IMF Says Saudi Economic, Fiscal Position 'Strong'

The Kingdom was the fastest-growing G20 economy in 2022. (SPA)
The Kingdom was the fastest-growing G20 economy in 2022. (SPA)
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IMF Says Saudi Economic, Fiscal Position 'Strong'

The Kingdom was the fastest-growing G20 economy in 2022. (SPA)
The Kingdom was the fastest-growing G20 economy in 2022. (SPA)

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) issued a report stating that the Saudi economy has been witnessing growth and prosperity and that the Kingdom's fiscal position is strong, expecting the non-oil economy to maintain strong momentum.

The IMF praised the progress Saudi Arabia has made in implementing its Saudi Vision 2030 reform agenda.

In a statement concluding the 2023 Article IV Consultation discussions with the Kingdom, the Fund lauded the acceleration of the Kingdom’s digital transformation, the increase in female participation in the labor market, reforms in the regulatory and business environment, ongoing efforts to invest in human capital, and the continuous growth of non-oil GDP.

The report commended the Kingdom’s continuing efforts to complete economic and financial reforms and achieve Saudi Vision 2030 targets.

"Saudi Arabia was the fastest-growing G20 economy in 2022," with a rate of 8.7 percent, and with non-oil GDP growing at about 4.8 percent.

With the unemployment rate at 8 percent, the report noted that “the Saudi unemployment rate is at a historical low”.

It added that the participation of Saudi women in the labor market has reached record levels at about 37 percent (from 18 percent in 2017), exceeding the target of 30 percent envisioned by Saudi Vision 2030.

The report also welcomed the ongoing national efforts to enhance women's contribution to supporting the national economy.

In addition, the Fund praised the Kingdom's efforts to contain inflation that has cast a shadow over the global economy.

“Average CPI grew by 2.5 percent y-o-y in 2022, in part contained by domestic subsidies/price cap and a strong US dollar. Despite an uptick in early 2023 to 3.4 percent y-o-y, headline inflation is back at 2.8 percent y-o-y in May 2023.”

The IMF emphasized that the continuation of Vision 2030 reforms represents progress in advancing the country’s economic diversification programs to reduce its dependence on oil.

It projected a continuation of the strong momentum of non-oil GDP growth, and that average growth will reach 4.9 percent in 2023, driven by strong consumption spending, increase private investment through projects and programs that enhance the growth of the private sector in addition to the accelerated projects implementation, which will reflect positively on the growth of non-oil GDP, the IMF said.

The report also welcomed the ongoing reform efforts within the framework of the Fiscal Sustainability Program, including improving non-oil revenues, rationalizing spending, and strengthening the public finance framework.

It noted the low and sustainable debt levels and the availability of a strong fiscal space while praising the remarkable progress in public finance transparency through the expanded budget statement and other detailed reports.

IMF stressed that the Kingdom's monetary policy (fixed exchange rate) is appropriate and serves the Kingdom's economy and that the performance of the banking sector remains strong during the current year, thanks to the continuous efforts of the Saudi Central Bank (SAMA) to modernize the regulatory and supervisory frameworks.

This contributed to the achievement of high profitability rates (higher than pre-pandemic levels), in addition to high capital adequacy ratios and low non-performing (NPL) loan ratios.

The report further welcomed the efforts of the Saudi Central Bank to promote the Kingdom as a fintech hub.

Moreover, the report praised the persistent efforts by the Kingdom’s government to enhance governance, fight corruption, and confront the challenges of climate change.

It hailed the plans being implemented to increase renewable energy, the Kingdom's goal to become the largest producer of clean hydrogen in the world, and the tangible role of the Saudi Green Initiative (SGI) in reducing carbon emissions, expecting that these efforts will contribute to reducing emissions to the target level for the year 2030, and indicating that the Kingdom recorded the second-lowest emissions globally per unit produced.

In addition, the report noted the positive transformation in the Saudi housing sector through several programs that contributed to an increase in the percentage of home ownership to 60.6 percent in 2022, in pursuit of the Vision 2030 goal of 70 percent by 2030.

It also stressed the importance of industrial policies in the success of the Kingdom’s efforts toward structural transformation and diversification under Saudi Vision 2030.

Saudi Arabia's digital transformation efforts earned recognition, with high rankings in global digitization metrics. Digital progress has improved financial inclusion, the resilience of the financial sector, and government effectiveness.

Saudi Vision 2030 played a pivotal role in accelerating the pace of digital transformation, according to the IMF.

