Lebanon’s Central Bank Shifts Responsibility for ‘al-Qard al-Hassan' to the State

The BDL headquarters in Beirut (NNA) 
The BDL headquarters in Beirut (NNA) 
TT

Lebanon’s Central Bank Shifts Responsibility for ‘al-Qard al-Hassan' to the State

The BDL headquarters in Beirut (NNA) 
The BDL headquarters in Beirut (NNA) 

Lebanon’s central bank has placed responsibility for handling “al-Qard al-Hassan,” the financial arm of Hezbollah, squarely on the state.

In a statement clarifying Circular No. 170, issued in July, the Banque du Liban (BDL) called on the relevant ministries “to intervene in addressing the situation of any entity or organization under international sanctions that is neither licensed by the central bank nor subject to its supervision.”

The clarification came just hours after Finance Minister Yassin Jaber said BDL was attempting to address the activities of “al-Qard al-Hassan.”

Officials at the Finance Ministry later explained that Jaber’s remarks were not directed against the central bank. They noted that BDL is indeed responsible for licensing institutions engaged in lending and financial operations, but since “al-Qard al-Hassan” never obtained such authorization, the matter falls to the Interior Ministry, which originally issued its registration papers.

In Tuesday’s statement, BDL reaffirmed that the core objective of Circular 170 is “to prevent any funds, whether directly or indirectly, originating from Lebanese entities or organizations subject to international sanctions - particularly those from the US Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) - from entering the formal Lebanese banking sector.”

The bank warned that allowing such funds into the system would jeopardize relations with correspondent banks abroad, especially in the United States, which handles dollar transfers.

“In cases involving any sanctioned body that is unlicensed and not under BDL’s jurisdiction,” the statement added, “the responsibility rests entirely with the state and its ministries. Any suggestion otherwise assigns powers to the central bank that it does not possess under the Code of Money and Credit.”

Observers noted that the original circular was intended as much as a signal to the international community as a directive at home. The central bank sought to draw a clear line between Lebanon’s regulated financial system and the activities of associations tied to Hezbollah or similar groups. Licensed banks, financial institutions, money transfer firms, investment funds, and brokerage houses were explicitly instructed to avoid any direct or indirect dealings with unlicensed entities.

A senior financial source told Asharq Al-Awsat that the updated clarification was a response to both local and international demands for “decisive” steps against illegal financial activities, particularly those of “al-Qard al-Hassan.” By identifying the Interior Ministry as the competent authority, the central bank underscored the legal framework governing the association, which operates under a registration granted by that ministry.

The activities of “al-Qard al-Hassan,” which provides financial services outside Lebanon’s official system, remain a central concern for international donors and watchdogs. Both the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank have pressed Lebanon to bring such operations under control as a prerequisite for financial support and as part of broader reforms to restore global confidence in the country’s economy.

The US, meanwhile, continues to pressure Beirut to curb Hezbollah’s financial networks, viewing them as a key element of the group’s influence over Lebanon’s economic and social fabric.

Central Bank Governor Karim Souaid has already held direct consultations with US Treasury officials, particularly those overseeing anti-money laundering and counterterrorism finance. Discussions focused on safeguarding Lebanon’s financial sector, including its ties with American correspondent banks, and on addressing concerns raised by the Financial Action Task Force (FATF).

Meeting these requirements, officials believe, would help remove Lebanon from the “grey list” and open the door to restoring vital international support.

 

 



Oman and Yemen Sign Two Cooperation Agreements on Electricity Interconnection

Two cooperation agreements were signed on electricity interconnection between Oman and Yemen (Oman News Agency)
Two cooperation agreements were signed on electricity interconnection between Oman and Yemen (Oman News Agency)
TT

Oman and Yemen Sign Two Cooperation Agreements on Electricity Interconnection

Two cooperation agreements were signed on electricity interconnection between Oman and Yemen (Oman News Agency)
Two cooperation agreements were signed on electricity interconnection between Oman and Yemen (Oman News Agency)

Oman and Yemen signed two joint cooperation agreements on Sunday concerning an electricity interconnection project between the power grid in Oman's Dhofar Governorate and the power grid in Yemen's Al Mahrah Governorate, as part of the two countries' cooperation in the energy sector.

