Saudi Central Bank to Asharq Al-Awsat: Payment Digitization Anchors Kingdom's Global Financial Hub Status

Abdulelah Aldeheem, Assistant Governor for Executive Affairs at the Saudi Central Bank. (Turky Al-Agili)
Abdulelah Aldeheem, Assistant Governor for Executive Affairs at the Saudi Central Bank. (Turky Al-Agili)
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Saudi Central Bank to Asharq Al-Awsat: Payment Digitization Anchors Kingdom's Global Financial Hub Status

Abdulelah Aldeheem, Assistant Governor for Executive Affairs at the Saudi Central Bank. (Turky Al-Agili)
Abdulelah Aldeheem, Assistant Governor for Executive Affairs at the Saudi Central Bank. (Turky Al-Agili)

The Saudi Central Bank is spearheading a comprehensive regulatory and technical initiative to transform the Kingdom’s digital payments landscape, shifting from traditional banking to establishing a global financial hub, opening the sector to regulated foreign investment, and licensing more international electronic payment applications.

The effort forms part of a broader initiative to enhance the competitiveness of the national economy and solidify Saudi Arabia’s position as a regional and global financial hub.

The push includes updating regulatory frameworks, enabling payments companies, e-wallet providers, and foreign-owned exchange houses, as well as expanding the acceptance of international wallets and applications at points of sale and across e-commerce platforms.

The measures are intended to broaden payment options for individuals, visitors, and investors, raise efficiency in the financial sector, and enhance the appeal of the Saudi market to global capital.

Within this framework, Abdulelah Aldeheem, Assistant Governor for Executive Affairs at the Saudi Central Bank, told Asharq Al-Awsat that the central bank’s new strategy aims to create a society that is less dependent on cash while ensuring the highest levels of cybersecurity and consumer protection.

Aldeheem said the central bank continuously analyzes global developments in payments and adapts them to local market needs. Through ongoing cooperation with peer central banks and international organizations, it monitors and evaluates innovations, exploring modern technologies to keep pace with the rapid changes in this vital and sensitive sector, while safeguarding financial stability.

He stated that the central bank is committed to adopting and integrating the latest technologies to deliver advanced and secure financial services that meet user expectations, thereby reinforcing Saudi Arabia’s standing as a leading financial center in the region.

This work aligns with the bank’s strategy to enhance the payments ecosystem by providing secure and reliable core payment services that ensure interoperability and ease of access.

Broad regulatory powers over payments

Aldeheem stated that the Saudi Central Bank is the authority responsible for supervising and overseeing the payments sector, exercising all powers necessary to ensure financial stability, encourage innovation, and protect customers, in accordance with the Payments and Payment Services Law and its executive regulations.

These powers include issuing rules, regulations, and instructions governing payment systems and services, licensing and renewing payment system operators, setting capital, governance, and risk management requirements, classifying systemically important payment systems, overseeing payments infrastructure to ensure efficiency and continuity, obliging providers to safeguard and segregate customer funds and data, and conducting inspections and supervision.

Consumer protection at the core

On consumer protection, Aldeheem said that the central bank prioritizes protecting customers in the financial sector in line with international best practices. Regulatory frameworks require payment service providers to comply with provisions related to framework agreements, including the nature of the service, execution timelines, fees, currencies, and complaint handling.

Rules also cover the safeguarding of protected funds, including holding them in separate accounts at licensed banks. Providers are required to offer effective channels for receiving and resolving complaints fairly and transparently, comply with cybersecurity requirements, and adhere to final settlement rules and default management frameworks to protect customer rights.

The central bank licenses two types of payment activities, electronic wallets and payment services. Aldeheem said 28 companies are currently licensed, including 13 e-wallet providers and 15 payment service companies.

Future of ATMs

Despite the rapid growth of electronic payments, Aldeheem said the central bank closely monitors developments related to automated teller machines.

It has established a regulatory and supervisory framework for ATM networks and set clear rules for banks to ensure effective monitoring, thereby encouraging geographic coverage in line with financial inclusion targets, he told Asharq Al-Awsat.

Foreign ownership

Foreign investors can enter the exchange sector by either opening a branch of a foreign company or establishing a local firm. Aldeheem said foreign investors are permitted to own exchange companies in Saudi Arabia with full ownership.

Licenses enable exchange firms to buy and sell foreign currencies, as well as handle imports and exports. He noted that a Saudi company with foreign capital, Global Exchange AS Currency Services Ltd, was licensed in September as part of the sector's regulated opening to foreign investment.

Regulation of buy now, pay later services

Regarding buy-now, pay-later services, Aldeheem stated that the activity is classified as a financing service licensed by the Saudi Central Bank. It provides financing for goods and services without deferred payment costs and, in some cases, covers education or medical expenses, extending beyond traditional consumer finance.