Commenting on the results of the IMF’s report, the Minister of Finance Mohammed Al-Jadaan welcomed the praise for the reforms witnessed by the Saudi economy and the Kingdom’s continuous efforts to carry out economic and financial reforms.

He noted the Fund’s reference to the Kingdom’s solid fiscal position and the progress it has achieved in the transparency of public finances, in addition to its financial policies and reforms that have supported fiscal policy and mitigated risks.

Jadaan remarked that the report highlighted both current indicators and positive future prospects for the Saudi economy, as well as the continuous progress in implementing the Saudi Vision 2030 agenda and economic transformation.

The IMF stressed the success of the Kingdom’s economy in facing challenges and maintaining financial sustainability that contributed to enhancing its durability and strength while noting the prominent role of economic and structural reforms conducted by the government which achieved sustainable and inclusive economic growth, he said.

A concluding statement was previously issued by the International Monetary Fund's Staff mission following the conclusion of the Article IV Consultations with the Kingdom's government for 2023, and this new IMF report confirms the results of the previous statement.



China Passes Revised Foreign Trade Law to Bolster Trade War Capabilities

Containers are seen at the port in Shanghai, China, Oct. 13, 2025. (AFP)
Containers are seen at the port in Shanghai, China, Oct. 13, 2025. (AFP)
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China Passes Revised Foreign Trade Law to Bolster Trade War Capabilities

Containers are seen at the port in Shanghai, China, Oct. 13, 2025. (AFP)
Containers are seen at the port in Shanghai, China, Oct. 13, 2025. (AFP)

China on Saturday passed revisions to a key piece of legislation aimed at strengthening Beijing's ability to wage trade war, curb outbound shipments from strategic minerals, and further open its $19 trillion economy.

The latest revision to the Foreign Trade Law, approved by China's top legislative body, will take effect on March 1, 2026, state news agency Xinhua reported on Saturday.

The world's second-largest economy is overhauling its trade-related legal frameworks partly to convince members of a major trans-Pacific trade bloc created to counter China's growing influence that the manufacturing powerhouse ‌deserves a seat at ‌the table, as Beijing seeks to reduce ‌its ⁠reliance on the US.

Adopted ‌in 1994 and revised three times since China joined the World Trade Organization in 2001, most recently in 2022, the Foreign Trade Law empowers policymakers to hit back against trading partners that seek to curb its exports and to adopt mechanisms such as "negative lists" to open restricted sectors to foreign firms.

The revision also adds a provision that foreign trade should "serve national economic and social development" and help build China ⁠into a "strong trading nation", Xinhua said.

It further "expands and improves" the legal toolkit for countering external challenges, according ‌to the report.

The revision focuses on areas such ‍as digital and green trade, along ‍with intellectual property provisions, key improvements China needs to make to meet the ‍standards of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, rather than the trade defense tools the 2020 revamp honed in on following four years of tariff war with the first Trump administration.

Beijing is also sharpening the wording of its powers in anticipation of potential lawsuits from private firms, which are becoming increasingly prominent in China, according to trade diplomats.

"Ministries have become more concerned about private sector criticism," ⁠said one Western trade diplomat with decades' of experience working with China. "China is a rule-of-law country, so the government can stop a company's shipment, but it needs a reason."

"It's not totally lawless here. Better to have everything written out in black and white," they added, requesting anonymity, as they were not authorized to speak with media.

China's private exporting firms attracted global attention in November after the French government moved to suspend the Chinese e-commerce platform Shein.

The Chinese government increasingly could also find itself at odds with private enterprise when seeking to carry out sweeping bans, ‌such as Beijing's prohibition of all Japanese seafood imports, as Asia's top two economies continue to feud over Taiwan, trade diplomats say.


Lebanese Cabinet Approves Draft Law on Financial Crisis Losses

A photograph released by the Lebanese Government Press Office on December 26, 2025, show Prime Minister Nawaf Salam speaking during a press conference after a cabinet session in Beirut on December 26, 2025. (Photo by Handout / Lebanese Government Press Office / AFP)
A photograph released by the Lebanese Government Press Office on December 26, 2025, show Prime Minister Nawaf Salam speaking during a press conference after a cabinet session in Beirut on December 26, 2025. (Photo by Handout / Lebanese Government Press Office / AFP)
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Lebanese Cabinet Approves Draft Law on Financial Crisis Losses

A photograph released by the Lebanese Government Press Office on December 26, 2025, show Prime Minister Nawaf Salam speaking during a press conference after a cabinet session in Beirut on December 26, 2025. (Photo by Handout / Lebanese Government Press Office / AFP)
A photograph released by the Lebanese Government Press Office on December 26, 2025, show Prime Minister Nawaf Salam speaking during a press conference after a cabinet session in Beirut on December 26, 2025. (Photo by Handout / Lebanese Government Press Office / AFP)

Lebanon's government on Friday approved a draft law to distribute financial losses from the 2019 economic crisis that deprived many Lebanese of their deposits despite strong opposition to the legislation from political parties, depositors and banking officials.

