Saudi Arabia, US Unveil Plans to Deepen Economic and Strategic Ties

Saudi Investment Minister addresses audience in opening remarks at the Saudi-US Investment Forum 2025 (Asharq Al-Awsat)
Saudi Investment Minister addresses audience in opening remarks at the Saudi-US Investment Forum 2025 (Asharq Al-Awsat)
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Saudi Arabia, US Unveil Plans to Deepen Economic and Strategic Ties

Saudi Investment Minister addresses audience in opening remarks at the Saudi-US Investment Forum 2025 (Asharq Al-Awsat)
Saudi Investment Minister addresses audience in opening remarks at the Saudi-US Investment Forum 2025 (Asharq Al-Awsat)

Saudi Arabia and the United States announced efforts to strengthen economic relations and expand their growing strategic alliance through private-sector-led partnerships targeting key industries including energy, artificial intelligence, defense, tourism and advanced technologies.

The announcement was made during the Saudi-US Investment Forum, which was held on Tuesday in Riyadh.

The event drew senior ministers and officials from both sides, along with top executives from leading corporations and financial institutions in the two countries.

The forum coincided with the visit of US President Donald Trump to the Kingdom, where he was received by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman.

Saudi Arabia plans to boost investment ties with the US by up to $600 billion over the next four years, spanning public and private sector deals across key industries such as defense, semiconductors, transportation, space exploration and advanced technologies.

The Kingdom’s private sector is expected to play a central role in driving these investments.

Washington views Riyadh as a key partner in maintaining global oil market stability and supply reliability, with Saudi Arabia being one of the world’s largest crude exporters. The two countries are also working toward a landmark agreement on peaceful nuclear energy cooperation, alongside potential deals in energy, mining, and energy infrastructure.

US officials have expressed support for Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, which aims to diversify the economy and implement sweeping social changes.

Washington also welcomed Riyadh’s efforts to increase women’s participation in the workforce and promote interfaith dialogue.

Saudi Arabia is among the United States’ largest trading partners in the region, with bilateral trade reaching $32 billion in 2024. Saudi exports to the US stood at $13 billion, while imports from the US totaled $19 billion.

US foreign direct investment in the Kingdom reached $15.3 billion last year.

American investors are increasingly drawn to Saudi Arabia’s sweeping transformation, which is unlocking new opportunities in commercial space exploration, renewable energy, healthcare, infrastructure, advanced technology and artificial intelligence.

Vision 2030 initiatives and mega-projects are also opening doors for US firms in strategic sectors such as mining, petrochemicals, manufacturing, renewable energy, tourism, financial services, healthcare and pharmaceuticals.

In his opening remarks at the Saudi-US Investment Forum in Riyadh, Saudi Investment Minister Khalid Al-Falih said Vision 2030 had opened “unprecedented horizons” for investment, renewing his country’s commitment to a strategic partnership with the United States that spans more than 90 years.

“We are living a historic moment in which we reaffirm a strategic partnership built on trust, mutual respect and shared interests,” he said.

Falih pointed to the Kingdom’s stable economic policies, low debt levels, strong financial reserves and stable inflation as key pillars of its investment appeal. He also noted that Saudi Arabia hosts one of the world’s fastest-growing financial markets.

“We are not merely seeking capital inflows. We are building strategic partnerships that transfer knowledge, localize technology and develop homegrown industries,” Falih said, highlighting opportunities in renewables, advanced manufacturing, biotech, tourism, logistics and supply chain development.

Saudi Finance Minister Mohammed Al-Jadaan, speaking in a joint panel with US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent, described the scale of the Kingdom’s economic transformation in recent years as “unprecedented.”

“What we’ve achieved in record time is a structural transformation,” he said, noting that the share of private investment in GDP rose from under 16% to more than 23%, a significant jump for any emerging economy.

Bessent underscored the strength of economic ties between Washington and Riyadh, describing the relationship as “historic and robust,” and highlighting its importance to US policy.

He also noted that his first official engagement in office was with his Saudi counterpart, a clear indication of how high this relationship ranks on Washington’s agenda.

He added that the Trump administration is working to position the US as the world’s leading investment destination by focusing on three pillars: trade liberalization, tax reduction, and deregulation.

Bessent reaffirmed that the US views Saudi Arabia as a key economic partner in the region and a promising platform for investment and collaboration across multiple sectors.



Iran's Central Bank Chief Resigns

A man walks past a sign at a currency exchange bureau as the value of the Iranian rial drops, in Tehran, Iran, December 20, 2025. (Via Reuters)
A man walks past a sign at a currency exchange bureau as the value of the Iranian rial drops, in Tehran, Iran, December 20, 2025. (Via Reuters)
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Iran's Central Bank Chief Resigns

A man walks past a sign at a currency exchange bureau as the value of the Iranian rial drops, in Tehran, Iran, December 20, 2025. (Via Reuters)
A man walks past a sign at a currency exchange bureau as the value of the Iranian rial drops, in Tehran, Iran, December 20, 2025. (Via Reuters)

Iran's central bank chief, Mohammad Reza Farzin, has resigned, the semi-official ​Nournews agency reported on Monday, citing an official at the president's office, as the country battles a slump in its rial currency and high inflation.

The rial, which has been falling as the Iranian economy has suffered from the impact of Western sanctions, fell to a ‌new record low on ‌Monday at around 1,390,000 ‌to ⁠the ​dollar, according ‌to websites displaying open market rates.

Iranian media outlets reported there had been demonstrations in the capital Tehran, mainly by shop owners, against the economic situation.

Farzin has headed the central bank since December 2022. His resignation will be reviewed by President Masoud ⁠Pezeshkian, the official added, according to Nournews.

