Barrack Says Lebanon Has an Opportunity; Israel, Not US, Setting Deadline for Hezbollah Disarmament

US Ambassador to Türkiye and Special Envoy for Syria Tom Barrack arrives for his meeting with Lebanon's Prime Minister at the government palace in Beirut on July 21, 2025. (AFP)
US Ambassador to Türkiye and Special Envoy for Syria Tom Barrack arrives for his meeting with Lebanon's Prime Minister at the government palace in Beirut on July 21, 2025. (AFP)
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Barrack Says Lebanon Has an Opportunity; Israel, Not US, Setting Deadline for Hezbollah Disarmament

US Ambassador to Türkiye and Special Envoy for Syria Tom Barrack arrives for his meeting with Lebanon's Prime Minister at the government palace in Beirut on July 21, 2025. (AFP)
US Ambassador to Türkiye and Special Envoy for Syria Tom Barrack arrives for his meeting with Lebanon's Prime Minister at the government palace in Beirut on July 21, 2025. (AFP)

US envoy Tom Barrack concluded his visit to Beirut on Wednesday by reiterating Washington’s stances related to the disarmament of Hezbollah, which he said is the responsibility of the Lebanese government that is obligated to limit the possession of weapons in the country to the state.

He warned that its failure to carry out tangible steps in this regard means that the current situation will persist, including Israeli strikes on southern Lebanon and drones flying over Beirut.

During a small meeting with a group of journalists, including Asharq Al-Awsat, Barrack said he was optimistic about everything.

It is time for the Lebanese government to assume its responsibility towards the agreements it struck in the past, he went on to say.

The government agreed to a number of conditions that may or may not have pleased everyone, he added. He said half of those he is referring to are saying that the current situation is good and will never change. So, let Hezbollah and Israel fight each other down there. That is their business; Beirut is fine.

He added that on the other hand, he saw some people who want change and so they must decide what this change demands.

Lebanon has embarked on a path; it elected a new president, chose a new prime minister and boasts a competent parliament speaker, remarked Barrack.

Lebanon has a new group of ministers who are very competent. Hold them to account, he urged. If there is a law, then someone must implement it. If the law is harsh on a segment of the population, then they must be informed that they are not above the law.

The reason for Lebanon’s success in the past was because everyone worked outside the system. Over time, since the 1970s, people came up with their own interpretations of the law. Courage lies in implementing the law, stressed the envoy.

Failure to do so in all likelihood means that Israeli strikes and drones will not stop. “It’s that simple,” Barrack said.

Surprisingly, he revealed that he sensed during his meetings with a Lebanese “readiness” to normalize relations with Israel. He clarified that none of the officials said this, as the government will always say that it never talks to Israel.

Moreover, Barrack said that Israel has no ambitions in Lebanon. “Who would be dumb enough to believe otherwise?” If Israel really wanted to swallow up Lebanon, it would have done so in a heartbeat. Everybody knows that. The government knows that. This is not what Israel wants, he asserted.

Barrack added that he had the opportunity to sit down with Lebanese ministers and senior officials, expressing his admiration of them.

He said that he believes that everyone, deep down, certainly wants to reach a solution to the conflict in this region.

Asked whether Lebanon has a timeframe to disarm Hezbollah, he replied: “Yes.” Lebanon’s neighbor, Israel, not the United States, is the one who sets that timeframe.

The envoy reiterated that Lebanon stands before an opportunity. “We believe we have an opportunity and that we can help,” he continued. Lebanon can be a link to all neighbors when it is in a good place. With Gulf friends and friends in the West, as well as France, “we can have a real impact on this path.”

But the message remains the same: Lebanon must implement its laws. As long as they are not implemented, then it doesn't matter what it does. Lebanon will not get a single cent in foreign capital, he cautioned.

Barrack speaks to a group of journalists in Beirut, including Asharq Al-Awsat's Thaer Abbas. (Asharq Al-Awsat)

Hezbollah ‘propaganda’

Barrack mocked Hezbollah’s “propaganda” on social media that said the party will not lay down its weapons so that it will be able to “protect” the Lebanese from the “evil Syrians”.

The “evil Syrians” can’t even make it outside of Damascus, he said.

Addressing the Lebanese people, he assured them not be concerned with Iran, Israel or Syria. They should instead be worried about their own internal affairs. If they stick together, then they can control the region.

Barrack also said there was an opportunity to strike a deal now between Hezbollah and Israel. Were he able to talk to Hezbollah, he would have told them so, he remarked.

Furthermore, he said the chances of Iran and the US failing to strike a deal are very slim, so the Lebanese must think about what points related to Hezbollah, Hamas and the Houthis must be included in the deal.

On reforms, he hailed Lebanon’s efforts, saying the banking crisis can be resolved after determining who is to blame for the losses. This happened in the US in 1989 and in other places around the world.