The draft law will be submitted to the country's divided parliament for approval before it can become effective.

The legislation, known as the "financial gap" law, is part of a series of reform measures required by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in order to access funding from the lender.

The cabinet passed the draft bill with 13 ministers in favor and nine against. It stipulates that each of the state, the central bank, commercial banks and depositors will share the losses accrued as a result of the financial crisis.

Prime Minister Nawaf Salam defended the bill, saying it "is not ideal... and may not meet everyone's aspirations" but is "a realistic and fair step on the path to restoring rights, stopping the collapse... and healing the banking sector.”

According to government estimates, the losses resulting from the financial crisis amounted to about $70 billion, a figure that is expected to have increased over the six years that the crisis was left unaddressed.

Depositors who have less than $100,000 in the banks, and who constitute 85 percent of total accounts, will be able to recover them in full over a period of four years, Salam said.

Larger depositors will be able to obtain $100,000 while the remaining part of their funds will be compensated through tradable bonds, which will be backed by the assets of the central bank.

The central bank's portfolio includes approximately $50 billion, according to Salam.

The premier told journalists that the bill includes "accountability and oversight for the first time.”

"Everyone who transferred their money before the financial collapse in 2019 by exploiting their position or influence... and everyone who benefited from excessive profits or bonuses will be held accountable and required to pay compensation of up to 30 percent of these amounts," he said.

Responding to objections from banking officials, who claim components of the bill place a major burden on the banks, Salam said the law "also aims to revive the banking sector by assessing bank assets and recapitalizing them.”

The IMF, which closely monitored the drafting of the bill, previously insisted on the need to "restore the viability of the banking sector consistent with international standards" and protect small depositors.

Parliament passed a banking secrecy reform law in April, followed by a banking sector restructuring law in June, one of several key pieces of legislation aimed at reforming the financial system.

However, observers believe it is unlikely that parliament will pass the current bill before the next legislative elections in May.

Financial reforms in Lebanon have been repeatedly derailed by political and private interests over the last six years, but Salam and Lebanese President Joseph Aoun have pledged to prioritize them.


Türkiye Says Russia Gave It $9 Billion in New Financing for Akkuyu Nuclear Plant

Türkiye’s Energy Minister Alparslan Bayraktar talks during a meeting in Ankara, Türkiye, September 14, 2023. (Reuters)
Türkiye’s Energy Minister Alparslan Bayraktar talks during a meeting in Ankara, Türkiye, September 14, 2023. (Reuters)
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Türkiye Says Russia Gave It $9 Billion in New Financing for Akkuyu Nuclear Plant

Türkiye’s Energy Minister Alparslan Bayraktar talks during a meeting in Ankara, Türkiye, September 14, 2023. (Reuters)
Türkiye’s Energy Minister Alparslan Bayraktar talks during a meeting in Ankara, Türkiye, September 14, 2023. (Reuters)

Türkiye's energy minister said Russia had provided new financing worth $9 billion for the Akkuyu nuclear power plant being built by ​Moscow's state nuclear energy company Rosatom, adding Ankara expected the power plant to be operational in 2026.

Rosatom is building Türkiye's first nuclear power station at Akkuyu in the Mediterranean province of Mersin per a 2010 accord worth $20 billion. The plant was expected ‌to be operational ‌this year, but has been ‌delayed.

"This (financing) ⁠will ​most ‌likely be used in 2026-2027. There will be at least $4-5 billion from there for 2026 in terms of foreign financing," Alparslan Bayraktar told some local reporters at a briefing in Istanbul, according to a readout from his ministry.

He said ⁠Türkiye was in talks with South Korea, China, Russia, and ‌the United States on ‍nuclear projects in ‍the Sinop province and Thrace region, and added ‍Ankara wanted to receive "the most competitive offer".

Bayraktar said Türkiye wanted to generate nuclear power at home and aimed to provide clear figures on targets.