Saudi Non-Oil Exports Reach Highest Levels Since 2022

A view of the Jeddah Islamic Port. (Asharq Al-Awsat)
A view of the Jeddah Islamic Port. (Asharq Al-Awsat)
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Saudi Non-Oil Exports Reach Highest Levels Since 2022

A view of the Jeddah Islamic Port. (Asharq Al-Awsat)
A view of the Jeddah Islamic Port. (Asharq Al-Awsat)

Saudi Arabia’s non-oil exports have reached their highest levels since the second quarter of 2022, continuing to grow at a steady pace. By the end of the third quarter of this year, non-oil exports, including re-exports, totaled SAR 80 billion (USD 21 billion), reflecting a 16.8% increase compared to the same period in 2023.

This growth aligns with the goals of Vision 2030, which aims to diversify Saudi Arabia’s economy and reduce reliance on oil revenues. Credit rating agency Moody’s recently upgraded Saudi Arabia’s credit rating to AA3 from A1 with a stable outlook, citing the Kingdom’s ongoing economic diversification and the strength of its non-oil private sector. Moody’s projects the non-oil private sector’s GDP to grow by 4–5% annually in the coming years.

According to data from Saudi Arabia’s General Authority for Statistics, non-oil national exports (excluding re-exports) grew by 7.6% in the third quarter of 2024, reaching SAR 57 billion (USD 15.1 billion). Re-exports saw a remarkable surge of 48.4%, amounting to SAR 23 billion (USD 6.1 billion).

In contrast, total merchandise exports dropped by 7.7% to SAR 276 billion (USD 73.5 billion) due to a 14.9% decline in oil exports. As a result, the share of oil exports in total exports decreased from 77.3% in the third quarter of 2023 to 71.3% this year.

Chemical industry products accounted for 25.5% of non-oil exports, growing by 5.3% compared to the same period last year. Plastics, rubber, and their derivatives followed closely, representing 24.9% of non-oil exports, with an 8.9% increase from the third quarter of 2023.

China remained Saudi Arabia’s top export destination, accounting for 15.2% of total exports in the third quarter of 2024. Japan and South Korea followed, at 9.3% and 9.2%, respectively. Other major destinations included India, the UAE, the US, Poland, Egypt, Bahrain, and Taiwan. Together, these ten countries accounted for 66.4% of Saudi exports.

Experts emphasize that the growth in non-oil exports strengthens Saudi Arabia’s economy and reflects the success of its diversification strategy under Vision 2030.

Shura Council member Fadhel Al-Buainain highlighted the importance of considering the scale of Saudi non-oil exports during the third quarter of 2024. He emphasized two key aspects of Saudi non-oil exports.

First, the 16.8% growth achieved is a significant leap that boosts the Saudi economy’s ability to continue strengthening non-oil exports, which are a focal point of Vision 2030 and its economic diversification goals.

Second, he said the 48.4% increase in the value of re-exported goods represents substantial growth, reflecting the Kingdom’s potential to play a pivotal role in regional re-export activities. This, in turn, can stimulate exports and position Saudi Arabia as a global logistics hub.

He further noted that the increase in export value compared to the second quarter of this year, amounting to SAR 37.2 billion (USD 9.92 billion) or 15.6%, indicates sustained and accelerating export growth.

Al-Buainain believes that Saudi Arabia’s ports on the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf are well-equipped to play a central role in re-exporting, supported by free economic zones, robust infrastructure, and a well-established transportation and logistics network.

He also stated that the improvement in global demand, particularly in the petrochemical sector, which accounted for the largest share of exports, contributed to this growth.

However, the global economic conditions may face certain challenges that will reflect negatively on global demand, he remarked, stressing the importance of diversifying exports.

Dr. Osama Al-Obaidi, an international commercial law consultant and professor, told Asharq Al-Awsat that the significant increase in non-oil exports in the third quarter of this year compared to the same period in 2023 is linked to the growth in petrochemical exports, particularly plastics, rubber, and their derivatives.

He explained that this rise reflects the effectiveness of Saudi Arabia’s economic diversification efforts and its reduced reliance on oil as a sole income source, in line with Vision 2030.

