Saudi Arabia Implements Real Estate Regulations to Stabilize Riyadh’s Market

Amid rapid growth in Saudi Arabia’s real estate sector, fueled by the country’s economic diversification strategy, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman has introduced a series of regulatory measures in Riyadh. These steps aim to balance the capital’s real estate market, demonstrating the leadership’s commitment to providing sustainable and effective solutions for challenges in this vital sector.

Experts told Asharq Al-Awsat that rising property prices remain one of the biggest challenges in the real estate market. According to the General Authority for Statistics (GASTAT), the Real Estate Price Index increased by 3.6% in Q4 2024—the highest quarterly growth in six quarters—mainly driven by the residential sector, which accounts for 72.7% of the index.

Several factors are contributing to rising prices, including high demand for housing in major cities, large-scale development projects attracting investment, and improvements in infrastructure that increase property values.

Following an in-depth study by the Royal Commission for Riyadh City and the Council of Economic and Development Affairs, the Crown Prince’s directives focus on increasing housing supply and regulating market fluctuations to ensure fairness and stability.

Key Real Estate Measures

The newly announced policies include lifting restrictions on real estate transactions and development in several areas of Riyadh, covering 81.48 square kilometers. To meet housing demand, authorities plan to allocate between 10,000 and 40,000 residential plots annually over the next five years, with a price cap of SAR1,500 per square meter. Priority will be given to married citizens and individuals over 25 who do not own property, with applications processed through a new digital platform developed by the Royal Commission for Riyadh City.

To prevent speculative trading, new regulations restrict the sale, leasing, or mortgaging of land for ten years, except for construction financing. If a project is not completed within this period, the land will be reclaimed at its original purchase price.

Minister of Municipal, Rural Affairs, and Housing Majid Al-Hogail emphasized that these measures will help balance supply and demand while also revising the White Land Tax program to encourage property development. He also confirmed a comprehensive review of rental regulations, with amendments expected within 90 days.

Strong Demand for Real Estate

A report by JLL, a global real estate services firm, highlighted that despite a slowdown in construction projects across the Middle East and Africa in 2024, Saudi Arabia remained a strong performer. The Kingdom accounted for SAR29.5 billion in construction contracts, with significant activity in the hospitality, mixed-use, and entertainment sectors. The residential sector also performed well, with SAR7.9 billion in awarded contracts.

As Saudi Arabia prepares to host major global events, it may face challenges related to capacity and rising costs between 2025 and 2028. However, the government is addressing these issues by localizing industries, expanding infrastructure investments, accelerating digital transformation, and implementing regulatory reforms, with a focus on renewable energy and sustainability.

JLL’s Head of Projects and Development Services in Saudi Arabia, Maroun Dib, noted that strategic projects under Vision 2030 will continue attracting massive investments, creating expansion opportunities in the real estate sector. He added that major events like the FIFA World Cup and Expo will drive significant capital inflows, strengthening infrastructure development and setting the real estate sector on a solid growth trajectory beyond 2025.

Speaking to Asharq Al-Awsat, Khaled Al-Mobayed, CEO of Manassat Real Estate, stressed the importance of increasing housing supply to meet growing demand. He warned that failing to do so could lead to rising rental prices. Al-Mobayed suggested that expanding real estate development into smaller cities near major urban centers could ease pressure on large cities while providing affordable housing options.

Riyadh’s hospitality sector is experiencing rapid growth, driven by business tourism and international events. Average hotel room rates rose by 13.3% in 2024 to SAR239 per night, with 2,312 new hotel rooms expected in 2025. In Jeddah, religious and leisure tourism remains strong, supporting long-term growth despite minor market fluctuations.

Meanwhile, the retail sector in Riyadh is shifting toward experiential shopping, as consumers seek entertainment-driven retail experiences. Traditional shopping malls—especially enclosed malls—are facing declining occupancy rates. While large malls saw a 1.8% increase in lease rates in Q4 2024, community malls experienced stronger growth at 5.5%, whereas regional malls declined by 9.3%. A similar trend is visible in Jeddah, highlighting the need for more diverse and interactive retail spaces.

Industrial and Logistics Sectors on the Rise

Rising rental rates in the industrial and logistics sectors in Riyadh and Jeddah indicate strong market demand, fueled by economic diversification and the growth of e-commerce.

Additionally, the data center sector is rapidly expanding, driven by 5G technology and artificial intelligence. Riyadh, Dammam, and Jeddah now rank third in the Middle East and Africa for operational co-location data centers, contributing 12.6% of the region’s total IT capacity (1,050 megawatts) by the end of 2024. This positions Saudi Arabia for further digital infrastructure expansion.

The dollar weakened broadly on Thursday, while the euro rallied after President Donald Trump announced harsher-than-expected tariffs on US trading partners, unsettling markets as investors flocked to safe havens such as the yen and Swiss franc.

The highly anticipated tariff announcement sent shockwaves through markets, with global stocks sinking and investors scrambling to the safety of bonds as well as gold.

Trump said he would impose a 10% baseline tariff on all imports to the United States and higher duties on some of the country's biggest trading partners.

The new levies ratchet up a trade war that Trump kicked off on his return to the White House, rattling markets as fears grow that a full-blown trade war could trigger a sharp global economic slowdown and fuel inflation, Reuters reported.

The dollar index, which measures the US currency against six others, fell 1.6% to 102.03, its lowest since early October.

The euro, the largest component in the index, gained 1.5% to a six-month high of $1.1021.

Trump has already imposed tariffs on aluminium, steel and autos, and has increased duties on all goods from China.

"Eye-watering tariffs on a country-by-country basis scream 'negotiation tactic', which will keep markets on edge for the foreseeable future," said Adam Hetts, global head of multi-asset and portfolio manager at Janus Henderson Investors.

The risk-sensitive Australian dollar added 0.56% to $0.63365, while the New Zealand dollar climbed 0.9% to $0.5796.

The yen strengthened to a three-week high against the dollar and was last up 1.7% at 146.76 per dollar, while the Swiss franc touched its strongest level in five months at 0.86555 per dollar.

"Negotiations are now going to be front of mind. This is probably the other big part of why we're seeing some of these currencies outperform," said Nicholas Rees, Head Of Macro Research at Monex Europe.

"It's very difficult actually to see how other countries make concessions that would encourage the US to lift these tariffs. And I think that's a big underpriced risk."

Investors are worried that some US trading partners could retaliate with measures of their own, leading to higher prices.

EU chief Ursula von der Leyen described the tariffs as a major blow to the world economy and said the 27-member bloc was prepared to respond with countermeasures if talks with Washington failed.

Worries about a global trade war have intensified since Trump stepped into the White House in January, combining with a slew of weaker-than-expected US data to stoke recession fears and undermine the dollar.

The dollar index is down more than 5.7% this year.

"These tariffs have certainly significantly increased the risks to the downside for global growth, so on balance we think that will eventually start to become more supportive again for the dollar," said Lee Hardman, senior currency analyst at MUFG.

In Asia currencies, China's onshore yuan slid to its weakest level against the dollar since February 13. China's offshore yuan also hit a two-month low.

The Vietnamese dong slumped to a record low.

Elsewhere, the Mexican peso and Canadian dollar strengthened.

Canada and Mexico, the two largest US trading partners, already face 25% tariffs on many goods and will not face additional levies from Wednesday's announcement.

Saudi Arabia Implements Real Estate Regulations to Stabilize Riyadh’s Market