Saudi Arabia’s NIDLP Contributes $262 Billion to Non-Oil Economy

 A factory affiliated with Ma'aden Company, East Saudi Arabia (Ma'aden) 
 A factory affiliated with Ma'aden Company, East Saudi Arabia (Ma'aden) 
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Saudi Arabia’s NIDLP Contributes $262 Billion to Non-Oil Economy

 A factory affiliated with Ma'aden Company, East Saudi Arabia (Ma'aden) 
 A factory affiliated with Ma'aden Company, East Saudi Arabia (Ma'aden) 

Saudi Arabia’s ambitious economic diversification drive under Vision 2030 continues to deliver solid results, with the National Industrial Development and Logistics Program (NIDLP) reporting a significant contribution of $262 billion to the Kingdom’s non-oil GDP in 2024.

According to NIDLP’s annual report, the program’s activities contributed 986 billion Saudi riyals ($263 billion), representing 39% of the non-oil GDP. This marks a rise from 949 billion riyals ($253 billion) in 2023. Overall, non-oil activities accounted for about 55% of the Kingdom’s total GDP.

The report highlights substantial growth in core NIDLP sectors. The manufacturing sector expanded by 4%, while mining, transportation, and storage sectors saw a 5% increase.

Non-oil exports surged to 514 billion riyals ($137 billion), reflecting a 13.2% year-on-year increase. These exports included 217 billion riyals ($58 billion) in goods, 91 billion riyals ($24.3 billion) in re-exports, and 207 billion riyals ($55.2 billion) in service exports. Among the leading manufactured exports were chemical products at 78.5 billion riyals ($20.9 billion), metals and metal products at 23.3 billion riyals ($6.2 billion), food and beverages at 10.5 billion riyals ($2.8 billion), and electrical equipment exports reaching 42.9 billion riyals ($11.4 billion).

Employment in sectors under the NIDLP umbrella reached 2.43 million workers in 2024, with 508,000 new jobs created, 81,000 of which were taken up by Saudi nationals.

Private sector investment in NIDLP industries totaled 665 billion riyals ($177.3 billion). The Saudi Industrial Development Fund approved loans worth 198 billion riyals ($52.8 billion), while the Saudi Export-Import Bank provided credit facilities valued at 69.14 billion riyals ($18.4 billion).

By the end of 2024, the number of industrial facilities in the Kingdom reached 12,500, while ready-built factories totaled 1,511. Cumulative investments in industrial cities and special economic zones reached 1.412 trillion riyals ($376.5 billion).

Domestic military industries also recorded notable gains, with local sales totaling 34.32 billion riyals ($9.15 billion). The Kingdom continues to push for localization across value chains, including sectors like medical supplies, automotive manufacturing, energy products, and petrochemicals.

Saudi Arabia launched renewable energy projects with a combined capacity of 20 gigawatts in 2024. New solar power agreements were signed for an additional 3.7 GW, while 3.6 GW of new capacity was brought online. A record-low global price for wind energy was achieved, contributing to an annual reduction of 1.7 million tons in carbon emissions.

In the mining sector, exploration spending rose to 228 riyals ($60.8) per square kilometer. Competitive bidding for mining sites increased by 380% compared to the previous year. The sector is targeting a GDP contribution of 176 billion riyals ($46.9 billion) and the creation of 219,000 jobs by 2030.

Logistics continues to emerge as a strategic pillar of the Saudi economy. In 2024, the government issued 1,056 logistics licenses and expanded re-export centers from just 2 in 2019 to 23. Port utilization rose to 64%, while customs clearance times dropped to a mere two hours, strengthening Saudi Arabia’s bid to become a global logistics hub.

The program also exceeded key 2024 benchmarks. The localization rate of the defense industry reached 19.35%, surpassing the 12.5% target. Local content reached 1.23 trillion riyals ($328 billion), above the targeted 1.11 trillion riyals ($296 billion). Emerging industries recorded exports worth 135.6 billion riyals ($36.2 billion), with 3,100 final licenses issued, well above the target of 845 licenses.

The NIDLP currently oversees 284 initiatives, 163 of which have been completed, marking a 57% completion rate. This reflects the program’s strong progress in driving forward Vision 2030’s industrial and economic goals.

 

 

 



AI Borrowing Binge Rattles US Markets

Tech giants are raising debt to finance the construction of data centers that power AI. Brandon Bell / GETTY IMAGES NORTH AMERICA/AFP
Tech giants are raising debt to finance the construction of data centers that power AI. Brandon Bell / GETTY IMAGES NORTH AMERICA/AFP
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AI Borrowing Binge Rattles US Markets

Tech giants are raising debt to finance the construction of data centers that power AI. Brandon Bell / GETTY IMAGES NORTH AMERICA/AFP
Tech giants are raising debt to finance the construction of data centers that power AI. Brandon Bell / GETTY IMAGES NORTH AMERICA/AFP

The world's richest companies can no longer rely on their massive cash piles alone to stay in the artificial intelligence race and have suddenly started borrowing massively in a shift that is sending repercussions across the world.

Rising US interest rates, including on the Treasury bonds that anchor the global economy, are sending tremors through the financial world, and some analysts point to the AI borrowing bonanza as one of the culprits, said AFP.

From next to nothing in 2024, tech sector borrowing has reached around $500 billion in the nine months since January, as Google, Meta, Amazon, Microsoft and others raise debt hand over fist to finance the chips, servers and data centers that power AI.

Goldman Sachs expects a further ramp-up in 2027, to $1.2 trillion.

"This is not something that we've seen before," said Chris Della Fave, senior vice president at fundraising advisory firm Post Oak Group, who estimates that AI now accounts for 25 percent of all corporate bond issuance, up from 4 percent two years ago.