It also highlights the success of the substantial investments made by the government to develop ports and logistics services, such as King Abdulaziz Port in Dammam and Jeddah Islamic Port.

Moreover, improvements in domestic, regional, and international airports, along with initiatives to promote local industries—particularly chemicals, food products, pharmaceuticals, and other high-demand goods in foreign markets—have also played a pivotal role.



Iraq’s West Qurna 2 Oilfield Poised for Output Surge with Chevron, Minister Says 

This handout picture made available by the Iraqi prime minister's office shows Iraq's Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani (top C), Oil Minister Hayan Abdel-Ghani (top R), US Special Envoy to Iraq Tom Barrack (top L), Chevron's Director of Business Development Joe Koch (bottom L), Iraq's North Oil Company Director Amer Khalil (bottom C), and the Director of the Dhi Qar Oil Company Said Zghair Shallagha (bottom R) attending the signing of agreements between Chevron Corporation and the Dhi Qar and North Oil Companies at the government palace in Baghdad on February 23, 2026. (Handout / Iraqi Prime Minister’s Press Office / AFP)
This handout picture made available by the Iraqi prime minister's office shows Iraq's Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani (top C), Oil Minister Hayan Abdel-Ghani (top R), US Special Envoy to Iraq Tom Barrack (top L), Chevron's Director of Business Development Joe Koch (bottom L), Iraq's North Oil Company Director Amer Khalil (bottom C), and the Director of the Dhi Qar Oil Company Said Zghair Shallagha (bottom R) attending the signing of agreements between Chevron Corporation and the Dhi Qar and North Oil Companies at the government palace in Baghdad on February 23, 2026. (Handout / Iraqi Prime Minister’s Press Office / AFP)
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Iraq’s West Qurna 2 Oilfield Poised for Output Surge with Chevron, Minister Says 

This handout picture made available by the Iraqi prime minister's office shows Iraq's Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani (top C), Oil Minister Hayan Abdel-Ghani (top R), US Special Envoy to Iraq Tom Barrack (top L), Chevron's Director of Business Development Joe Koch (bottom L), Iraq's North Oil Company Director Amer Khalil (bottom C), and the Director of the Dhi Qar Oil Company Said Zghair Shallagha (bottom R) attending the signing of agreements between Chevron Corporation and the Dhi Qar and North Oil Companies at the government palace in Baghdad on February 23, 2026. (Handout / Iraqi Prime Minister’s Press Office / AFP)
This handout picture made available by the Iraqi prime minister's office shows Iraq's Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani (top C), Oil Minister Hayan Abdel-Ghani (top R), US Special Envoy to Iraq Tom Barrack (top L), Chevron's Director of Business Development Joe Koch (bottom L), Iraq's North Oil Company Director Amer Khalil (bottom C), and the Director of the Dhi Qar Oil Company Said Zghair Shallagha (bottom R) attending the signing of agreements between Chevron Corporation and the Dhi Qar and North Oil Companies at the government palace in Baghdad on February 23, 2026. (Handout / Iraqi Prime Minister’s Press Office / AFP)

Iraq could nearly double its output from West Qurna 2 oilfield to 800,000 barrels per day as Chevron enters exclusive talks to take over operations from Russia's Lukoil, Iraq's oil minister said on Wednesday.

Iraq has been seeking to increase its oil and gas production, with oil majors vying to expand their operations in Iraq, after they had previously scaled back due to years of political instability.

Oil Minister Hayan Abdel-Ghani told ‌Kurdish TV ‌channel Rudaw that output could rise to between 750,000 ‌and ⁠800,000 bpd after Chevron ⁠takes over the operations in the field. The US firm has secured one-year exclusive rights to negotiate taking over the project.

The deal would expand Chevron's footprint by giving it control of one of the world's largest oilfields, which accounts for nearly 10% of Iraq's production and about 0.5% of global supply.

Chevron had already agreed to develop several fields in the country as part of ⁠an international expansion.

