Saudi Arabia Fortifies Itself Against External Shocks with Proactive Measures in 2024 Budget

Saudi budget expectations for 2024 are positive in light of the developments and challenges facing the global economy. (SPA)
Saudi budget expectations for 2024 are positive in light of the developments and challenges facing the global economy. (SPA)
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Saudi Arabia Fortifies Itself Against External Shocks with Proactive Measures in 2024 Budget

Saudi budget expectations for 2024 are positive in light of the developments and challenges facing the global economy. (SPA)
Saudi budget expectations for 2024 are positive in light of the developments and challenges facing the global economy. (SPA)

Saudi Arabia has taken proactive measures to boost the ability of its economy to face challenges and developments, and to ensure financial sustainability.

This is reflected in the figures in the preliminary statement of the 2024 budget, through which the Kingdom is targeting revenues of SAR1.1 trillion ($312 billion), compared to expenditures of about SAR1.2 trillion ($333 billion), and a limited deficit of SAR79 billion ($21 billion), which represents 1.9 percent of the GDP.

The non-oil sector is a fundamental driver of economic growth in Saudi Arabia, highlighting major success in the process of economic diversification, one of the main goals of Vision 2030.

In a statement, the Ministry of Finance expected non-oil activities to grow at a rate of 5.9 percent during the current year, noting that this rate reached 6.1 percent in the second quarter of 2023.

In a recent interview with Fox News, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman emphasized the non-oil sector’s contribution to the Kingdom’s gross domestic product, which helped the Saudi economy achieve the highest growth rate among the G20 countries in 2022.

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) also announced last week that the Saudi economy was witnessing an economic transformation after implementing several reforms to reduce dependence on oil, diversify sources of income, and enhance competitiveness.

Reform measures

Experts believe that the structural improvements undertaken by the government have enhanced the growth of the domestic product of non-oil activities, which has been reflected positively on the performance of the country’s general budget.

In remarks to Asharq Al-Awsat, Economist Ahmed Al-Shehri said Saudi Arabia has carried out effective reform and crisis containment policies, supported by financial abundance and high foreign exchange reserves. The Kingdom’s economy stands on solid foundations, which are seen in the results of the state’s general budget in 2024.

Economic expert Ahmed Al-Jubeir told Asharq Al-Awsat that the government has put in place reform policies and measures to protect the economy from global crises.

He added that the policy of economic diversification and support for non-oil activities reflected positively on the performance of the general budget.

Financial sources believe that the expected deficit was due to increased spending on important sectors, such as defense, education and health.

In the preliminary statement for the 2024 budget, Saudi Arabia announced its continued work to raise the efficiency of spending and financial control, the sustainability of public finances, the implementation of economic and financial reforms, and the achievement of the goals of Vision 2030 and its major programs, initiatives and projects.

Local investment

According to the statement, the government will seek to raise the level of services provided to citizens and residents, in addition to promoting the growth of local investment by empowering the private sector and qualifying it to include all regions of the Kingdom.

It emphasized the proactive structural and financial measures adopted by Saudi Arabia to enhance the capacity of its economy, which improved the performance of the non-oil sector and increased the number of workers.

The government said all of these measures would contribute to the growth of the domestic product, attract investments, and stimulate economic activity, while developing public financial performance by increasing the financial space and building government reserves in a way that boosts the economy’s ability to confront global crises.

Economic diversification

Finance Minister Mohammed Al-Jadaan said the government will seek to implement structural reforms, with the aim of developing and diversifying the economy and raising growth rates while maintaining financial sustainability.

He pointed to the launching of many initiatives and strategies that aim to encourage promising economic sectors, improve investment attraction, stimulate industries, and raise the percentage of local content and non-oil exports.

Al-Jadaan underlined the importance of analyzing the financial and economic risks facing the country in order to tailor effective policies and strategies.

According to the Minister, preliminary estimates for next year point to a real GDP growth of 4.4 percent, supported by non-oil activities, amid expectations that the private sector will continue to lead economic growth and contribute to increasing business opportunities and creating jobs, in addition to improving the trade balance.



Saudi Arabia Raises $12 Billion in International Bonds Amid Strong Demand

Skyscrapers are seen in King Abdullah Financial District in the Saudi capital, Riyadh. (Reuters).
Skyscrapers are seen in King Abdullah Financial District in the Saudi capital, Riyadh. (Reuters).
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Saudi Arabia Raises $12 Billion in International Bonds Amid Strong Demand

Skyscrapers are seen in King Abdullah Financial District in the Saudi capital, Riyadh. (Reuters).
Skyscrapers are seen in King Abdullah Financial District in the Saudi capital, Riyadh. (Reuters).