In inflation-adjusted terms, the AI sector is expected to borrow more this year than US cable operators did to build out the entire internet, or than railroad companies did during the 19th-century US rail boom.

So far, investors have eagerly snapped up the chance to lend to the tech giants, but they have demanded returns that would have been unthinkable for such blue-chip companies not long ago.

Even Meta has had to offer more than 7 percent a year, while riskier cloud data center specialists have gone above 9 percent.

The impact reaches well beyond the companies building AI -- their debt is even starting to crowd out demand for the US government bonds that anchor the financial system.

An investor who might otherwise buy a US Treasury bond "might decide to buy Microsoft" instead, said Mark Malek, chief investment officer at Siebert Financial, referring to the tech giant's bonds.

That shift pushes up the rates Washington pays to borrow, he explained.

This adds to the other force driving up US borrowing costs: inflation, fueled by the war against Iran and high energy prices.

The interest rate on 10-year US government bonds -- Wall Street's benchmark and widely seen as the most important number in global finance, setting the tone for everything from mortgages to car loans -- is now above 5.30 percent, its highest level since 2002.

- 'Sharper correction' -

Adding to the volatility, hedge funds had piled into US government bonds like never before, holding 7 percent of all those in circulation at the end of 2025, though that share has since fallen.

Hedge funds, which place big bets on markets, move their money far faster than more cautious investors such as insurers and pension funds.

Even if the war and the oil situation stabilized, Della Fave said, "I wouldn't expect the yields to dramatically reduce, to be honest, because of this influence of the AI debt situation."

Beyond the rising cost of borrowing, some are questioning the risks of betting on an AI boom that could hit a wall, as the dot-com bubble did in 2000.

Even a moderate slowdown in the frenzied pace of construction, delays on certain projects or weaker-than-expected revenue growth could trigger a shock in financial markets, Malek warned.

In late September, the Bank of England's Financial Policy Committee warned that "the risk of a sharper correction persists," particularly if concerns about the pace of AI development or adoption hit earnings expectations.

In July, amid some second-guessing about the AI boom, the tech-heavy Nasdaq index fell nearly 7 percent.

Against this backdrop, cloud specialist Oracle is sometimes seen as a bellwether.

With massive debt ($125 billion), cash reserves that shrink every quarter and a possible delay on a huge data center project in New Mexico, several warning lights are flashing for Larry Ellison's group.

"Let's say Oracle has a problem... They can't pay for something," Malek said. Trouble with its debt "could trigger contagion" across AI finance as a whole, he added.


Gold Inches Lower as Firmer Dollar, Higher Yields Weigh

A woman passes in front of a gold shop in Hong Kong (AFP)
A woman passes in front of a gold shop in Hong Kong (AFP)
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Gold Inches Lower as Firmer Dollar, Higher Yields Weigh

A woman passes in front of a gold shop in Hong Kong (AFP)
A woman passes in front of a gold shop in Hong Kong (AFP)

Gold eased on Tuesday, pressured by a firmer US dollar and rising Treasury yields, though losses were limited by easing expectations of a Federal Reserve interest rate hike this month.

Spot gold slipped 0.3% to $4,128.69 per ounce by 0155 GMT. US gold futures were little changed at $4,156.00.

The dollar held firm, making greenback-denominated commodities more expensive for holders of other ‌currencies, Reuters said.

The 10- ‌and 30-year Treasury yields hit 24-year ‌highs ⁠on Monday as persistent ⁠bond market weakness weighed on sentiment.

"Fundamentals remain supportive of gold in the long term. The next big catalyst is likely to stem from geopolitical risk in the Middle East," said Kyle Rodda, senior financial market analyst at Capital.com.

"Alternatively, a significant change in US rate expectations could provide an ⁠impetus for the next break-out, so every ‌piece of price data will ‌be important."

Expectations of a US rate hike in October eased ‌after data on Friday showed US job growth slowed ‌more than expected in September and nonfarm payrolls for the prior two months were revised lower.

Traders are still pricing an 87% probability of an increase in December, according to CME's FedWatch Tool.

Higher ‌interest rates increase the opportunity cost of holding non-yielding gold.

Data showed US services sector activity ⁠slowed ⁠in September, while strong domestic demand stretched supply chains and pushed a measure of prices paid by businesses for inputs to its highest level in more than four years, suggesting inflation could remain elevated into 2027.

Elsewhere, Yemeni government forces staged a lightning advance to retake the coast around the Bab el-Mandeb Strait up to the city of Mocha, the government said, pushing the Iran-backed Houthis out of most of the areas they seized last month.

Among other metals, spot silver fell 0.6% to $60.67, platinum lost 0.7% to $1,710.08 and palladium eased 0.2% to $1,170.15.


Oil Stocks in US Strategic Petroleum Reserve Fall to Lowest Level since 1982

Crude oil, gasoline, and diesel storage tanks at Kinder Morgan's facility in Los Angeles (Reuters)
Crude oil, gasoline, and diesel storage tanks at Kinder Morgan's facility in Los Angeles (Reuters)
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Oil Stocks in US Strategic Petroleum Reserve Fall to Lowest Level since 1982

Crude oil, gasoline, and diesel storage tanks at Kinder Morgan's facility in Los Angeles (Reuters)
Crude oil, gasoline, and diesel storage tanks at Kinder Morgan's facility in Los Angeles (Reuters)

Stocks of crude oil in the US Strategic Petroleum Reserve fell to 283 million barrels last week, the lowest level since October 1982, according to data from the Department of Energy, Reuters reported.

The drawdowns are part of a US agreement to release 172 million barrels from the facility.

Additionally, the Trump administration last week said it is offering to loan energy companies 40 million barrels of oil from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.