According to the Oman News Agency, the two agreements include supplying electricity to several areas in Al Mahrah, including Hawf and Shahan, as a first phase, through the electricity distribution network.

The planned loads are estimated at 3 megawatts for Hawf and 5 megawatts for Shahan, eventually reaching the city of Al Ghaydah with loads of up to 50 megawatts.

The agency said the project is part of efforts to support the stability and availability of electricity supplies in the beneficiary areas of Al Mahrah by connecting them to the electricity grid in Dhofar.

It added that the agreements aim to strengthen energy infrastructure, address electricity needs in the beneficiary areas, and promote stability, development, and the advancement of the social and commercial sectors.

According to the agency, the first agreement was signed on the Omani side by Ali Shammas, CEO of Nama Dhofar Services, and on the Yemeni side by Othman Owaid, Director General of the Public Electricity Corporation in Al Mahrah Governorate.

The second agreement was signed on the Omani side by Ahmed Al Abri, CEO of Dama Power and Water Procurement Company, while the Yemeni side was represented by engineer Mohsen Ali Balhaf, Director of the Yemeni Oil Company in Al Mahrah Governorate.


Saudi Arabia, Russia, Iraq, Kuwait, Kazakhstan, Algeria, and Oman Reaffirm Commitment to Market Stability

FILE PHOTO: OPEC logo is seen in this illustration taken June 25, 2026. REUTERS/Dado Ruvic/Illustration/File Photo
FILE PHOTO: OPEC logo is seen in this illustration taken June 25, 2026. REUTERS/Dado Ruvic/Illustration/File Photo
TT

Saudi Arabia, Russia, Iraq, Kuwait, Kazakhstan, Algeria, and Oman Reaffirm Commitment to Market Stability

FILE PHOTO: OPEC logo is seen in this illustration taken June 25, 2026. REUTERS/Dado Ruvic/Illustration/File Photo
FILE PHOTO: OPEC logo is seen in this illustration taken June 25, 2026. REUTERS/Dado Ruvic/Illustration/File Photo

The seven OPEC+ countries, which previously announced additional voluntary adjustments in April and November 2023, namely Saudi Arabia, Russia, Iraq, Kuwait, Kazakhstan, Algeria, and Oman met virtually on September 6, 2026, to review global market conditions and outlook, SPA reported.

The seven participating countries decided to maintain September 2026 required production for October 2026 as detailed in the table below.

The seven countries reiterated their collective commitment to achieve full conformity with the Declaration of Cooperation.

The seven OPEC+ countries will continue to hold monthly meetings to review market conditions.

The next meeting will be held on October 4, 2026.


South Korean Chips Head to Saudi Arabia: From Manufacturing to Computing

An AI chip with the South Korean flag (Reuters
An AI chip with the South Korean flag (Reuters
TT

South Korean Chips Head to Saudi Arabia: From Manufacturing to Computing

An AI chip with the South Korean flag (Reuters
An AI chip with the South Korean flag (Reuters

Chips are no longer merely electronic components hidden inside devices. They have become the foundation of the artificial intelligence economy, as global competition shifts from developing models to having the capacity to run them efficiently and at scale.

As demand for computing chips rises, the semiconductor industry is converging with energy, data centers, and digital infrastructure, creating a new map of technological power that extends beyond countries that manufacture chips to countries capable of hosting and operating the computing power they require.

In this race, Saudi Arabia is emerging as a growing destination for Asian chip and AI companies, driven by the availability of energy, the rapid expansion of data centers, and its ambition to build a sovereign AI ecosystem. South Korea, meanwhile, is moving to strengthen its position at the heart of the value chain by increasing government spending on chips, AI, and the infrastructure that supports both.

