Asharq Al-Awsat Reports on Return of Lebanese to ‘Scorched Earth’ in the South

Lebanese walk through rubble in destroyed Meis El-Jabal, Lebanon (Asharq Al-Awsat)
Lebanese walk through rubble in destroyed Meis El-Jabal, Lebanon (Asharq Al-Awsat)
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Asharq Al-Awsat Reports on Return of Lebanese to ‘Scorched Earth’ in the South

Lebanese walk through rubble in destroyed Meis El-Jabal, Lebanon (Asharq Al-Awsat)
Lebanese walk through rubble in destroyed Meis El-Jabal, Lebanon (Asharq Al-Awsat)

The Lebanese army has reached the country’s southern borders for the first time since war broke out between Hezbollah and Israel late last year, reclaiming occupied villages. But its return has uncovered widespread destruction, something that security sources described as an “expected surprise.”

The Israeli military used the 60-day withdrawal period—extended by an additional two weeks—to systematically devastate the villages under a scorched earth policy, both in the literal and figurative sense.

Security information reviewed by Asharq Al-Awsat showed that Israeli forces remain in at least seven positions, rather than the five officially declared.

Despite pulling back, Israel has continued to carry out attacks in Lebanon, firing warning shots at Lebanese soldiers, launching an airstrike on a vehicle, and wounding two civilians in a separate attack.

Deployment in Southern Lebanon

The Lebanese army has deployed around 6,500 soldiers south of the Litani River, with plans to increase the number to 8,000 soon. These forces have established multiple military positions in areas previously caught in the conflict between Israel and Hezbollah.

Under the ceasefire agreement, Hezbollah was expected to withdraw from these areas following the November 27 truce and the extended Israeli pullout deadline, which ended on Tuesday. However, Israeli forces have remained in certain locations along the border.

Israeli Troop Presence Exceeds Official Figures

Israel had announced its forces would stay in five positions, but security sources told Asharq Al-Awsat that Israeli troops remain in at least seven locations inside Lebanese territory, with the deepest incursion reaching about three kilometers.

One of these positions, extending into Lebanese territory like an arrow, is considered a weak point for Israeli forces if they maintain a prolonged presence. The Israeli troops’ locations stretch from al-Hamamis Hill, south of Khiam, where they have advanced 1.5 to 3 kilometers, to Kfar Kila, where they control a road running along the border fence.

This area was previously disputed, with Israel insisting it was part of its territory before eventually withdrawing and recognizing it as Lebanese land.

Another position near Markaba, in southeastern Lebanon, sits adjacent to a UNIFIL post, while the border road from Kfar Kila to Markaba remains under Israeli control.

Nearby, Israel has reinforced a site close to Tallat al-Abbad, where a contested grave has historically been split between Lebanese and Israeli territory. Israel has now taken full control of the site and begun renovations.

Additional Israeli positions include Aitaroun, where Israeli forces have taken control of a wedge-shaped area known as Jal al-Deir, and Jabal Balat, where Israeli troops have blocked the road between Ramyah and Marwahin.

Another unannounced position near Dhayra has seen Israel cut off a road without establishing a permanent presence, while the final known position is in Labouneh, overlooking Naqoura on the coast—a site of Israeli-Lebanese disputes since 2000.

A Lebanese army field study, reviewed by Asharq Al-Awsat, found that these Israeli positions offer little strategic military advantage, with poor visibility for reconnaissance.

The report suggests Israel’s continued presence is driven more by political considerations than military necessity. Notably, these positions face key Israeli settlements, from Metula in the east to Shlomi in the west.

Lebanese Troops Face Harsh Conditions Amid Destruction

As the Lebanese army moved into the border areas, troops encountered widespread devastation. According to a Lebanese security source, nearly 80% of border villages have been destroyed, including all former army positions, which were abandoned before Israel's ground invasion in September.

With harsh winter conditions and strong polar winds, soldiers have been forced to sleep in their vehicles, using them as shelter at night and transport during the day. The army also faces logistical challenges in maintaining supplies for units stationed along the border.

Clearing Debris and Recovering Bodies

Beyond securing the border and stabilizing liberated villages, the Lebanese army is assisting civilians by clearing debris, reopening roads, and removing unexploded ordnance.

Troops have also recovered the bodies of fallen fighters, retrieving 69 Hezbollah casualties on the first day of the Israeli withdrawal alone.

Additionally, two Hezbollah fighters were found alive in a shelter in Kfar Kila, having been trapped inside for over two months during the conflict.

As for recent security events, an Israeli drone strike targeted a vehicle in the southern Lebanese town of Aita al-Shaab, in Bint Jbeil district, killing the son of the town’s mayor and critically injuring his wife, as residents continue returning to their devastated villages.

Israeli military spokesperson Avichay Adraee later claimed on social media platform X that the strike was aimed at “eliminating a threat” and had “neutralized a Hezbollah operative in Aita al-Shaab after he was spotted handling weapons.”

Adraee added that the Israeli army continues to act against any threats in line with understandings between Israel and Lebanon.

Moreover, Israeli forces opened fire from their Radar site near Shebaa, targeting homes in the town, and later carried out another round of gunfire from al-Hamamis Hill.

Meanwhile, an Israeli bulldozer erected a new earth barrier near the square of Adaisseh, in the Khallat al-Mahafir area.

Israeli troops also threw stun grenades at a gathering of residents in Kfar Kila. In a separate incident, two Israeli Merkava tanks fired at a Lebanese army post in the Barakat Naqqar area, south of Shebaa, though no casualties were reported.