Saudi Arabia has raised $12 billion from global debt markets in its first international bond issuance of the year, attracting bids worth nearly $37 billion. This demonstrates strong investor appetite for Saudi debt instruments.

The issuance comes just two days after the approval of the 2025 annual borrowing plan by Minister of Finance Mohammed Al-Jadaan. The plan estimates financing needs for the fiscal year at SAR 139 billion ($37 billion). The funds will be used to cover the projected SAR 101 billion ($26.8 billion) budget deficit for 2025, as well as repay SAR 38 billion ($10 billion) in principal debt obligations due this year.

The National Debt Management Center (NDMC) announced on Tuesday that the issuance includes three tranches: $5 billion in three-year bonds, $3 billion in six-year bonds, and $4 billion in ten-year bonds. Total demand for the bonds reached $37 billion, exceeding the issuance size by three times and reflecting robust investor interest.

The NDMC emphasized that this issuance aligns with its strategy to broaden the investor base and efficiently meet Saudi Arabia’s financing needs in global debt markets.

According to IFR, a fixed-income news service, the initial price guidance for the three-year bonds was set at 120 basis points above US Treasury yields. The six-year and ten-year bonds were priced at 130 and 140 basis points above the same benchmark, respectively.

Strong demand allowed Saudi Arabia to lower yields on the shorter-term bonds, further demonstrating investor confidence. Economists noted that the pricing above US Treasuries is attractive in the current market, showcasing trust in Saudi Arabia’s economic stability and financial strategies.

International confidence

Economic experts view this successful bond issuance as a testament to international confidence in Saudi Arabia’s robust economy and financial reforms. Dr. Mohammed Al-Qahtani, an economics professor at King Faisal University, said the move underscores Saudi Arabia’s commitment to diversifying financing tools both domestically and internationally. He added that the funds would support Vision 2030 projects, reduce pressure on domestic resources, and attract strong international investor interest.

The issuance strengthens Saudi Arabia’s ability to meet financial needs, expand its investor base, and establish a global financing network, he said, noting that it also facilitates entry into new markets, enabling the Kingdom to accelerate infrastructure projects and capital expenditures.

Dr. Ihsan Buhulaiga, founder of Joatha Business Development Consultants, described the 2025 budget as expansionary, aimed at meeting the financing needs of economic diversification programs. He stressed that the budget deficit is an “optional” one, reflecting a deliberate choice to prioritize Vision 2030 initiatives over immediate fiscal balance.

Buhulaiga explained that the Kingdom’s approach balances two options: limiting spending to available revenues, which would avoid deficits but delay Vision 2030 initiatives, or borrowing strategically to fund Vision 2030 goals. He said that the annual budget is just a component of the larger vision, which requires sustained funding until 2030.

He continued that Saudi Arabia’s fiscal space and creditworthiness allow it to borrow internationally at competitive rates, explaining that this flexibility ensures financial sustainability without compromising stability, even during challenges like the COVID-19 pandemic.

Saudi Arabia’s debt portfolio remains balanced, with two-thirds of its debt domestic and one-third external. As of Q3 2024, public debt stood at approximately SAR 1.2 trillion, below the 30% GDP ceiling. According to the Ministry of Finance, the budget deficit is expected to persist through 2027 but remain below 3% of GDP.

Buhulaiga highlighted the importance of capital expenditure, which reached SAR 186 billion in 2023 and is projected to rise to SAR 198 billion in 2024, a 6.5% increase.

He emphasized the government’s pivotal role in economic diversification, supported by investments from the Public Investment Fund (PIF), the National Development Fund, and its subsidiaries, including the Infrastructure Fund.

The PIF recently announced a $7 billion Murabaha credit facility, facilitated by Citigroup, Goldman Sachs International, and JPMorgan. Meanwhile, the NDMC arranged a $2.5 billion revolving credit facility earlier in January, compliant with Islamic principles, to address budgetary needs.

In November, Moody’s upgraded Saudi Arabia’s credit rating to Aa3, aligning with Fitch’s A+ rating, both with a stable outlook. S&P Global assigns the Kingdom an AA-1 rating with a positive outlook, reflecting a high ability to meet financial obligations with low credit risk.

The IMF estimates Saudi Arabia’s public debt-to-GDP ratio at 26.2% in 2024, describing it as low and sustainable. This is projected to rise to 35% by 2029 as foreign borrowing continues to play a key role in financing deficits.