Saudi Vision 2030: Historic Economic Transformation through Diversity, Growth  

Vision 2030 was launched on April 25, 2016. (Asharq Al-Awsat)
Vision 2030 was launched on April 25, 2016. (Asharq Al-Awsat)
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Saudi Vision 2030: Historic Economic Transformation through Diversity, Growth  

Vision 2030 was launched on April 25, 2016. (Asharq Al-Awsat)
Vision 2030 was launched on April 25, 2016. (Asharq Al-Awsat)

Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Salman bin Abdulaziz stressed that Saudi Arabia is making major and lasting progress with its Vision 2030 national transformation plan.

The assertion, also echoed by Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Crown Prince and Prime Minister, was made in remarks included in the 2023 annual report for Vision 2030, which highlighted the successful implementation of the vision’s programs.

Vision 2030’s key objectives include developing promising and emerging sectors, bolstering local content, facilitating business environments, empowering citizens, engaging the private sector, and enhancing overall execution efficiency.

Since the launch of Vision 2030 on April 25, 2016, under the directive of King Salman and Crown Prince Mohammed, Saudi Arabia has undergone an unprecedented historic transformation.

This transformation is characterized by remarkable development that supports Vision 2030’s goal of creating a prosperous and promising future through economic growth and improved quality of life.

In the report, Crown Prince Mohammed expressed anticipation for achieving more significant developmental milestones across various fronts, particularly those attained in the past year and previous decades, underscoring the importance of preserving these gains for both the current and future generations.

Historic transformation

Saudi Arabia is going through a big change, with strong economic growth and more connections to the world, according to the report. It is also empowering its citizens and putting protecting the environment first. This makes it a land full of opportunities for everyone to shape a successful future.

Halfway into its journey, Vision 2030 has already met many of its goals faster than expected, the report showed. Now, it is aiming even higher to have a bigger impact.

By the numbers, 87% of Vision 2030 initiatives are done or on track, and 81% of key performance indicators for programs have hit their yearly targets.

In 2023, the non-oil sector made up 50% of the country’s total economy, reaching a record high.

Lasting impact

Vision 2030 is all about creating a lasting impact, bringing more progress and benefits to the Kingdom while opening up bigger opportunities for its people.

The Kingdom’s economic makeover, driven by Vision 2030, is a success story fueled by ambitious goals for a diverse and thriving economy.

This involves big changes in economic policies and substantial investments in key sectors like manufacturing, technology, tourism, renewable energy, mining, and logistics.

Moreover, Vision 2030 puts a strong focus on encouraging entrepreneurship and innovation, building necessary infrastructure, and providing support and funding for startups and innovative companies. The goal is to boost their competitiveness and ability to grow, both nationally and globally.

Vision 2030 progress

The first leg of Vision 2030’s journey saw a lot of economic and structural reforms that set the stage for a successful national transformation, with real-world impacts. Now, as it enters the second phase, growth and opportunities are spreading across many promising sectors.

The private sector is stepping up to help achieve development goals in a more appealing environment, aiming for economic diversity and sustainable social impact in the next phase.

The achievements since the launch of Vision 2030 have boosted the non-oil sector, leading to growth. In 2023, non-oil activities made up half of the total GDP, and unemployment among Saudis stayed close to the 2030 targets. Saudi Arabia has also made progress in various international indicators.

Thriving economy

Saudi Arabia has set up four special economic zones to attract quality investments. The small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) sector is booming like never before. The industrial sector is also making strides by localizing car manufacturing and establishing the Kingdom’s first electric car factory.

Saudi Arabia is tapping into its vast natural and cultural wealth, revealing mineral resources worth $2.4 trillion last year alone.

The Kingdom is committed to building a green economy to preserve the environment and ensure sustainability, creating a vibrant society. Efforts are also underway to empower the non-profit sector, provide housing solutions for families, and enhance citizens’ skills for global competition.

Looking ahead

Since its launch, Vision 2030 has been committed to sustainable development and planning for the future, aiming to bring prosperity to all citizens.

The 2023 annual report highlights a prosperous year for Saudi Arabia, built on strong foundations for success, including national capabilities, diverse resources, and unlimited investments.

The government’s deep belief in the Kingdom’s potential has driven comprehensive development across various sectors.

Vision 2030 has led to rapid transformations in key and emerging sectors, such as entertainment, sports, tourism, culture, and digital services, alongside social empowerment initiatives.

Some sectors, like mining and renewable energy, require longer reform periods but are making progress through substantial investments.

Efforts to empower the private sector and attract foreign investment involve policy reforms influenced by global factors and challenges.

