Baghdad Bolsters Deployment in 'Vulnerable' Areas, Warns Armed Factions

A member of the Iraqi security forces patrols a street in Baghdad. (AFP file)
A member of the Iraqi security forces patrols a street in Baghdad. (AFP file)
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Baghdad Bolsters Deployment in 'Vulnerable' Areas, Warns Armed Factions

A member of the Iraqi security forces patrols a street in Baghdad. (AFP file)
A member of the Iraqi security forces patrols a street in Baghdad. (AFP file)

An Iraqi military spokesman said security forces were ready to stop attacks on neighboring countries from Iraqi territory, as Baghdad presses ahead with a plan to bring all weapons under state control by September 30, which is also the deadline for ending the mission of the US-led international coalition.

The comments came amid reports that Iraqi forces had deployed to unoccupied areas near the country’s borders to prevent them from being used as launch points for attacks.

Sabah al-Numan, spokesman for the commander-in-chief of the armed forces, said in televised remarks that after September 30 there would be no weapons outside state control and no military decisions beyond government authority.

“Iraq’s borders with neighboring countries are fully secured,” al-Numan said, adding that Prime Minister Ali al-Zaidi rejected the politicization of security issues or political interference in the work of security institutions.

Al-Numan also said Iraq currently had no partnership with Iranian advisers.

Iran had said through state media that officers from the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps were killed in airstrikes by the United States and Saudi Arabia against Iran-aligned militias on Iraqi territory.

Saudi Defense Ministry spokesman Major General Turki al-Malki said the strikes were in response to drone attacks intercepted and destroyed on July 27 and 28 before they could target oil facilities in the Eastern Region and Riyadh region.

Al-Numan said any threat launched from Iraqi territory against neighboring countries would be considered an illegal act and those responsible would face firm legal action.

He said the decision to go to war was a sovereign one held by PM al-Zaidi in his capacity as also Commander-in-Chief. He added that no party would be allowed to dictate decisions to the government.

Security gaps

Meanwhile, security forces went on alert in several parts of Baghdad, with field and political sources saying the deployments were prompted by information about possible activity by armed factions.

Reports in Baghdad on Thursday evening said al-Zaidi had ordered the Counter-Terrorism Service to redeploy, while all security forces were instructed to raise their combat readiness.

The moves came hours after Supreme Judicial Council President Faiq Zidan held separate meetings with Lieutenant General Abdul Amir al-Shammari, director of the Office of the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, and Lieutenant General Zaid Houshi, head of the Counter-Terrorism Service. No details of the meetings were announced.

Security sources said the deployments were intended to close security gaps, with forces focusing on desert areas along Iraq’s borders with neighboring countries.

By early Friday, field sources said security forces had returned to their normal positions after receiving information that armed factions had either backed down or postponed their plans.

Government stance

Politically, people close to PM al-Zaidi said he was increasingly seeking to strengthen the authority of Iraq’s security and military institutions through appointments within the Office of the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces.

The office appears to be taking on a broader role in place of the Joint Operations Command as part of an effort to tighten control and unify security decision-making.

Political sources said al-Zaidi was seeking to retain control of the defense and interior ministries, which he currently oversees in an acting capacity, for as long as possible, particularly as political forces remain divided over vacant cabinet posts.

The drive to bring weapons under state control, however, still faces political and security challenges, leading experts to anticipate sharply different outcomes once the September deadline passes.

Public debate in Iraq has increasingly centered on the fate of the plan, which is openly opposed by Iran-aligned factions including Kataib Hezbollah, Harakat al-Nujaba and Kataib Sayyid al-Shuhada.

Experts say that opposition raises the possibility of military friction between the factions and security forces.

Hussein Allawi, a security affairs expert, told Asharq Al-Awsat that the Iraqi government would continue political dialogue with the factions even after the deadline, with support from allied political forces.

But he said the authorities would also use “all tools of law enforcement,” describing such measures as normal for any state seeking to preserve stability and civil peace and confront internal or external threats.

“It is too early to speak of a confrontation between the government and the armed factions because of shifts in the regional conflict and the domestic balance of power,” Allawi said.

“But what happens after September 30 will depend on the behavior of the armed factions.”