The Chevron deal is the latest in ‌a string of agreements with global oil ‌majors such as Exxon, BP, and TotalEnergies, in which Baghdad offers more generous terms in ‌a bid to beef up production.

Iraq, the second-largest producer within the ‌OPEC+ group comprising the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and allies including Russia, plans to raise oil production capacity to more than 6 million barrels per day (bpd) by 2029.

It has frequently produced in excess of its agreed target with OPEC+.

The ‌deal could also bolster relations between Baghdad and Washington, which threatened to curb Iraq's access to oil revenues if ⁠Iranian-backed groups ⁠were included in the upcoming government.

The agreement with Chevron, however, aligns Iraq more closely with Western energy interests as a US major replaces a sanctioned Russian firm, Lukoil, within broader efforts to isolate Moscow over its war in Ukraine.

Lukoil declared force majeure in November at West Qurna 2 after it was hit with sanctions alongside Rosneft as part of US President Donald Trump's push to end the war in Ukraine.

Iraq stripped Lukoil of operatorship of the field in January and temporarily transferred the field to the state-run Basra Oil Company (BOC).

In January, Iraq's cabinet said an "amicable settlement" with Lukoil for the transfer was approved. A final deal requires approval from Iraq's cabinet and the US Office of Foreign Assets Control, Chevron has said.


Germany Wants Deeper, Fairer Economic Ties with China, Merz Tells Li 

Chinese Premier Li Qiang welcomes German Chancellor Friedrich Merz with military honors in the Great Hall of the People in in Beijing, China, February 25, 2026. (Reuters)
Chinese Premier Li Qiang welcomes German Chancellor Friedrich Merz with military honors in the Great Hall of the People in in Beijing, China, February 25, 2026. (Reuters)
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Germany Wants Deeper, Fairer Economic Ties with China, Merz Tells Li 

Chinese Premier Li Qiang welcomes German Chancellor Friedrich Merz with military honors in the Great Hall of the People in in Beijing, China, February 25, 2026. (Reuters)
Chinese Premier Li Qiang welcomes German Chancellor Friedrich Merz with military honors in the Great Hall of the People in in Beijing, China, February 25, 2026. (Reuters)

China and Germany want to deepen cooperation, German Chancellor Friedrich Merz and Chinese Premier Li Qiang said in Beijing on Wednesday, as Merz began a visit aimed at resetting ties amid a widening trade imbalance.

Merz told Li that Germany attached great importance on maintaining and deepening its extensive economic exchanges with China, its largest trading partner last year, while emphasizing the need for fair cooperation and open communication.

"We have very specific concerns regarding our cooperation, which we want to improve and make fair," said Merz, who faces a tough balancing act of redefining an economic relationship that is increasingly unfavorable to German interests.

Li called on both sides to work together to safeguard multilateralism and free trade, in a comment seen as a reference to US President Donald Trump's trade war, which has upended the global ‌trading system.

"China and ‌Germany, as two of the world's largest economies and major countries with important influence, ‌should ⁠strengthen our confidence in ⁠cooperation, jointly safeguard multilateralism and free trade, and strive to build a more just and fair global governance system," Li said.

NO CONSEQUENTIAL DEALS SIGNED

Despite their calls for deeper engagement, the agreements Merz and Li formalized after their meeting were narrowly targeted and in industries peripheral to both economies.

The five documents signed covered continued efforts in climate change and green transition, cooperation in animal disease prevention and a poultry products protocol, as well as sports collaboration agreements for football and table tennis.

That paled in comparison with Canada and Britain, which respectively signed eight and 12 documents with China last month aimed at boosting trade ⁠and investments.

Still, the business-focused latter half of Merz's visit could see more deals ‌secured.

He is accompanied by a delegation of 30 firms including top carmakers ‌such as Volkswagen and BMW which are acutely feeling the strain of Chinese competition - contributing to the growing trade imbalance that has ‌sparked concern in Berlin and led to calls for protectionist policies.

CHINA-EU TIES IN FOCUS

China is seeking to pitch ‌itself as a reliable economic partner, in contrast to the United States, as Europe struggles to address vulnerabilities in its supply chains and worries about growing dependence on China.

