An official invitation to new Syrian President Ahmed al-Sharaa to attend the upcoming Arab League summit in Baghdad has triggered sharp political divisions within Iraq.
Al-Sharaa took power after leading a lightning opposition offensive that unseated his predecessor, Bashar al-Assad, in December. Since then, he has positioned himself as a statesman aiming to unite and rebuild his country after nearly 14 years of civil war, but his past as a militant has left many — including Shiite groups in Iraq — wary.
Formerly known by the nom de guerre Abu Mohammed al-Golani, Sharaa joined the ranks of al-Qaeda insurgents battling US forces in Iraq after the US-led invasion in 2003. The Supreme Judicial Council of Iraq said in February that there are no outstanding warrants for Sharaa’s arrest in the country.
Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani confirmed last week that Iraq had extended a formal invitation to Sharaa to attend the May 17 summit, following a previously unannounced meeting between the two in Qatar. Sharaa has not confirmed plans to attend.
Iraq, which has strong ties with both the United States and Iran, has sought to position itself as a regional mediator.
Many Iraqi and regional stakeholders see the invitation to Sharaa as an opportunity to bolster Baghdad’s image as a hub for regional diplomacy.
However, strong opposition to Sharaa’s invitation has emerged from powerful Shiite factions aligned with Iran. Tehran, which backed Assad in Syria’s civil war and used Syria as a conduit to smuggle weapons to the Hezbollah group in Lebanon, was widely seen as the biggest loser from Assad’s ouster.
Several Iraqi Shiite militias fought alongside Assad's forces during the civil war that followed his brutal crackdown on pro-democracy protests in 2011, making Sharaa a particularly sensitive figure for them.
Mustafa Sand, a member of parliament from the Coordination Framework — a coalition of Iran-allied factions that brought Sudani to power in 2022 — said in a video posted on X, formerly Twitter, that the foreign ministry had reached out to the Supreme Judicial Council to verify whether an arrest warrant was issued against Sharaa and that the council had confirmed the existence of a valid warrant.
A security official who spoke on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to comment publicly confirmed the existence of the warrant to The Associated Press.
The Islamic Dawa Party, led by former Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki — one of the most influential figures in Iraq’s ruling coalition — called on the government in a statement to “ensure that any summit participant has a clean judicial record, both locally and internationally,” adding, “The blood of Iraqis is not cheap, and those who have violated their sanctity or committed documented crimes against them should not be welcomed in Baghdad.”
A spokesperson for the militia Kataib Hezbollah, Abu Ali Al-Askari, said in a statement: “Arab summits have been held without President Assad, Iraq, or Libya. They certainly won’t stop because the criminal Abu Mohammad al-Golani ... isn’t attending.”
On the other side, Sunni political factions have rallied to defend Sharaa’s inclusion in the summit. Former MP Dhafir Al-Ani, a prominent Sunni figure, said he supports Baghdad’s attempts to build ties with the new Syrian authorities.
“Preventing his presence would be a stab in the heart of the Iraqi government and a sign that violence still dictates the country’s fate,” he said.
The Iraqi government has not responded publicly to the backlash.
A warrant would not necessarily block Sharaa from joining the summit. Other countries have chosen to waive similar measures.
In December after Assad’s fall, the United States said it had decided not to pursue a $10 million reward it had previously offered for Sharaa’s capture, although Washington also has not yet officially recognized the new Syrian government.
However, observers said the controversy highlights deep divisions within Iraq’s political system and underscores the challenges facing national reconciliation efforts.
“Some see welcoming Sharaa as an insult to the memory of Iraq’s victims, while Sunni factions view his participation as a political victory,” said political analyst Munaf Al-Musawi, head of the Baghdad Center for Strategic Studies. “This could risk fueling sectarian tensions.”