Today, Saudi Arabia’s economy is diverse and strong, driven by rapidly growing vital sectors, which have led to job creation and exceeded some targets ahead of schedule, making the kingdom a land of opportunity.

Vision 2030 has also boosted Saudi Arabia’s regional and international standing through cooperation for security and stability, vital for economic growth. This ensures the Kingdom’s continued journey towards progress and prosperity.

Stable foundation

The report also highlights Saudi Arabia’s strong economic performance, with non-oil GDP reaching its highest level in 2023, contributing 50% to the real GDP and growing by 4.7% compared to the previous year.

Non-oil government revenues increased significantly to SAR 457 billion ($121.8 billion) in 2023, covering 35% of the total budget expenditure.

Unemployment among Saudis dropped to 7.7% in 2023 from 8.0% in 2022, while inflation decreased to 1.6% from 3.1% in 2022.

The government’s efficiency index also rose to 70.8 points in 2022, surpassing the target of 60.7 points.

Public Investment Fund

Additionally, the report showed a big jump in the assets managed by the Public Investment Fund (PIF), hitting $749 billion in 2023, up from $557 billion in 2016, surpassing the $720 billion target.

The PIF drives economic diversification, investing in sectors like tourism, entertainment, financial tech, and sports.

It has become a global leader in spotting economic opportunities, creating 93 companies compared to 71 last year and generating around 644,000 job opportunities, up from 500,000 in 2022.

Thriving society

The report showed that life expectancy rose to 78.10 years in 2023, surpassing the target of 77.06 years.

Saudi Arabia also saw a record number of external pilgrims, reaching 13.56 million in 2023, up from 7.36 million in 2016, exceeding the target of 10 million.

Furthermore, the percentage of Saudi households owning homes increased to 63.74% in 2023, surpassing the target of 63%.

Remarkable progress

The report showed that halfway through Vision 2030, there has been significant progress towards its goals. Some indicators have even surpassed their targets, prompting a review of ambitions.

For instance, Saudi unemployment rates and female workforce participation have exceeded expectations, signaling a shift to higher aspirations for 2030.

The report also noted a maturing strategic approach in the second phase of Vision 2030, with improved measurement methods. Collaboration with international bodies ensures the adoption of best practices for monitoring progress.

Leading the charge

Saudi Arabia’s statistical sector has made significant strides, jumping 25 places in the World Bank’s National Statistical System Performance Index. This demonstrates the Kingdom’s commitment to providing high-quality statistical data.

Expo 2030 in Riyadh

Winning the bid to host Expo 2030 in Riyadh is a testament to Saudi Arabia’s global influence and active role in shaping the future. The expo will showcase innovations and technologies aligned with sustainable solutions, reflecting the goals of Vision 2030.

The report also highlighted that 2030 will mark an era of unprecedented global engagement.

2026 FIFA World Cup bid

Saudi Arabia has submitted its bid to host the 2034 FIFA World Cup, garnering significant support from football federations worldwide.

The bid marks a pivotal moment in the tournament’s history, as the Kingdom aims to share with the world the story of its ambitious sporting transformation in recent years.

From investing in human potential by empowering youth and unleashing their capabilities to ambitious projects that boost football and infrastructure, Saudi Arabia has embarked on a journey of comprehensive economic and social development.

The nation is committed to developing state-of-the-art sports, tourism, and public facilities on a global scale, driving economic and social growth.

Exceptional tourism achievements

The report highlighted Saudi Arabia’s rich and diverse culture, showcasing its history and stories of civilizations that have thrived on its land. Coupled with its geographical advantage, strategically linking Asia, Europe, and Africa, Saudi Arabia has become a global destination.

Efforts and initiatives under Vision 2030 have capitalized on this competitive advantage, opening doors to both local and international tourists and resulting in an unprecedented boom in the tourism sector.

China has recognized Saudi Arabia as a key tourist destination, with 112 million passengers passing through the Kingdom’s airports, marking a 27% increase from 2022.

Among them, 106 million were visitors, including 27.4 million international tourists, cementing Saudi Arabia’s position as a premier destination on the global tourism map.



Saudi Stock Market Opens Its Doors to Direct Foreign Investment

Traders watch a screen at the Saudi stock market. (Reuters)
Traders watch a screen at the Saudi stock market. (Reuters)
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Saudi Stock Market Opens Its Doors to Direct Foreign Investment

Traders watch a screen at the Saudi stock market. (Reuters)
Traders watch a screen at the Saudi stock market. (Reuters)

When trading opened on this Sunday, Saudi Arabia’s stock exchange marked more than the start of a routine session. The day signaled a pivotal shift in the Kingdom’s financial history, as the market formally opened to direct foreign investment, positioning it as a destination for global capital and one of the most consequential milestones in Saudi Arabia’s economic transformation.

