IMF Says Saudi Economic, Fiscal Position 'Strong'

The Kingdom was the fastest-growing G20 economy in 2022. (SPA)
The Kingdom was the fastest-growing G20 economy in 2022. (SPA)
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IMF Says Saudi Economic, Fiscal Position 'Strong'

The Kingdom was the fastest-growing G20 economy in 2022. (SPA)
The Kingdom was the fastest-growing G20 economy in 2022. (SPA)

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) issued a report stating that the Saudi economy has been witnessing growth and prosperity and that the Kingdom's fiscal position is strong, expecting the non-oil economy to maintain strong momentum.

The IMF praised the progress Saudi Arabia has made in implementing its Saudi Vision 2030 reform agenda.

In a statement concluding the 2023 Article IV Consultation discussions with the Kingdom, the Fund lauded the acceleration of the Kingdom’s digital transformation, the increase in female participation in the labor market, reforms in the regulatory and business environment, ongoing efforts to invest in human capital, and the continuous growth of non-oil GDP.

The report commended the Kingdom’s continuing efforts to complete economic and financial reforms and achieve Saudi Vision 2030 targets.

"Saudi Arabia was the fastest-growing G20 economy in 2022," with a rate of 8.7 percent, and with non-oil GDP growing at about 4.8 percent.

With the unemployment rate at 8 percent, the report noted that “the Saudi unemployment rate is at a historical low”.

It added that the participation of Saudi women in the labor market has reached record levels at about 37 percent (from 18 percent in 2017), exceeding the target of 30 percent envisioned by Saudi Vision 2030.

The report also welcomed the ongoing national efforts to enhance women's contribution to supporting the national economy.

In addition, the Fund praised the Kingdom's efforts to contain inflation that has cast a shadow over the global economy.

“Average CPI grew by 2.5 percent y-o-y in 2022, in part contained by domestic subsidies/price cap and a strong US dollar. Despite an uptick in early 2023 to 3.4 percent y-o-y, headline inflation is back at 2.8 percent y-o-y in May 2023.”

The IMF emphasized that the continuation of Vision 2030 reforms represents progress in advancing the country’s economic diversification programs to reduce its dependence on oil.

It projected a continuation of the strong momentum of non-oil GDP growth, and that average growth will reach 4.9 percent in 2023, driven by strong consumption spending, increase private investment through projects and programs that enhance the growth of the private sector in addition to the accelerated projects implementation, which will reflect positively on the growth of non-oil GDP, the IMF said.

The report also welcomed the ongoing reform efforts within the framework of the Fiscal Sustainability Program, including improving non-oil revenues, rationalizing spending, and strengthening the public finance framework.

It noted the low and sustainable debt levels and the availability of a strong fiscal space while praising the remarkable progress in public finance transparency through the expanded budget statement and other detailed reports.

IMF stressed that the Kingdom's monetary policy (fixed exchange rate) is appropriate and serves the Kingdom's economy and that the performance of the banking sector remains strong during the current year, thanks to the continuous efforts of the Saudi Central Bank (SAMA) to modernize the regulatory and supervisory frameworks.

This contributed to the achievement of high profitability rates (higher than pre-pandemic levels), in addition to high capital adequacy ratios and low non-performing (NPL) loan ratios.

The report further welcomed the efforts of the Saudi Central Bank to promote the Kingdom as a fintech hub.

Moreover, the report praised the persistent efforts by the Kingdom’s government to enhance governance, fight corruption, and confront the challenges of climate change.

It hailed the plans being implemented to increase renewable energy, the Kingdom's goal to become the largest producer of clean hydrogen in the world, and the tangible role of the Saudi Green Initiative (SGI) in reducing carbon emissions, expecting that these efforts will contribute to reducing emissions to the target level for the year 2030, and indicating that the Kingdom recorded the second-lowest emissions globally per unit produced.

In addition, the report noted the positive transformation in the Saudi housing sector through several programs that contributed to an increase in the percentage of home ownership to 60.6 percent in 2022, in pursuit of the Vision 2030 goal of 70 percent by 2030.

It also stressed the importance of industrial policies in the success of the Kingdom’s efforts toward structural transformation and diversification under Saudi Vision 2030.

Saudi Arabia's digital transformation efforts earned recognition, with high rankings in global digitization metrics. Digital progress has improved financial inclusion, the resilience of the financial sector, and government effectiveness.