In the past, Lebanon had a group of elites who owned the banks and ran the country. They were the ones who benefited from all the money, even personally. That is why no one took any decision to address the crisis. But now, it seems that Lebanon has a number of people who are ready to do so, said the envoy.

Turning to Syria, Barrack expressed his support to the new Syrian leadership, calling on skeptics to present an alternative.

On Lebanese-Syrian relations, he said the two parties were never enemies. The new leadership has never thought about seizing Lebanese territories as they can barely handle developments taking place in Damascus.

Lebanon, meanwhile, has an opportunity, Barrack stated. Given the Lebanese capabilities, there is an opportunity for development in Syria through Gulf funds.

He noted that the Gulf is pouring funds into the new Syria. Even though interim President Ahmed al-Sharaa had a bad reputation in the beginning, now is the time to move forward.

Perhaps corruption will crop up in the future, but it isn’t there now, he said.

US Ambassador to Türkiye and Special Envoy for Syria Thom Barrack attends an interview with Reuters in Beirut, Lebanon July 22, 2025. (Reuters)

Lebanon, on the other hand, is seen as very complicated for the Arabs, so they decided that they will invest in Syria and shape a new country. Lebanon will benefit the most from this because Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates will pump funds there.

As usual, however, the Lebanese have to decide what to do, he stressed.

Ultimately, relations between Lebanon and Syria boil down to a lack of trust, Barrack said. Agreement between the two sides will be very important. The current leadership is in no way affiliated with the ousted regime, so, from that standpoint, there should be no issue with it.

Patriarch Rahi

Barrack had met on Wednesday with Maronite Patriarch Beshara al-Rahi, who told his guest that the Lebanese people were awaiting the outcomes of his visit.

Barrack responded that he doesn’t know what the ending will look like, but efforts are underway to achieve stability.

He said his visit carried hope, which should be the focus, instead of statements made here and there.

He said he can offer hope, money and support because the Gulf and world stand with Lebanon, while reiterating the demand to limit the possession of arms in the country to the state.

Barrack acknowledged that the situation is complicated for the Lebanese leaders, adding that he will return to Lebanon when the need arises.

The government, meanwhile, must decide what it needs to do. The US is not the only one that wants to help Lebanon, but the Gulf and neighbors too, but to do so, the Lebanese people must achieve stability, he urged.



Baghdad Secures Limited US Approval for Iranian Flights

 An Airbus A340-600 operated by Iran’s Mahan Air. (File photo/Reuters)
An Airbus A340-600 operated by Iran’s Mahan Air. (File photo/Reuters)
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Baghdad Secures Limited US Approval for Iranian Flights

 An Airbus A340-600 operated by Iran’s Mahan Air. (File photo/Reuters)
An Airbus A340-600 operated by Iran’s Mahan Air. (File photo/Reuters)

Under pressure from armed factions, Prime Minister Ali al-Zaidi’s government secured US approval for Iranian airlines, excluding Mahan Air, to operate 40 daily flights to and from Najaf airport, drawing praise from Iran-aligned figures and groups in Iraq.

The US Treasury Department issued a tightly restricted, one-month license last Tuesday, allowing Iraqi Airways to fly to Iran exclusively from Najaf airport.

It did not cover Iranian airlines operating flights in the opposite direction. The license also strictly limited eligible passengers to specified categories, including students, patients and visitors to religious sites.

The prime minister’s media office said in a statement that al-Zaidi had undertaken “close follow-up and a series of contacts” before securing a US license allowing Iranian airlines to resume flights to and from Najaf International Airport.

“The efforts resulted in an agreement allowing Iranian airlines, excluding Mahan Air, to operate 40 flights daily to and from Najaf International Airport,” it said.

According to the statement, al-Zaidi welcomed “the US government’s positive response to Iraqi efforts and its cooperation in granting the requested exemption, helping resolve this issue and facilitate travel for pilgrims and other passengers, particularly those traveling for treatment, religious visits and tourism.”

“Air traffic is more than transport between two airports; it is a bridge connecting peoples,” the statement quoted al-Zaidi as saying.

“Among the passengers are patients waiting to reach treatment facilities, pilgrims heading to holy shrines and families waiting to reunite easily, alongside the importance of these flights for tourism, the economy and social ties.”

It remains unclear whether the new US license will be open-ended or expire on Oct. 28, as stipulated in Washington’s initial authorization.

Sources told Asharq Al-Awsat, however, that the license grants specific exemptions for humanitarian needs, medical treatment, education and religious tourism. Its primary purpose is to facilitate travel between the two countries for Iranian and Iraqi passengers and pilgrims.

Transporting cash

Even under the new license, sources said, the ban will remain in force on transporting large amounts of cash or shipping goods intended for the Revolutionary Guards, the military, or Iranian entities under US sanctions.