With the removal of long-standing restrictions and pre-qualification requirements, the Saudi market is moving beyond its earlier status as an ambitious emerging exchange. It is now seeking to stand shoulder to shoulder with advanced global markets, backed by a robust regulatory framework and an increasingly confident investor base.

Analysts say the reforms could pave the way for deeper liquidity, broader participation, and an eventual climb toward the 17,000-point level for the benchmark index.

Market specialists view the move as reinforcing Saudi Arabia’s appeal as an international investment hub and as a vote of confidence in the market’s regulatory maturity and capacity to absorb large capital inflows.

Expectations are that the changes will help attract long-term, strategic foreign investors, raise trading activity, and enhance market depth. Optimistic forecasts point to gains over the next two years, driven by anticipated interest in sectors such as banking, petrochemicals, and technology.

Sweeping regulatory reform

The decision by the Capital Market Authority in January to abolish the Qualified Foreign Investor regime and dismantle the framework governing swap agreements marked a fundamental regulatory overhaul rather than a technical adjustment.

The new rules allow non-resident foreign investors to access the main market directly, removing historic barriers and simplifying the process of opening and operating investment accounts.

Regulators say the reforms are aimed at attracting long-term capital that supports not only liquidity, but also higher standards of governance and transparency in line with global best practices.

The changes are part of a broader strategy to make the Saudi market more accessible to international investors, including Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) residents and individuals with prior ties to the region.

Market gains ahead of the shift

The market has already reacted positively. Hamad Al-Olayan, chief executive of Villa Capital, told Asharq Al-Awsat that the benchmark index gained nearly 1,000 points in January alone, following the announcement of the regulatory changes.

“This rally comes ahead of foreign participation,” Al-Olayan said, noting that many listed companies had seen their share prices decline over the past two years. “Current investors are unlikely to sell strong stocks at these low levels, and recent sessions have seen concentrated buying in companies with solid balance sheets and promising outlooks.”

Key sectors in focus

Al-Olayan described the Saudi market as the strongest in the region, citing a stream of positive assessments from global banks and advisory firms, as well as optimistic growth projections for the Saudi economy in 2026.

He said the market continues to be anchored by two core sectors: banking, which plays the leading role, and petrochemicals, which remain attractive despite near-term challenges. Recent asset sales by SABIC in Europe and the United States—transactions that drew foreign investors—underscore sustained international confidence in Saudi companies.

Momentum has also been building around the Saudi Arabian Mining Company (Maaden), supported by rising global prices for gold, silver, and other metals. Al-Olayan noted that international investors increasingly favor companies with strategic assets, including Saudi Aramco and Maaden.

Toward advanced-market status

Mohamed Hamdy Omar, chief executive of G World, described the move as “a historic step that strengthens the Saudi market’s position as an emerging exchange steadily progressing toward developed-market status.”

He said the decision reflects strong regulatory and economic confidence and builds on earlier reforms following the market’s inclusion in major global indices.

Omar expects foreign inflows to build gradually from the second half of 2026, with clearer effects on trading volumes and prices emerging in 2027.

While short-term volatility linked to portfolio rebalancing is possible, he stressed that the medium- and long-term outlook remains firmly positive.

Key figures

Despite market volatility in 2025 driven by geopolitical tensions, global economic uncertainty, and oil price swings, foreign ownership in Saudi equities climbed to SAR 590 billion ($157.3 billion) by the end of the third quarter of the year, up from SAR 498 billion ($132.8 billion) a year earlier.

Total trading value reached SAR 1.30 trillion ($346.7 billion) in 2025, underscoring the market’s resilience and growing international appeal.


Egypt Eyes Role for Its Companies in Angola’s Lobito Development Corridor

The Egyptian president during his meeting with his Angolan counterpart in Guinea last July (Egyptian Presidency).
The Egyptian president during his meeting with his Angolan counterpart in Guinea last July (Egyptian Presidency).
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Egypt Eyes Role for Its Companies in Angola’s Lobito Development Corridor

The Egyptian president during his meeting with his Angolan counterpart in Guinea last July (Egyptian Presidency).
The Egyptian president during his meeting with his Angolan counterpart in Guinea last July (Egyptian Presidency).

Cairo is seeking a role for Egyptian companies in projects to be implemented under Angola’s Lobito Development Corridor, while also coordinating to convene the next edition of the Egyptian–Angolan Business Forum at the earliest opportunity.

The move came during a phone call on Saturday between Egypt’s Minister of Foreign Affairs, Badr Abdelatty, and his Angolan counterpart, Tete António, in which the two ministers discussed ways to support and strengthen bilateral relations and coordinate positions on issues of mutual interest.