Iranian state media reported ‌later on Monday, citing the communications ‍and information deputy ‍at the Iranian president's office, that former Economy ‍Minister Abdolnaser Hemmati will be appointed as the new central bank chief.

Iranian media have said the government's recent economic liberalization policies have put pressure on the ​open-rate currency market.

The open-rate market is where ordinary Iranians buy foreign currency, whereas businesses typically ⁠use state-regulated rates.

The reimposition of US sanctions in 2018 during President Donald Trump's first term has harmed Iran's economy by limiting its oil exports and access to foreign currency.

The Iranian economy is at risk of recession, with the World Bank forecasting GDP will shrink by 1.7% in 2025 and 2.8% in 2026. The risk is compounded by rising inflation, which hit a 40-month high of ‌48.6% in October, according to Iran's Statistical Center.


Lebanon Signs Deal to Purchase Natural Gas from Egypt

A diesel storage tank is seen at the Middle East Oil Refinery Company (MIDOR) in Alexandria, Egypt, November 7, 2018. REUTERS/Amr Abdallah Dalsh
A diesel storage tank is seen at the Middle East Oil Refinery Company (MIDOR) in Alexandria, Egypt, November 7, 2018. REUTERS/Amr Abdallah Dalsh
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Lebanon Signs Deal to Purchase Natural Gas from Egypt

A diesel storage tank is seen at the Middle East Oil Refinery Company (MIDOR) in Alexandria, Egypt, November 7, 2018. REUTERS/Amr Abdallah Dalsh
A diesel storage tank is seen at the Middle East Oil Refinery Company (MIDOR) in Alexandria, Egypt, November 7, 2018. REUTERS/Amr Abdallah Dalsh

Lebanon said Monday it plans to purchase natural gas from Egypt, seeking to reduce its reliance on fuel oil for its ageing power plants in a country hamstrung by regular electricity cuts.

The electricity sector has cost Lebanon more than $40 billion since the end of its 1975-1990 civil war, and successive governments have failed to reduce losses, repair crumbling infrastructure or even guarantee regular power bill collections.

Residents rely on expensive private generators and solar panels to supplement the unreliable state supply.

Prime Minister Nawaf Salam's office said in a statement that the memorandum of understanding between Lebanon and Egypt sought "to meet Lebanon's needs for natural gas allocated for electricity generation".

It was signed by Lebanese Energy Minister Joe Saddi and Egyptian Petroleum Minister Karim Badawi, according to AFP.

"Lebanon's strategy is first to transition to the use of natural gas, and second, to diversify gas sources," Saddi said, adding that "the process will take time because pipelines need rehabilitation".

Lebanon will "contact donor agencies to see how they can help finance the rehabilitation" of the Lebanese section of the gas pipelines, he said, adding that repair work would take several months.

President Joseph Aoun said the memorandum of understanding was "a practical and essential step that will enable Lebanon to increase its electricity production".

A statement from Cairo's petroleum and mineral resources ministry said that "Egypt is fulfilling its role in supplying Lebanon with natural gas, with the aim of supporting energy security for Arab countries".

In 2022, Lebanon signed a deal to import natural gas from Egypt and Jordan via Syria to boost power supply, but the contracts were never implemented due to financing issues and US sanctions on Syria.

Washington recently lifted it Syria measures following the fall of longtime ruler Bashar al-Assad last year.

In April, Lebanon signed a $250 million agreement with the World Bank to modernise its electricity sector.


Chile to Restore Global Leadership in Lithium Production

Aerial view of brine ponds and processing areas of the lithium mine of the Chilean company SQM (Sociedad Quimica Minera) in the Atacama Desert, Calama, Chile, on September 12, 2022. (AFP)
Aerial view of brine ponds and processing areas of the lithium mine of the Chilean company SQM (Sociedad Quimica Minera) in the Atacama Desert, Calama, Chile, on September 12, 2022. (AFP)
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Chile to Restore Global Leadership in Lithium Production

Aerial view of brine ponds and processing areas of the lithium mine of the Chilean company SQM (Sociedad Quimica Minera) in the Atacama Desert, Calama, Chile, on September 12, 2022. (AFP)
Aerial view of brine ponds and processing areas of the lithium mine of the Chilean company SQM (Sociedad Quimica Minera) in the Atacama Desert, Calama, Chile, on September 12, 2022. (AFP)

Chile's state-owned copper producer, Codelco, together with Chinese-backed private miner, SQM, announced on Saturday the creation of a giant company to exploit lithium, often referred to as "white gold."

The South American country is the world’s second-largest producer of lithium, a key component of EVs and other clean technologies and has about 40% of the world’s lithium reserves.

The partnership between the firms will allow them to jointly ramp up the exploration of lithium in the Atacama region of northern Chile.

The public-private partnership will be named Nova Andino Litio SpA, said Codelco, which described the agreement as one of the most significant deals in Chilean business history.

The Chinese firm Tianqi holds 22% stake in SQM.

In a statement, Codelco said the new partnership will carry out lithium exploration, extraction, production, and commercialization activities in the Atacama salt flat until 2060.

The agreement was approved by more than 20 national and international regulatory authorities, including those in China, Brazil, Saudi Arabia, and the European Union.

Chile was the last of the countries to clear the deal. Last month, China gave the green light to the planned partnership between Codelco and SQM.

The new venture is intended to help Chile regain global leadership in lithium production, a position it lost to Australia nearly a decade ago.

The partnership aims to expand lithium output in the Atacama region, with plans to increase production by around 300,000 tons per year. In 2022, Chile produced 243,100 tons of lithium.

The partnership also aligns with Chile’s National Lithium Strategy, announced in 2023 by the leftist government of President Gabriel Boric, aimed at reclaiming Chile’s global leadership in lithium production.