The exemption also prohibits “the export or re-export of any technology or software to Iran” and permits only personal baggage and aviation safety supplies, the sources said.

Al-Zaidi’s government had faced fierce criticism from Iran-aligned factions, political figures and sympathizers in Iraq over its compliance with US Treasury sanctions on Iranian civilian airlines.

Some staged protests denouncing the government and threatened to shut all airports if it maintained its position.

That stance shifted today, with the same groups beginning to praise the government’s efforts after it secured the US exemption.

A member of the Coordination Framework who heads the Imam Ali Brigades praised the government’s efforts, as did Badr Organization leader Hadi al-Amiri, who welcomed the work that led to the resumption of Iranian flights to Najaf airport.

Disarming the factions

Separately, groups within the Coordination Framework renewed their full support for the government's efforts to bring all weapons under state control and to disarm the factions. They also backed the continued work of a four-member committee previously formed by the alliance to resolve the weapons issue.

The ruling alliance met on Friday evening, with al-Zaidi attending, to discuss current political and security developments and priorities following “Sovereignty Day.” The term refers to Sept. 30, when US-led international coalition forces withdrew from Iraq after a mission to help the country fight ISIS.

The secretary-general of Kataib Hezbollah, Abu Hussein al-Hamidawi, announced the day after the coalition’s withdrawal “a complete halt to all military operations and mobile logistical activities.”


‘Between the Lines’: Lebanon’s Constitution Under the Microscope at 100

The presidential palace in Lebanon (National News Agency)
The presidential palace in Lebanon (National News Agency)
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‘Between the Lines’: Lebanon’s Constitution Under the Microscope at 100

The presidential palace in Lebanon (National News Agency)
The presidential palace in Lebanon (National News Agency)

Lebanon’s Culture Ministry is putting the constitution under the microscope on its centenary, urging citizens, especially young people, to examine their rights and the gap between the text and a century of political practice.

The aim is to help Lebanese people read between the lines to understand “their constitutional rights and the political system it established,” Culture Minister Ghassan Salame told Asharq Al-Awsat.

It also seeks to “open a debate about the gap between what the constitution stipulates and what has been implemented over a hundred years, exploring the relationship between the constitutional text and political practice in the country,” he said.

The centenary events begin with an exhibition titled “Between the Lines of the Constitution,” as Lebanon debates its political system and how its institutions function.

Drafting of the 1926 constitution began under the French mandate. Its draft then underwent extensive debate and consultation involving Lebanese figures.

Contrary to an easy assumption, it did not copy the French constitution. France had a parliamentary system; Lebanon’s was parliamentary in name, presidential in practice.

From the 1926 constitution to the Taif Agreement

The exhibition opens on Oct. 8 and runs through the end of the year. Tracing the constitution’s history, Salame stressed that its origins under the French mandate did not make it a replica of France’s constitution.

“After independence, the constitution underwent various amendments, some aimed at removing the vestiges of the mandate. The most significant came in 1990, following the adoption of the Document of National Accord, the Taif Agreement,” he said.

The Taif Agreement’s importance, Salame said, lies in having “incorporated its proposed amendments into the constitution itself.”

“If someone wants to take a major step that would contravene the constitution, that requires a special vote,” he said. “This respects the constitution. Implicitly, the political authorities acknowledge that there is a book they must respect, rather than doing whatever they please.”

Constitutional breaches and political exceptions

Salame also pointed to cases he considers constitutional breaches, urging Lebanese people to learn about them and debate them as part of their understanding of the constitution.

He cited exceptional amendments that allowed a president to be elected outside the timeframe or conditions set by the constitutional text.

He warned against treating breaches lightly or turning exceptions into routine political practice. Departures from the text should not become the rule through repetition or appeals to political necessity, he said.

Salame also cited political understandings reached outside the constitutional text. Among them was the “troika,” an arrangement among the president, parliament speaker and prime minister in the 1990s that concentrated key decisions in their hands.

Another was the 2008 Doha Agreement, which left no constitutional imprint comparable to that of the Taif Agreement.

“A political understanding does not, in itself, acquire constitutional status unless it is translated into a constitutional text,” he said.

Reading the constitution closely

The exhibition began with a basic question, Salame said: How well do Lebanese people know their constitution?

“That is why, for the first time, we have brought original documents held in France, including the document signed by the French high commissioner, and other documents that Lebanese people will be able to see for the first time,” he said.

The exhibition will go beyond historical documents. It will offer a detailed reading of the constitution in accessible language — an approach reflected in its title, “Between the Lines of the Constitution.”

“We want to make the constitution part of Lebanese citizens’ political culture,” Salame said.

Constitutional conventions and interpreting the text

“No country relies solely on the text. There are constitutional conventions,” Salame said.