Abdelatty praised the “growing momentum in Egyptian–Angolan relations and the shared commitment to enhancing political understanding and consultation to push these ties to broader horizons.”

He stressed the importance of building on the outcomes of the Joint Committee meeting held in Angola last December, in a way that advances bilateral relations across political, economic, and investment fields. He also reiterated Egypt’s interest in cooperation in regional connectivity and transport, infrastructure, renewable energy, and the pharmaceutical industry.

The Egyptian foreign minister visited Angola’s capital, Luanda, last December, where he inaugurated the Egyptian–Angolan Business Forum on the sidelines of the first session of the Joint Committee between the two countries.

At the time, he said the forum reflected the strength of relations between Egypt and Angola and the shared political will of both leaderships to elevate economic cooperation into a cornerstone of the bilateral partnership. He underscored the need to boost trade volumes and mutual investments and to capitalize on available potential and opportunities.

Trade between Egypt and Angola rose in 2024 to $34.2 million, up from $21.3 million in 2023, according to figures released by Egypt’s Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) in April 2025.

CAPMAS said in a report that Egyptian exports to Angola reached $34.1 million in 2024, compared with $21.3 million in 2023, while Egyptian imports from Angola amounted to $73,000 in 2024, up from $21,000 a year earlier.

Dr. Naglaa Marei, professor of political science and an expert on African affairs, stressed the importance of coordination between Egypt and Angola ahead of the upcoming African Union Summit, noting that the continent faces multiple challenges.

These include instability in the Horn of Africa and the Red Sea region against the backdrop of the Sudanese crisis, tensions between Ethiopia and Eritrea over access to the Red Sea, and the renewed violence and conflict in Ethiopia’s Tigray region.

Speaking to Asharq Al-Awsat, Marei said Egyptian–Angolan relations have recently seen numerous official visits and bilateral meetings, as well as the convening of the Joint Committee last December — developments that have contributed to advancing political, economic, and investment cooperation between the two countries.

 


Bitcoin Falls Below $80,000, Continuing Decline as Liquidity Worries Mount

FILE PHOTO: Representation of Bitcoin cryptocurrency in this illustration taken September 10, 2025. REUTERS/Dado Ruvic/Illustration/File Photo
FILE PHOTO: Representation of Bitcoin cryptocurrency in this illustration taken September 10, 2025. REUTERS/Dado Ruvic/Illustration/File Photo
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Bitcoin Falls Below $80,000, Continuing Decline as Liquidity Worries Mount

FILE PHOTO: Representation of Bitcoin cryptocurrency in this illustration taken September 10, 2025. REUTERS/Dado Ruvic/Illustration/File Photo
FILE PHOTO: Representation of Bitcoin cryptocurrency in this illustration taken September 10, 2025. REUTERS/Dado Ruvic/Illustration/File Photo

Bitcoin, the world's largest cryptocurrency by market value, was down by 6.53% at $78,719.63 at 12:48 p.m. ET (1748 GMT) on Saturday, continuing its decline from the previous session.

On Friday, bitcoin fell to as low as $81,104, the lowest since November 21, while the US dollar gained after former Federal Reserve Governor Kevin Warsh was selected as the next Fed chair. Some investors and traders are concerned he might tighten ‌up on ‌cash in the financial system.

Warsh ‌has ⁠called for ‌regime change at the central bank and wants, among other things, a smaller Fed balance sheet, Reuters reported.

Bitcoin ⁠and other cryptocurrencies have been regarded as beneficiaries of a large balance sheet, ‍having tended to rally while the Fed greased money markets with liquidity - a support for ‌speculative ‌assets.

Brian Jacobsen, chief economist ⁠at Annex Wealth Management in Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin, said the Fed's "bloated ‌balance sheet combined with heavy-handed ‍bank regulation" had kept liquidity ‍trapped on Wall Street instead of flowing to ‍Main Street, helping fuel bubbles in assets such as bonds, crypto, metals and meme stocks.

Ether also fell 11.76% to $2,387.77 on Saturday afternoon. Cryptocurrencies have been struggling for direction since tumbling last year, having been left behind by big rallies in gold and stocks.

"Sometimes these ⁠price adjustments feed on themselves," Jacobsen said, adding that Friday’s abrupt drop had reminded people of the risks. He said it was "possible, if not likely, that we see more selling over the next few days."

Cryptos are having a rough time in what was once hoped to be a golden era of flows and friendly regulation under President Donald Trump. Market-leading bitcoin has lost a third of its value since striking record ‌highs in October last year.