Iran Seeks to Protect Syrians Fleeing to Lebanon After Assad’s Fall

The Lebanese Foreign Minister meets with Iranian Deputy Foreign Minister Vahid Jalalzadeh and the accompanying delegation (Lebanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs)
The Lebanese Foreign Minister meets with Iranian Deputy Foreign Minister Vahid Jalalzadeh and the accompanying delegation (Lebanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs)
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Iran Seeks to Protect Syrians Fleeing to Lebanon After Assad’s Fall

The Lebanese Foreign Minister meets with Iranian Deputy Foreign Minister Vahid Jalalzadeh and the accompanying delegation (Lebanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs)
The Lebanese Foreign Minister meets with Iranian Deputy Foreign Minister Vahid Jalalzadeh and the accompanying delegation (Lebanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs)

Lebanese political and security circles were surprised by Iran’s apparent concern for Syrian refugees who fled to Lebanon after the fall of Bashar al-Assad’s regime. This raised suspicions that former Syrian regime figures might be in Lebanon and that Tehran is working to secure legal and security protection for them. However, sources revealed that Iran’s true objective is to provide a safe passage for Iranians in Syria, facilitating their transfer to Lebanon and eventual repatriation to Tehran via Beirut’s airport.

Iran’s Deputy Foreign Minister for Consular and Parliamentary Affairs, Vahid Jalalzadeh, made an unexpected visit to Beirut, where he met with Lebanese Foreign Minister Abdallah Bou Habib and General Security Chief Major General Elias Al-Baysari. During his visit, he called for international assistance for newly arrived Syrian refugees, hinting at their long-term stay in Lebanon.

Reports indicate that several high-ranking Syrian security officers fled to Lebanon following Assad’s downfall. A security source told Asharq Al-Awsat that Iran is concerned about their potential arrest and extradition to the new Syrian government. More importantly, Iran is working to secure the transfer of Iranians who were granted Syrian citizenship under Assad’s rule—many of whom reside in Damascus, particularly in Sayyida Zainab—so they can be repatriated to Tehran.

Lebanon has become a transit point for several figures from Assad’s former regime, including Rifaat al-Assad, Bouthaina Shaaban, and Maher al-Assad’s family. It is believed that some Syrian intelligence officers have also taken refuge in Lebanon under the protection of pro-Assad political parties. However, Lebanese security agencies deny any knowledge of their presence.

In remarks to Asharq Al-Awsat, a senior judicial source acknowledged the possibility that former Syrian security officials had entered Lebanon, possibly through illegal crossings. He confirmed that security forces had previously detained members of the Syrian Army’s Fourth Division, some of whom voluntarily returned to Syria while others left for third countries.

When asked whether the new Syrian government had requested Lebanon to extradite wanted officials, the source stated that no such request had been made. However, he emphasized that if any former Syrian regime officials were discovered in Lebanon, legal measures would be taken against them.



Cash Crunch Leaves Syrians Queueing for Hours to Collect Salaries

Syrian civil servants must queue at one of two state banks or affiliated ATMs, and withdrawals are capped. LOUAI BESHARA / AFP
Syrian civil servants must queue at one of two state banks or affiliated ATMs, and withdrawals are capped. LOUAI BESHARA / AFP
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Cash Crunch Leaves Syrians Queueing for Hours to Collect Salaries

Syrian civil servants must queue at one of two state banks or affiliated ATMs, and withdrawals are capped. LOUAI BESHARA / AFP
Syrian civil servants must queue at one of two state banks or affiliated ATMs, and withdrawals are capped. LOUAI BESHARA / AFP

Seated on the pavement outside a bank in central Damascus, Abu Fares's face is worn with exhaustion as he waits to collect a small portion of his pension.
"I've been here for four hours and I haven't so much as touched my pension," said the 77-year-old, who did not wish to give his full name.

"The cash dispensers are under-stocked and the queues are long," he continued.

Since the overthrow of president Bashar al-Assad last December, Syria has been struggling to emerge from the wake of nearly 14 years of civil war, and its banking sector is no exception.

Decades of punishing sanctions imposed on the Assad dynasty -- which the new authorities are seeking to have lifted -- have left about 90 percent of Syrians under the poverty line, according to the United Nations.

The liquidity crisis has forced authorities to drastically limit cash withdrawals, leaving much of the population struggling to make ends meet.

Prior to his ousting, Assad's key ally Russia held a monopoly on printing banknotes. The new authorities have only announced once that they have received a shipment of banknotes from Moscow since Assad's overthrow.
In a country with about 1.25 million public sector employees, civil servants must queue at one of two state banks or affiliated ATMs to make withdrawals, capped at about 200,000 Syrian pounds, the equivalent on the black market of $20 per day.

In some cases, they have to take a day off just to wait for the cash.

"There are sick people, elderly... we can't continue like this," said Abu Fares.

'Meagre sums'
"There is a clear lack of cash, and for that reason we deactivate the ATMs at the end of the workday," an employee at a private bank told AFP, preferring not to give her name.

A haphazard queue of about 300 people stretches outside the Commercial Bank of Syria. Some are sitting on the ground.

Afraa Jumaa, a civil servant, said she spends most of the money she withdraws on the travel fare to get to and from the bank.

"The conditions are difficult and we need to withdraw our salaries as quickly as possible," said the 43-year-old.
"It's not acceptable that we have to spend days to withdraw meagre sums."

The local currency has plunged in value since the civil war erupted in 2011, prior to which the dollar was valued at 50 pounds.

Economist Georges Khouzam explained that foreign exchange vendors -- whose work was outlawed under Assad -- "deliberately reduced cash flows in Syrian pounds to provoke rapid fluctuations in the market and turn a profit".

Muntaha Abbas, a 37-year-old civil servant, had to return three times to withdraw her entire salary of 500,000 pounds.

"There are a lot of ATMs in Damascus, but very few of them work," she said.

After a five-hour wait, she was finally able to withdraw 200,000 pounds.

"Queues and more queues... our lives have become a series of queues," she lamented.