But he stressed the distinction between constitutional conventions and political practice.

Repeating a practice does not automatically make it a constitutional rule.

“I want Lebanese people to think: Was this justified? Was it legitimate? These questions must be asked,” he said.

Constitutional rights and freedoms

“The constitution not only organizes the political system. It also sets out fundamental rights,” Salame said.

He highlighted freedom of belief and expression, saying their survival through Lebanon’s crises and wars is a central part of its constitutional experience.

“It is no small matter that, after 50 years of all the calamities that have struck Lebanon, everyone can still speak freely, and freedom of opinion and belief remains a constitutionally acquired right that we refuse to relinquish. That is something great,” he said.

Documents from the republic’s founding

Some original documents were borrowed from France and elsewhere, Salame said. They will be returned to their owners or the institutions that hold them after the exhibition closes. The National Library will retain facsimile copies.

The Culture Ministry is targeting young people, particularly school students, seeking to turn the centenary from a historical commemoration into an opportunity to understand Lebanon’s constitutional system.

Salame said the exhibition would remain open through the end of the year, with efforts underway to add afternoon hours for school and student visits.


Israel Targets Top Hamas Leader in Deadly Gaza Strike on Anniversary

Palestinians inspect the rubble of a residential apartment following an Israeli air strike in the west of Gaza City on 03 October 2026. (EPA)
Palestinians inspect the rubble of a residential apartment following an Israeli air strike in the west of Gaza City on 03 October 2026. (EPA)
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Israel Targets Top Hamas Leader in Deadly Gaza Strike on Anniversary

Palestinians inspect the rubble of a residential apartment following an Israeli air strike in the west of Gaza City on 03 October 2026. (EPA)
Palestinians inspect the rubble of a residential apartment following an Israeli air strike in the west of Gaza City on 03 October 2026. (EPA)

Israel said on Saturday that it attempted to kill Hamas's top leader in the Gaza Strip in an airstrike on an apartment that local officials said killed five people, four of them women.

The pre-dawn strike came on the anniversary according to the Jewish calendar of the October 7, 2023 attack, the deadliest-ever day for Israel which retaliated with a devastating offensive in Gaza.

The Israeli military said it aimed to kill Ali al-Amoudi, describing him as the "right-hand man" of slain Hamas chief Yahya Sinwar and saying he was involved in planning the October 7 attack.

Israel said it was reviewing whether it killed or injured him.

It said it targeted him after learning that he was inside an apartment building, saying it showed that Hamas was using civilians as human shields.

"Today, al-Amoudi is the most senior Hamas figure in the Gaza Strip and is directly involved in Hamas's terror activities and in rebuilding the organization for war. The terrorist was struck in order to remove the threat," a military statement said.

"Steps were taken to mitigate harm to civilians, including the use of precise munitions," the military said, adding it "regrets any harm caused to uninvolved individuals".

Israel killed Sinwar in Gaza in October 2024, in what many Israelis saw as a major symbolic victory, although Israel has vowed to keep destroying Hamas even since a US-brokered ceasefire was declared a year ago.

Amoudi is considered Hamas's top person in the Gaza Strip. The movement's leader Khalil al-Haya lives in Qatar and has tried to maneuver diplomatically to Hamas's advantage.

Haya agreed in July to a US plan for Hamas to give up its weapons, in what President Donald Trump hailed as a breakthrough but Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu dismissed as insincere.

An official at Gaza City's Al-Shifa hospital told AFP it received at dawn the bodies of five people and a number of injured following an airstrike in the Rimal neighborhood.

It said the dead were two women and their daughters, as well as a man.

Mahmoud Bassal, the spokesman for the civil defense agency which operates as a rescue force under Hamas authority, said two missiles directly hit the apartment, causing a fire and damaging the building.

Mourners gathered later on Saturday at the small Greek Orthodox church of Saint Porphyrius in Gaza City for the funeral of the two women, identified as 56-year-old Maysaa Abu Daoud and her 36-year-old daughter Mary Al-Najjar.

Ihab Ayad, a relative of the women, said that they had been "minding their own business" at home when Israel carried out the strike.

"We didn't hurl stones or fire rockets. If any child among us carries a stone, they call him a terrorist, a murderer. But they possess the most powerful arsenal and destroy everything," he said.

The Hamas-led October 7 attack killed 1,221 people, according to an AFP tally based on official Israeli figures.

The massive Israeli offensive in response has left most of Gaza in ruins and killed more than 74,200 people, according to Gaza's health ministry, which is under Hamas authority and whose figures are considered reliable by the United Nations.

Israeli forces have killed more than 1,440 people since the announcement of the ceasefire a year ago, according to Gaza's health ministry.

The Israeli military has identified five deaths in its ranks over the same period, as well as the death of one civilian contractor.