Expectations of Accelerated Saudi Growth in 2025 as Oil Production Increases

Saudi Minister of Finance Mohammed Al-Jadaan during the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank for 2024 (Ministry of Finance)
Saudi Minister of Finance Mohammed Al-Jadaan during the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank for 2024 (Ministry of Finance)
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Expectations of Accelerated Saudi Growth in 2025 as Oil Production Increases

Saudi Minister of Finance Mohammed Al-Jadaan during the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank for 2024 (Ministry of Finance)
Saudi Minister of Finance Mohammed Al-Jadaan during the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank for 2024 (Ministry of Finance)

Saudi Arabia’s economic growth is projected to accelerate to 4.4% in 2025, marking the fastest rate in three years, following a modest performance of 1.3% this year. This growth is primarily driven by an anticipated increase in oil production after a period of lower output, according to a Reuters poll of 21 economists.

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank have issued similar projections. The IMF forecasts Saudi economic growth at 1.5% in 2024 and 4.6% in 2025, while the World Bank expects growth to reach 1.6% this year and accelerate to 4.9% by 2025. These estimates surpass the 0.8% growth forecast in the Saudi budget for 2024, which anticipates a 3.7% expansion in the non-oil sector.

The Saudi Ministry of Finance expressed optimism, projecting positive growth rates through 2025 and into the medium term, driven by the ongoing implementation of reforms and projects under Vision 2030. These efforts aim to diversify the economy, enhance the private sector’s role, and stimulate the development of emerging industries to increase job opportunities.

Finance Minister Mohammed Al-Jadaan highlighted that the positive outlook for 2025 builds on past strong economic performance. He noted that preliminary estimates indicate a 4.6% real GDP growth for 2025, reflecting the Kingdom’s commitment to ambitious strategies and sustainable development, which are increasing investor confidence.

Despite slight downward revisions to the IMF’s forecasts—by 0.2 and 0.1 percentage points for 2024 and 2025, respectively, due to extended oil production cuts—the anticipated growth remains significantly higher than global averages. For instance, the IMF projects global growth at 3.2%, while oil-exporting nations are expected to grow by 3.9%, emerging markets by 4.2%, and advanced economies by 1.8%.

Saudi Arabia and its OPEC+ partners are set to increase oil production starting in December 2024, following a decision in September to extend voluntary output cuts of 2.2 million barrels per day until November 2024. This rise in production will support the oil-driven side of Saudi Arabia’s economy, according to Dr. Naif Al-Ghaith, Chief Economist at Riyad Bank.

Beyond oil, several factors will boost overall growth, particularly in the non-oil sector, which is projected to contribute over 50% of Saudi GDP. Key drivers include increased government spending on infrastructure and economic transformation projects, an improved investment climate, and greater private sector investment. Additionally, the Saudi government’s focus on innovation and developing non-oil industries, such as technology and tourism, under Vision 2030 is likely to enhance growth and reduce reliance on oil.

In remarks to Asharq Al-Awsat, Dr. Abdullah Al-Jassar, a member of the Saudi Economic Association, emphasized that the upcoming increase in oil production and Saudi Arabia’s shift toward renewable energy—saving significant fuel previously used for electricity—will boost exports and improve the trade balance. He also highlighted the Kingdom’s commitment to a stable and carefully managed oil market under OPEC+, fostering investor confidence. Moreover, government spending on infrastructure and services is expected to create job opportunities, further driving economic growth in the coming years.



World Food Prices Dip in October, but Remain Higher Than a Year Ago

A worker carries loaves of bread for sale at a bakery in the capital city of Cairo, Egypt November 4, 2026. (Reuters)
A worker carries loaves of bread for sale at a bakery in the capital city of Cairo, Egypt November 4, 2026. (Reuters)
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World Food Prices Dip in October, but Remain Higher Than a Year Ago

A worker carries loaves of bread for sale at a bakery in the capital city of Cairo, Egypt November 4, 2026. (Reuters)
A worker carries loaves of bread for sale at a bakery in the capital city of Cairo, Egypt November 4, 2026. (Reuters)

World food prices edged lower in October as weaker import demand contributed to monthly declines in cereal, dairy and meat prices, but were still nearly 6% higher than a year earlier, the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization said on Friday.

The FAO Food Price Index, which tracks monthly changes in international prices for a basket of food commodities, ‌averaged 133.9 points ‌in October, down from a revised ‌135.6 ⁠in September.

The index ⁠was 5.9% higher than a year earlier, but remained 16.4% below its March 2022 peak.

FAO's cereal price index fell 4.5% from September and was 12.6% lower than a year ago, as wheat and maize quotations declined. Wheat prices eased on weak import demand ⁠and improved production prospects, especially in Argentina.

"Expectations of ‌easing constraints on Black ‌Sea export flows added to the downward pressure on prices, ‌although continued disruptions to Black Sea logistics limited the decline," ‌FAO said in a statement.

Maize prices also eased after reaching a three-year high in September, pressured by the US harvest, expectations of ample supplies in South America and renewed ‌prospects of easing tensions in the Black Sea region.

Vegetable oil prices edged up 0.3%, ⁠as ⁠higher soybean and sunflower oil prices more than offset a fall in rapeseed oil prices.