The central bank issued rules governing BNPL companies to protect users, particularly individuals, ensure financing aligns with borrowers’ credit profiles, and safeguard the stability of the sector. The rules were reviewed and updated in November 2024.

Seven companies have been licensed to operate BNPL services, while six others are completing licensing requirements. New financing during the first nine months of 2025 reached about 28 billion riyals ($7.5 billion).

Users aged 25 to 45 accounted for around 67 percent of total financing. Wholesale and retail trade accounted for approximately 70 percent, followed by health services at 9 percent.

Growth in Mada point-of-sale transactions

Aldeheem said transactions processed through the national payments system, Mada, for point-of-sale devices rose 16 percent in 2024 from the previous year, reaching 10.4 billion transactions worth more than 668 billion riyals ($178.1 billion).

The growth coincided with a sharp expansion in POS devices, which exceeded 2.3 million units by the end of October 2025, the highest level on record, reflecting the depth of the shift toward electronic payments in the Saudi market.

Cash and electronic payments

While electronic transactions now account for 79 percent of operations, Aldeheem said the central bank does not aim to eliminate cash entirely. Its objective is to build a society that is less reliant on cash, while maintaining the national currency's acceptance as legal tender.

He stressed that ensuring the availability of all payment options, including cash, supports financial inclusion and serves residents and visitors alike.

Global payment applications

Regarding services such as Apple Pay, Samsung Pay, and Google Pay, Aldeheem explained that the central bank supports new entrants that meet regulatory requirements. Several new electronic payment applications are expected to launch in the near term, supported by interoperable infrastructure that allows seamless use at POS terminals and e-commerce platforms.

Saudi Arabia was among the first countries globally to adopt NFC-based mobile payments, he revealed, adding that the central bank continues to improve user experience while maintaining high security standards.

To facilitate payments for tourists and visitors, the central bank has invested in payments infrastructure for decades, linking global networks including Visa, Mastercard, American Express, UnionPay, Discover, and JCB through the Mada system.

Aldeheem said acceptance of international networks is being expanded in line with growth in tourist numbers. He cited a recent agreement between the Saudi Central Bank and Ant International, which will enable the acceptance of Alipay+ payments via Mada in 2026.

The bank has also worked to reduce the cost of accepting international card payments by reviewing fee structures with payment service providers, banks, and global card networks, supporting competitiveness in sectors such as hospitality and retail.

Unified digital services platform

Aldeheem said the central bank is enhancing its digital channels in line with national digital transformation goals. A unified electronic services portal has been launched, providing over 25 services to individuals, businesses, and government entities.

These include digital government banking services, regulatory sandbox applications, approvals for senior management appointments, ATM licensing, and consumer complaints services.

Digital check clearing and cybersecurity

Among the digital transformation initiatives is electronic check clearing, which processes check data electronically through a central clearing house, enabling settlement within one business day.

On cybersecurity, Aldeheem said requirements are embedded across all digital initiatives, with continuous testing to ensure readiness against evolving threats. National expertise within the central bank plays a key role in monitoring systems and strengthening defenses.

Currency in circulation and counterfeit protection

Addressing the rise in currency in circulation to nearly 250 billion riyals ($66 billion), Aldeheem cited economic growth, higher consumption, increased tourism, and year-round Umrah as key factors contributing to this increase. Cash in circulation accounts for approximately 6 percent of GDP and reflects confidence in the local economy.

Regarding counterfeiting, he stated that the sixth currency issue, printed under Custodian of the Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, incorporates advanced security features.

The central bank has conducted awareness campaigns and training sessions for banks, customs officials, security agencies, and private sector workers to maintain trust in the national currency as a reliable means of payment and savings.



TotalEnergies Output Down 15%; Operations at SATORP Refinery in Saudi Arabia Are Normal

FILE PHOTO: The logo of French oil and gas company TotalEnergies is seen on a gas station in Drancy, France March 17, 2025. REUTERS/Abdul Saboor/File Photo
FILE PHOTO: The logo of French oil and gas company TotalEnergies is seen on a gas station in Drancy, France March 17, 2025. REUTERS/Abdul Saboor/File Photo
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TotalEnergies Output Down 15%; Operations at SATORP Refinery in Saudi Arabia Are Normal

FILE PHOTO: The logo of French oil and gas company TotalEnergies is seen on a gas station in Drancy, France March 17, 2025. REUTERS/Abdul Saboor/File Photo
FILE PHOTO: The logo of French oil and gas company TotalEnergies is seen on a gas station in Drancy, France March 17, 2025. REUTERS/Abdul Saboor/File Photo

TotalEnergies has lost 15% of its oil and gas output as the US-Israeli war with Iran shuts fields across the Middle East, including in the UAE, Qatar and Iraq, the French oil major said on its investor website.