Ghaleb al-Daami, a media professor at Mustansiriyah University, told Asharq Al-Awsat that a confrontation could not be ruled out, but said that if one took place, it was unlikely to be intense or prolonged because the factions’ ability to use their traditional tools had diminished.

Al-Daami pointed to the ruling State Administration Coalition’s latest stance, describing it as the “final blow to the factions and uncontrolled weapons” after the coalition said anyone carrying arms would be dealt with under the counter-terrorism law.

Al-Zaidi chaired the coalition meeting on Wednesday. Present were the president of Iraq, president of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, parliament speaker and president of the Supreme Judicial Council.



New Battlefronts in Yemen Leave Houthis in Disarray

Armed forces celebrate their advances in al-Jawf. (X)
Armed forces celebrate their advances in al-Jawf. (X)
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New Battlefronts in Yemen Leave Houthis in Disarray

Armed forces celebrate their advances in al-Jawf. (X)
Armed forces celebrate their advances in al-Jawf. (X)

The Yemeni army and the National Resistance made progress on the ground on Monday across fronts in the Taiz, al-Bayda, and al-Jawf governorates, amid successive collapses and retreats among the Houthis. Al-Jawf is witnessing tribal mobilization in support of government forces following their field advances.

Yemeni army media announced that government forces secured a tactical breakthrough on the al-Bayda front, successfully liberating the Hayd al-Khazzan and al-Falhan areas up to the al-Nasifa region. The development allows the forces an advantage to sever Houthi supply lines between the central and southern governorates.

The advance coincided with the establishment of control over all hills and plateaus overlooking the al-Zaher district.

The director of media for the al-Bayda governorate, Aref Al-Amari, confirmed that the armed forces have tightened their control over the strategic highlands overlooking al-Zaher.

He noted that forces are currently combing al-Nasifa in preparation for an advance toward the Dhi Naem area, a development that strengthens the position of government forces in the governorate.

Spokesman for the Yemeni armed forces Colonel Maeen al-Nuzaili said the forces are achieving progress and victories on the al-Jawf and al-Bayda fronts as part of operations "aimed at restoring state institutions and ending the Houthi coup."

He called on the group's operatives to abandon their positions with their light weapons to save their lives.

On the western front, the Joint Forces managed to secure a vital artery in al-Kadha connecting Taiz city to the western coast, following the defeat of Houthis stationed in the controlling highlands.

Government forces targeted massive Houthi military reinforcements west of Taiz city, leaving heavy losses in lives and equipment.

Comprising more than 21 military vehicles, they were heading to support the al-Barh and Maqbanah fronts.

Meanwhile, tribes were mobilizing in al-Jawf to support the armed forces against the Houthis. According to local sources, the tribes moved toward the al-Yatma district.


Assad-era Syrian Reactor was Configured for Nuclear Weapons, IAEA Chief Says

The logo of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) at the organization's headquarters in Vienna, Austria, March 6, 2023 (Reuters)
The logo of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) at the organization's headquarters in Vienna, Austria, March 6, 2023 (Reuters)
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Assad-era Syrian Reactor was Configured for Nuclear Weapons, IAEA Chief Says

The logo of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) at the organization's headquarters in Vienna, Austria, March 6, 2023 (Reuters)
The logo of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) at the organization's headquarters in Vienna, Austria, March 6, 2023 (Reuters)

The Assad-era government in Syria was constructing a nuclear reactor that was configured to produce fissile material for possible use in nuclear weapons, the head of the International Atomic Energy Agency said on Monday.

The “configuration” and the “technical features” of the nuclear reactor under construction in Syria during the leadership of ousted former President Bashar Assad were “very efficient in the production of fissile material that could be directly used for the fabrication of nuclear weapons,” IAEA director general Rafael Grossi said.

“Of course, that was never declared, that was always denied, so, and again, intentions cannot be judged, but that was a very serious proliferation concern that we had, and this has been difficult work,” he told reporters on the first day of a regular meeting of the IAEA Board of Governors, in Vienna.

Syria was believed to have operated an extensive undeclared nuclear program under Assad that included a nuclear reactor built by North Korea in eastern Deir Ezzor province.

Following Assad’s ouster, the new government agreed to give IAEA inspectors access to suspected former nuclear sites.