Sugar prices rose 6.6%, their fourth straight monthly increase, to the highest level since December 2024, after rainfall disrupted harvesting in Brazil. They were now 28.8% above a year ago.

The dairy index fell 1.1%, as lower butter and cheese prices linked to ample supplies and subdued demand outweighed gains in milk powder.

The meat index declined 1.2%, while still slightly above its year-earlier level, as ovine and bovine meat prices fell.


Copper Falls, Set for Worst Week Since March on AI Rout

Copper at the Aurubis copper smelting and refining plant in Hamburg, Germany. (Reuters)
Copper at the Aurubis copper smelting and refining plant in Hamburg, Germany. (Reuters)
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Copper Falls, Set for Worst Week Since March on AI Rout

Copper at the Aurubis copper smelting and refining plant in Hamburg, Germany. (Reuters)
Copper at the Aurubis copper smelting and refining plant in Hamburg, Germany. (Reuters)

Copper dropped on Friday and was set for its biggest weekly drop in London since March, as a rout in technology stocks battered markets.

Benchmark three-month copper on the London Metal Exchange was down 1.3% at $13,663 a metric ton by 0700 GMT. That placed it on track to fall 3.44% in the week, Reuters said.

The most-traded copper contract on the Shanghai Futures Exchange fell 1.08% to 106,830 yuan ($16,018.17) a ton.

The weakness reflects worries over AI investment, ‌with copper increasingly ‌influenced by "sentiment towards data center expansion," said ‌Craig ⁠Lang, principal analyst ⁠at CRU.

Technology shares were battered after Democratic wins in the US midterms fueled concerns that new regulatory oversight could cap the AI buildout.

On the other hand, supply constraints cushioned copper's decline.

"I would be cautious about calling this a sustained correction, given ongoing mine supply challenges and exceptionally tight ⁠metal availability outside the US," Lang said.

Copper stocks ‌in SHFE-monitored warehouses <CU-STX-SGH> fell by ‌over 24% this week to just 33,848 tons — the lowest ‌in almost three years. The closely watched Yangshan copper ‌premium <SMM-CUYP-CN>, a gauge of appetite for imports into key consumer China, increased to $210 a ton on Thursday, matching its record high.

Smelters in the country are facing a double squeeze of negative treatment ‌charges and lower sulfuric acid prices.

Meanwhile, warehouse inventories outside the US have been drawn ⁠down as ⁠material was pulled into the country ahead of a potential tariff on imports of refined copper.

"These physical constraints should provide some support against weaker investor sentiment," Lang said.

Among LME metals, aluminium lost 0.54%, zinc lost 1.42%, lead lost 0.45%, nickel dipped 0.23% and tin gained 0.83%.

On the SHFE, aluminium nudged down only 0.04%, zinc lost 1.35%, lead was little changed, down only 0.03%, nickel rose 2.14% and tin dropped 3.45%.

SHFE inventories were down across the board this week, led by sharp drops in aluminium <AL-STX-SGH> and lead <PB-STX-SGH>.


Emerging Economies Set to Match Advanced Nations’ Renewable Capacity Additions, IEA Says

Workers walk at Kalyon Karapinar solar power plant in Karapinar, Konya province, Türkiye, Oct. 14, 2026. (AP)
Workers walk at Kalyon Karapinar solar power plant in Karapinar, Konya province, Türkiye, Oct. 14, 2026. (AP)
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Emerging Economies Set to Match Advanced Nations’ Renewable Capacity Additions, IEA Says

Workers walk at Kalyon Karapinar solar power plant in Karapinar, Konya province, Türkiye, Oct. 14, 2026. (AP)
Workers walk at Kalyon Karapinar solar power plant in Karapinar, Konya province, Türkiye, Oct. 14, 2026. (AP)

Emerging ‌and developing economies outside China are expected to add as much new renewable energy capacity as advanced economies for the first time over the next five years, driven by the current energy crisis, the International Energy Agency said on Friday.

Gas and oil prices have soared this year as the US-Iran war disrupts traffic through the Strait of Hormuz, a key route for global oil and gas trade.

Global renewable energy ‌capacity is forecast ‌to increase by almost 4,800 gigawatts ‌between ⁠2026 and 2031, ⁠the IEA said in its annual outlook.

Emerging and developing economies are expected to add about 1,100 GW, roughly the same as advanced economies, with China adding around 2,550 GW, the agency said.

Capacity growth in Southeast Asia, Africa and the Middle East is ⁠expected to triple over the period, ‌led mainly by solar installations, ‌the IEA said.

China will remain the biggest contributor to ‌global renewable energy growth, although its share is ‌forecast to fall to 53% by 2031 from 60% in 2025.

India is emerging as the world's second-fastest deployer of renewables and is expected to more than double its contribution ‌to global growth by 2031 to nearly 8.5%.

Grid connection delays remain ⁠a major ⁠challenge, with projects awaiting connections worldwide rising 60% over the past year, equivalent to four times the wind and solar capacity connected to grids during the same period.

Grid constraints are expected to slow growth in advanced economies, with annual additions in Europe through 2031 forecast to remain broadly in line with 2025 levels.

Renewable energy is expected to meet 6% of global transport energy demand by 2031, while higher fuel-blending mandates prompted the IEA to raise its biofuels forecast by 40% from last year's report.