Europe is seeing an acceleration of concerning trends in China, Europe's Trade Commissioner Maroš Šefčovič told the European Parliament on Tuesday, citing China's growing dominance in key manufacturing sectors, a rising imbalance in trade, and falling market share ‌of EU companies in China.

Germany's manufacturing-heavy economy has been particularly hard hit by competition from China's manufacturers, Rhodium Group's China analyst Noah Barkin said in a recent ⁠research note.

Merz, on his first visit ⁠to China, becomes the latest European leader seeking to reset ties with China after Britain's Keir Starmer and Canada's Mark Carney earlier this year, while Beijing touts the benefits of engaging with its massive consumer market and advanced manufacturing base.

Engagement between Europe's largest economy and China could set the stage for EU-China relations this year.

China's market, once coveted by foreign businesses for its wide consumer base and rising spending power, has changed in recent years with a slowing economy capping consumer demand and manufacturing overcapacity increasingly pushing domestic firms to look for opportunities abroad.

CHINA STILL BOASTS MEGA MARKET

In editorials ahead of the visit, Chinese state media emphasized the potential for EU-China cooperation to become a stabilizing force while US tariff policies upend global trade.

Xinhua cited a German chamber of commerce survey finding that innovation gains in China are feeding back into German headquarters.

State-backed newspaper the Global Times said concerns about competition with China would be outweighed by the lure of China's massive market.

"Rhetoric such as 'systemic rival' and 'de-risking' has at times complicated Germany's China policy," it said in an early Wednesday editorial.

"Yet the enthusiasm and actions of the German business community speak louder than political slogans."


Gold Gains on Softer Dollar, Safe Haven Bid amid US Tariff Uncertainty

A woman passes by a gold shop in Hong Kong (AFP)
A woman passes by a gold shop in Hong Kong (AFP)
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Gold Gains on Softer Dollar, Safe Haven Bid amid US Tariff Uncertainty

A woman passes by a gold shop in Hong Kong (AFP)
A woman passes by a gold shop in Hong Kong (AFP)

Gold prices rose on Wednesday, lifted by a softer dollar and heightened safe-haven demand amid uncertainty over US tariffs and rising friction between Washington and Tehran.

Spot gold rose 0.8% to $5,190.99 per ounce, as of 0841 GMT. US gold futures for April delivery were up 0.7% at $5,210.40.

The US dollar index shed 0.1%, making greenback-priced bullion cheaper for other currency holders.

"Spot ‌gold is being ‌supported above the $5,000 level by the softer ‌US ⁠dollar, a muddied ⁠outlook on US trade policy, and persistent geopolitical tensions," said Han Tan, chief market analyst at Bybit.

"As long as these fundamental drivers remain intact, bullion bulls will be eager for a return towards record highs."

Gold, a traditional safe-haven, does well during times of geopolitical and economic uncertainty.

US President Donald Trump said in his ⁠State of the Union speech that "almost all" countries ‌and corporations want to stick to tariff ‌and investment agreements previously made with Washington.

The country began collecting a ‌temporary 10% global import tariff on Tuesday, but Washington was working ‌to raise it to 15%, Reuters quoted a White House official as saying.

Meanwhile, US envoys Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner are slated to meet with an Iranian delegation for a third round of nuclear talks on Thursday in ‌Geneva.

Iran is close to a deal with China to purchase anti-ship cruise missiles, according to ⁠Reuters sources, ⁠which could target the US naval forces that have assembled near the Iranian coast.

Elsewhere, spot silver climbed 4.2% to $90.96 per ounce, a three-week high.

"The path ahead (for silver) will be shaped by a more complex mix of monetary policy, inflation expectations, and US dollar dynamics," said Rania Gule, Senior Market Analyst at XS.com.

JP Morgan on Wednesday said demand from central banks and investors this year could push gold prices to $6,300 an ounce by end-2026. It also raised its long-term price forecast for gold to $4,500 per ounce.

Spot platinum rose 5.8% to $2,293.69 per ounce, its highest point since February 4, while palladium added 2.8% to a three-week high of $1,817.22.