During a visit to Syria in August, IAEA inspectors confirmed that “the cooling infrastructure which has now been uncovered is consistent with that of a nuclear reactor.” Grossi and a team of senior inspectors also visited a previously undeclared site in the country.

Syria notified the agency of the site’s existence in a July 17 letter and invited the IAEA “to cooperate with the Syrian authorities in the inspection and verification of the site and of any nuclear material to be potentially found.”

The IAEA said in its confidential report circulated to member states last Tuesday and seen by The Associated Press that this new site contained “natural uranium metal in the form of fuel rods with cladding.” The agency verified the material and confirmed “the presence of around 73 tonnes of natural uranium metal.”

Grossi said when the inspectors visited the site in August they had to “tear down walls” and go through “very difficult and narrow passages” to reach the nuclear material that had been hidden. The site had “boxes scattered all over the place,” he said.

Grossi said that “the important thing is that this material now is under safeguards” of the IAEA, adding that agency inspectors had managed to install cameras at the location, The AP reported.

Asked if the nuclear material will remain in Syria or be removed, Grossi said that this is “a matter that the Syrian government will have to decide.” He added: “We are not requesting them to do this or to do that. For us what’s important is that we know all the time where this (material) is until the last gram.”

Logan Mintz, a director for nuclear materials security at the Washington-based Nuclear Threat Initiative, said that natural uranium metal is not directly usable for a nuclear weapon but it could be “diverted to a covert weapons program that further processes it into plutonium for a nuclear weapon.”

She said that once deemed safe to move, the material could be “transported in certified containers” to a third country that can “safely and securely disposition it into a more chemically stable and more widely used form” for possible use in nuclear power plants.

“As with any transport of nuclear material, this movement would require robust security from theft or sabotage,” she said.


Syria Arrests Assad-era General Accused of Deadly Repression

A large Syrian flag flutters above Tishreen Park in Damascus, June 4, 2025. (AFP)
A large Syrian flag flutters above Tishreen Park in Damascus, June 4, 2025. (AFP)
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Syria Arrests Assad-era General Accused of Deadly Repression

A large Syrian flag flutters above Tishreen Park in Damascus, June 4, 2025. (AFP)
A large Syrian flag flutters above Tishreen Park in Damascus, June 4, 2025. (AFP)

Syrian authorities on Monday said they had arrested a former general accused of involvement in the bloody repression of protests in 2011 that sparked the country's civil war and the 1982 Hama massacre.

In a statement, security forces said they "arrested former Major General Mohammed Ali Durgham, a prominent officer in the military establishment during the era of the former regime" of Bashar al-Assad, who was ousted in 2024.

They accused him of "issuing direct orders to his units to fire on unarmed demonstrators in the Damascus countryside" after anti-Assad protests had erupted in 2011.

Durgham was a field commander in the army's feared Fourth Division, commanded by Assad's brother Maher al-Assad, between 2009 and 2013.

Human Rights Watch in 2011 quoted a Syrian army defector who said that Durgham was one of the generals who "ordered the troops to shoot at protesters when his unit was deployed to areas in and just outside of Damascus".

He has been under European Union sanctions since 2012.

Bashar al-Assad's crackdown turned the nationwide movement into a 13-year-long civil war that killed more than half a million people.

Authorities said Durgham had started "as a squad commander in the Defense Brigades during the events in Hama Governorate in 1982".

On February 2, 1982, amid an information blackout, Assad's father and then-Syrian president Hafez al-Assad launched a brutal crackdown in the central Syrian city of Hama against an armed Muslim Brotherhood revolt.

Survivors who witnessed extrajudicial executions told AFP that the authorities spared no one, with government forces killing men, women and children.

The death toll of the 27 days of violence has never been formally established, though estimates usually range from 10,000 to 40,000, with some going higher still.

Since Bashar al-Assad's overthrow in December 2024, Syria's new authorities have arrested dozens of former security officials, and trials began in April.

In August, Syria sentenced Bashar al-Assad, his brother Maher al-Assad and five other security officials to death in absentia for atrocities committed during the civil war, the first such ruling under the new authorities.

The former president fled Syria as his government was falling and is believed to be living in Russia.