must now cross crocodile-infested Lake Baringo, with the lone ferry's multiple trips cutting into learning time.

Most exposed is the girls' dormitory, inches from the lapping waves.

"It is too risky for the girls who board as hippos and crocodiles come into the school at night," said one school official.

"We've been forced to employ two security officers to keep the students safe."

The school fears El Nino rains expected in October could engulf the dormitory.

Families on the same island know they have to relocate as the waters advance, but finances remain a major issue.

Faith Mpayei, 40, has moved the fence around her once two-acre (0.8-hectare) farm twice since 2016, when she said the lake began advancing rapidly.

Her fence now lies submerged, while the water stands nearly a third of the way up her house.

"It has reduced me to zero," said the mother-of-five.

"We are helpless... I am here just for the time being, I have to relocate... there's nothing left to do here."