Saudi Vision 2030 played a pivotal role in accelerating the pace of digital transformation, according to the IMF.

Commenting on the results of the IMF’s report, the Minister of Finance Mohammed Al-Jadaan welcomed the praise for the reforms witnessed by the Saudi economy and the Kingdom’s continuous efforts to carry out economic and financial reforms.

He noted the Fund’s reference to the Kingdom’s solid fiscal position and the progress it has achieved in the transparency of public finances, in addition to its financial policies and reforms that have supported fiscal policy and mitigated risks.

Jadaan remarked that the report highlighted both current indicators and positive future prospects for the Saudi economy, as well as the continuous progress in implementing the Saudi Vision 2030 agenda and economic transformation.

The IMF stressed the success of the Kingdom’s economy in facing challenges and maintaining financial sustainability that contributed to enhancing its durability and strength while noting the prominent role of economic and structural reforms conducted by the government which achieved sustainable and inclusive economic growth, he said.

A concluding statement was previously issued by the International Monetary Fund's Staff mission following the conclusion of the Article IV Consultations with the Kingdom's government for 2023, and this new IMF report confirms the results of the previous statement.



Riyadh to Add 94 New Trains to Boost Transport Capacity

A Riyadh Metro train travels through the Saudi capital. (SPA)
A Riyadh Metro train travels through the Saudi capital. (SPA)
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Riyadh to Add 94 New Trains to Boost Transport Capacity

A Riyadh Metro train travels through the Saudi capital. (SPA)
A Riyadh Metro train travels through the Saudi capital. (SPA)

The Royal Commission for Riyadh City has signed contracts to procure and manufacture 94 new trains for the capital’s metro network, increasing its fleet to 277 from 183, with deliveries scheduled to begin in batches in 2028.

The new trains are expected to boost the network’s overall passenger capacity by 57%, with increases varying by line: 142% on the red line, 116% on the yellow line, 57% on the blue line, 27% on the orange line and 16% on the purple line. Additional capacity will be allocated according to ridership and projected demand.

The expansion comes as the Riyadh Metro has recorded about 275 million passenger trips since December 2024. Average monthly ridership in 2026 has risen by around 25% compared with the same period in 2025.

The investment is intended to accommodate anticipated growth in travel demand as Riyadh expands and prepares to host major international events, including Expo 2030 and the 2034 FIFA World Cup.

Germany’s Siemens and France’s Alstom are carrying out the contracts, which are worth more than $5 billion in total and cover train manufacturing, systems and equipment, maintenance, training and other technical and operational services.

The trains will be delivered in stages as manufacturing is completed, then undergo testing and operational trials before gradually entering service.

The investment is part of broader efforts to develop Riyadh’s transport infrastructure, including public transit, roads and intersections, to meet the needs of the capital’s growing population and urban expansion.


Copper Steadies as Dollar Strength Counters Chile Supply Worries

Stacks of copper cathodes sit inside Glencore's Canadian Copper Refinery in Montreal, Quebec, Canada on October 3, 2026. (Photo by ANDREJ IVANOV / AFP)
Stacks of copper cathodes sit inside Glencore's Canadian Copper Refinery in Montreal, Quebec, Canada on October 3, 2026. (Photo by ANDREJ IVANOV / AFP)
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Copper Steadies as Dollar Strength Counters Chile Supply Worries

Stacks of copper cathodes sit inside Glencore's Canadian Copper Refinery in Montreal, Quebec, Canada on October 3, 2026. (Photo by ANDREJ IVANOV / AFP)
Stacks of copper cathodes sit inside Glencore's Canadian Copper Refinery in Montreal, Quebec, Canada on October 3, 2026. (Photo by ANDREJ IVANOV / AFP)

Copper prices ‌held nearly steady on Tuesday as a strong US dollar countered support from supply concerns in top producer Chile.

Benchmark three-month copper on the London Metal Exchange was little changed at $14,628.00 a metric ton by 0700 GMT, after hitting a two-week high in the previous session, said Reuters.

The most-traded copper contract on the Shanghai Futures Exchange edged 0.2% higher to 110,990 yuan a ton.

The dollar took ‌a breather ‌but hovered near an 18-month high, ‌underpinned ⁠by safe-haven demand ⁠amid escalating tensions in the Middle East. A stronger greenback makes dollar-denominated metals more expensive for holders of other currencies.