Several people were wounded when Israeli forces opened fire on parks in Wazzani, where returning residents were inspecting the area. An Israeli soldier also shot a Lebanese man in the leg as he checked his property along the Wazzani River.



A Bitter Return for Iraqis Kicked Out of Europe

Mohammed Jalal: 'If I could return to Europe I would'. Shwan MOHAMMED / AFP
Mohammed Jalal: 'If I could return to Europe I would'. Shwan MOHAMMED / AFP
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A Bitter Return for Iraqis Kicked Out of Europe

Mohammed Jalal: 'If I could return to Europe I would'. Shwan MOHAMMED / AFP
Mohammed Jalal: 'If I could return to Europe I would'. Shwan MOHAMMED / AFP

Iraqi Mohammed Jalal lost 10 years of his life seeking asylum in Germany, without success. Instead of being granted refuge, he was sent back to the land he had fled.

He now faces the same challenges that drove him to leave the northern Kurdistan region of Iraq. More than a year has passed, and he is still without a job.

Jalal is just one of thousands of Iraqis and migrants from many other countries who have been forced out of Europe as it tightens its migration policies, driven by the rise of the extreme right.

European states are now working closely with Iraq to support returns by funding programs primarily aimed at tackling unemployment.

In the town of Ranya in autonomous Kurdistan, Jalal moved back in with his elderly father to a cramped two-room apartment where they sleep on mattresses on a cold concrete floor.

"If I could return to Europe I would," 39-year-old Jalal told AFP.

He still dreams of a day when German authorities grant him asylum.

"I could become legal and work in a Kurdish restaurant," he said.

"Here I don't have a job."

In 2015, Jalal undertook the perilous journey across the Mediterranean from the Turkish city of Izmir to Greece.

He went to North Macedonia, Serbia and Croatia before finally reaching Germany. There, he settled in a center for asylum seekers and received 300 euros ($385) a month.

Despite restrictions on asylum seekers getting jobs, Jalal travelled to cities including Nuremberg and Munich where he worked illegally and had to be careful not to be caught.

'Path of death'

Jalal's asylum requests were denied twice and Germany expelled him in January last year.

Back home, following a failed attempt to open a bakery, he worked for two months at a falafel kiosk earning $7 a day.

Unemployed again, he now receives $150 from his family abroad.

"I live on this meagre amount," he said.

In the last quarter of 2024, around 125,000 non-Europeans were ordered to leave a country in the European Union, 16 percent more than during the same period in 2023.

"As a matter of principle, Germany repatriates people who are required to leave the country," the German embassy in Baghdad told AFP.

It said Germany "has given protection and shelter to millions of people who have fled war and violence in their home countries", including many Iraqis, mostly from the north.

But the embassy warned that "there are no prospects of residence for people who enter Germany irregularly in the hope of a better life and who have no need for protection".

Despite presenting itself as an oasis of stability in turbulent Iraq, Kurdistan is grappling with economic challenges that push its young people to seek opportunities elsewhere.

Many have lost their lives while trying to reach Europe.

Hardi Ahmed left Ranya, east of the Kurdistan capital Arbil, in 2021.

He called his journey to the United Kingdom the "path of death" after losing three friends to drowning, one in the Channel between France and Britain.

Upon arrival, Ahmed quickly realized he was not welcome. He was turned back to France, where the Iraqi embassy helped him return home.

Back in Kurdistan, the 39-year-old is now unemployed, and believes the authorities should provide jobs.

"If not, youth will be forced... to go to Europe," he said.

'Stay in Iraq'

After decades marred by conflict, including a US-led invasion followed by insurgencies and the rise of ISIS group, Iraq has now regained some stability.

The German government-linked development agency GIZ supports centers in Arbil and Baghdad that provide returnees with counselling and help in job searches, training and providing financial aid for small businesses.

Funded by Germany, Switzerland and the EU, the centers assisted 350 people between June 2023 and August 2024.

The EU ambassador to Iraq, Thomas Seiler, told AFP that "some member states have agreed on bilateral return and readmission agreements with Iraq", and the EU is finalizing a similar deal.

The capacity of many European cities and villages "to receive and integrate" migrants "has long been reached", Seiler warned.

"Irregular migration should now clearly be prevented."

Seiler said the EU funds programs to assist Iraq in welcoming back returnees. It also provides tens of millions of euros to support initiatives aimed at helping "Iraqis stay in Iraq".

Indebted migrants

With funding from Denmark and Finland, the Kurdish Rwanga Foundation launched a program to reintegrate returnees.

It has so far trained 120 people on starting small businesses and provided grants of up to $5,600 to 15 of them.

Kamiran Shivan, head of the foundation's programs, said beneficiaries' sectors include construction, carpentry, mobile and electronics repair, restaurants and beauty salons.

Many Iraqis return home burdened with debt from the cost of their journey to Europe.

"They come back without having a source of income or assets that would allow them to repay their debts," Shivan said.

Mohammed Ismail, 29, left for Germany in 2016, hoping for a better life and a European passport.

But more than five years later, nothing has changed for him.

Germany rejected his asylum requests three times on the basis that Arbil is considered safe.

Back home in Kurdistan, he received a grant from Rwanga to become a partner in a mechanic's workshop, which provides him with $550 a month -- enough to support his wife and three-year-old child.

"I no longer consider emigrating," Ismail said. "If I return to Europe, it will be as a tourist."