The decision by South Korean AI chipmaker Rebellions to establish its regional headquarters in Riyadh embodies this new intersection between those who make chips and those who have the capacity to run them. Its CEO, Sunghyun Park, told Asharq Al-Awsat that three main factors make Saudi Arabia an attractive destination for the company: high levels of energy availability, a commitment to developing AI infrastructure, and strong ambitions in sovereign AI.

Park added that the combination of these factors makes Riyadh a suitable location for Rebellions to expand its AI chip business.

The Korean company's move comes as Saudi Arabia works to expand its ability to accommodate growing demand for computing, alongside rising investment in data centers and AI projects.

Sunghyun Park, CEO of South Korean AI chipmaker Rebellions (Asharq Al-Awsat)

821 Trillion Won in Spending in 2027

South Korea proposed this week the largest government budget in its history, worth 821 trillion won ($596.92 billion) for 2027, an increase of 12.8 percent from the current year and the largest annual increase ever. A significant portion of the spending will be directed toward AI, semiconductors, and related infrastructure.

Seoul is betting on increased public spending to maintain its position in the semiconductor industry, one of the most important drivers of its economy, as global demand rises for chips used in AI applications.

The proposed budget includes 21.3 trillion won for industrial water systems, electricity grids, and logistics services needed to support the next generation of semiconductor infrastructure, along with 2.6 trillion won in a dedicated semiconductor budget.

South Korea is benefiting from the global surge in demand for high-bandwidth memory (HBM), which is used in AI systems, with Samsung Electronics and SK Hynix reporting strong profits driven by this demand.

"Sovereign AI" Connects Riyadh and Seoul

Park believes that the sovereign dimension of AI has become an important factor in countries' decisions about the technologies they use, particularly as some data and applications are tied to sensitive sectors. He said the need for AI technologies that can be managed locally is linked, among other things, to "national security," noting that sensitive information, such as nuclear energy or weapons programs, requires governments to control how AI is used, set its boundaries, and operate it entirely within the country.

This reflects one of the major trends in the AI market. Governments and companies are no longer focused solely on gaining access to advanced models. They are also concerned with where data is stored, where models are run, and who owns the infrastructure on which they depend.

Aramco and HUMAIN in the Chip Supply Chain

Rebellions already has an investment connection to Saudi Arabia. Park said Aramco invested in the company about two years ago, while Rebellions is in ongoing discussions with HUMAIN about strengthening supply chains for AI infrastructure technologies.

He said HUMAIN has become one of the most important organizations operating in AI in Saudi Arabia and globally, and that cooperation with the company could have a positive impact on the region's AI sector.

These moves come as Saudi Arabia continues to expand its digital infrastructure, including data centers. This provides companies specializing in chips and computing with a potential regional market that goes beyond simply selling components to participating in the construction of the AI ecosystem itself.

Competition Is Shifting From Chip Speed to Operating Cost

Rebellions does not believe that competition in the AI chip market will be decided solely by a chip's ability to process more tokens per second. Instead, it will increasingly come down to the long-term cost of running AI.

Park said the company is focused on developing technologies that deliver "higher AI performance at a lower economic cost," explaining that an important metric for customers is not simply the number of tokens that can be processed per second, but also "cost per token."

The company's model focuses heavily on inference rather than distributing its efforts equally between inference and model training.

Park explained that inference is gradually becoming commoditized, meaning companies and users will increasingly care about obtaining good results at a reasonable cost, regardless of the specific technology used behind the scenes.

Energy Becomes Part of the AI Equation

This factor is becoming particularly important as energy consumption associated with data centers rises. The cost of electricity and chip efficiency have become part of the economic calculation involved in expanding AI use.

This is where the calculations of Riyadh and Seoul meet from two different angles. South Korea is investing in chips, electricity grids, and the industrial infrastructure needed to maintain its position in the value chain. Saudi Arabia, meanwhile, is building the energy supply, infrastructure, and data centers needed to absorb the next wave of computing.

The AI race between countries, therefore, is no longer only about models and software. It is about who makes the chips, who owns the data centers, who can provide the energy, and who can deliver all of it at the lowest possible cost.