Supply concerns remained in focus after Chilean state miner Codelco partially suspended operations at its El Teniente mine following a landslide, ⁠while Antofagasta's Centinela copper mine and two ‌unions were set ‌to resume talks as a strike continued.

Copper inventories outside ‌the United States have declined in recent ‌months as shipments were diverted to the country ahead of potential tariffs on refined copper imports.

Analysts at BMI raised their average copper price forecast for 2026 ‌to $13,500 per ton from $12,700, citing tariff-related market distortions and persistent supply constraints.

"For the ⁠remainder ⁠of the year, prices are set to oscillate sharply in response to tariff-policy headlines, with the eventual US decision likely to dictate near-term price direction," BMI said.

Among LME metals, aluminium was down 0.4% at $3,039 after touching an eight-month low on Monday, zinc lost 0.7% to $3,729.50, lead rose 0.4% to $1,891, nickel gained 0.2% to $15,640 and tin eased 0.6% to $52,870.

Among SHFE metals, aluminium slipped 1.1%, zinc fell 1.7%, lead rose 1.3%, nickel dipped 0.1% and tin dropped 0.4%.


IMF Forecasts Saudi Economy to Grow 7.9% in 2027

General view of the Kingdom Tower in downtown Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, October 12, 2026. Picture taken with a mobile phone. REUTERS
General view of the Kingdom Tower in downtown Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, October 12, 2026. Picture taken with a mobile phone. REUTERS
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IMF Forecasts Saudi Economy to Grow 7.9% in 2027

General view of the Kingdom Tower in downtown Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, October 12, 2026. Picture taken with a mobile phone. REUTERS
General view of the Kingdom Tower in downtown Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, October 12, 2026. Picture taken with a mobile phone. REUTERS

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) expects the Saudi economy to record strong growth of 7.9 percent in 2027, reflecting a projected recovery in energy production and exports, as well as the gradual restoration of regional trade flows as war-related disruptions ease and the Strait of Hormuz reopens under the report’s baseline scenario.

The forecast highlights the Saudi economy’s ability to regain momentum after the pressures caused this year by disruptions to energy production and transportation. Saudi Arabia is expected to benefit from its diversified oil export routes and infrastructure, which allow part of its exports to be shipped via the Red Sea rather than through the Strait of Hormuz.

In its October World Economic Outlook, the IMF projected that Saudi Arabia’s economy would contract by 3.3 percent in 2026 before rebounding to 7.9 percent growth in 2027.

In its April forecasts, the Fund had expected growth of 3.1 percent in 2026 and 4.5 percent in 2027, reflecting a significant shift in projections due to developments in the conflict and assumptions regarding the resumption of economic activity.

Export Infrastructure Supports Economic Resilience

Saudi Arabia benefits from alternative oil-export outlets, most notably the East-West Pipeline, which transports crude oil from the Eastern Province to the Red Sea port of Yanbu with a capacity of approximately 7 million barrels per day.

The Kingdom aims to raise pipeline capacity to 10 million barrels per day, enhancing the flexibility of its export system in the face of maritime disruptions.

These alternatives strengthen Saudi Arabia’s ability to mitigate the impact of shipping interruptions on oil flows. Under the IMF’s forecasts, the gradual recovery of production and exports is expected to support economic activity next year.

Gulf Recovery Driven by Rebound in Energy Production

The strong growth forecast is not limited to Saudi Arabia. The IMF also expects several Gulf economies to recover sharply in 2027 as production, exports, and logistics services rebound.
Projected growth rates for 2027 are Qatar 18.8%, Kuwait 17.1%, Bahrain 13.9%, the United Arab Emirates 7.7% and Oman 2.2%.

These forecasts follow severe pressure during 2026, when the IMF expects Kuwait’s economy to contract by 16.7%, Qatar’s economy by 15.6%, Bahrain’s economy by 11.3% and the UAE economy to contract by 3.9%.

Meanwhile, Oman is expected to achieve growth of 4.1 percent in 2026.

The IMF’s baseline scenario assumes that the Strait of Hormuz will begin reopening in March 2027, with a broad return to pre-war conditions by October 2027. This would allow energy flows, shipping, insurance services, and payment systems to recover gradually.

The pace of this recovery remains dependent on the course of the conflict and the stability of maritime navigation. Nevertheless, Saudi Arabia’s diversified export routes provide an important buffer, enhancing the economy’s capacity to absorb shocks and restore growth as regional conditions improve.