That output accounts for ⁠about 10% of ⁠Total's upstream cash flow, it added.

Total said its offshore production in the UAE is shut. The UAE produces around half its oil output from offshore fields.

The French firm said income from an $8 per barrel rise in oil prices that has occurred as a consequence of the ⁠war would ⁠more than offset the loss of output in the Middle East this year as it brings online additional production elsewhere.

Operations at its SATORP refinery in Saudi Arabia are normal, it added.

The impact of shutdowns in Qatar of liquefied natural gas production are limited to two million tons of LNG for Total.


Oil Unlikely to Hit $200 a Barrel, US Energy Chief Says

A foreign tanker carrying Iraqi fuel oil damaged after catching fire in Iraq's territorial waters, following unidentified attacks that targeted two foreign tankers, according to Iraqi port officials, near Basra, Iraq, March 12, 2026.  REUTERS/Mohammed Aty
A foreign tanker carrying Iraqi fuel oil damaged after catching fire in Iraq's territorial waters, following unidentified attacks that targeted two foreign tankers, according to Iraqi port officials, near Basra, Iraq, March 12, 2026. REUTERS/Mohammed Aty
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Oil Unlikely to Hit $200 a Barrel, US Energy Chief Says

A foreign tanker carrying Iraqi fuel oil damaged after catching fire in Iraq's territorial waters, following unidentified attacks that targeted two foreign tankers, according to Iraqi port officials, near Basra, Iraq, March 12, 2026.  REUTERS/Mohammed Aty
A foreign tanker carrying Iraqi fuel oil damaged after catching fire in Iraq's territorial waters, following unidentified attacks that targeted two foreign tankers, according to Iraqi port officials, near Basra, Iraq, March 12, 2026. REUTERS/Mohammed Aty

US Energy Secretary Chris Wright said on Thursday that oil prices are unlikely to reach $200 a barrel, with President Donald Trump touting US gains from higher prices as the war with Iran disrupted traffic through the Strait of Hormuz.

"I would say unlikely, but we are focused on the military operation and solving a problem," Wright told CNN when asked if prices would reach $200 a barrel - a level that an Iranian official said prices could hit if the war further escalates, Reuters reported.

Wright's use of the word "unlikely" was a veiled concession that a spike to $200 was possible, though he repeated that the price jump would be weeks not months.

Brent oil hit all-time highs in 2008 of around $147 per barrel, on tension between the West and Iran over its nuclear program, a weak US dollar, and inflation fears.

This time analysts say oil prices could remain high because of the strait's unprecedented shuttering.

"Get ready for the oil barrel to be at $200 because the oil price depends on the regional security which you have destabilized," Ebrahim Zolfaqari, the spokesperson for Tehran's Khatam al-Anbiya military command headquarters, said on Wednesday.

Wright told CNN: "We're in the midst of a significant disruption in the short term to fix the security of energy flow for the long term." The administration was focused on "pragmatic solutions ... to get through these few weeks of tight energy supply," he said.

Trump wrote in a social media post: "The United States is the largest Oil Producer in the World, by far, so when oil prices go up, we make a lot of money." He said he was more focused on stopping Iran from having nuclear weapons.

On Wednesday, Trump urged oil companies to travel through the strait despite the risks. "I think they should use the strait," Trump said. Asked if Iranian mines were in the strait, he added: "We don't think so."

Wright told CNBC on Thursday that the US Navy cannot escort ships through the Strait of Hormuz now but it was "quite likely" that could happen by the end of the month.

On Wednesday, more than 30 countries in the International Energy Agency agreed to the biggest-ever coordinated drawdown of global oil reserves of 400 million barrels, about 40% of which will come from the United States.

The war has forced Middle East Gulf countries to cut total oil production by at least 10 million barrels per day, about 10% of world demand. The IEA said on Thursday that is the biggest oil supply disruption in the history of the global market.

The US will release 172 million barrels of oil from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which Wright on Thursday said would be swapped with more than 200 million barrels that will be put back in the reserve within a year.

Wright told CNBC the energy shortages were less likely to affect the United States and other Western Hemisphere countries. "There's no shortage or even really tight oil market in the Western Hemisphere. The issue's in Asia."

US gasoline prices continue to spike 13 days into the war at an average of $3.60 per gallon, according to AAA. Rising oil prices are also likely to boost the costs of other goods, with the closed strait also stalling shipments of fertilizer ingredients and likely raising prices on household items that could hit consumers for months.

Trump had campaigned on lower gasoline and other prices, with Americans set to vote this November in midterm elections that will decide whether his fellow Republicans keep control of Congress.


Saudi Arabia Named Top 10 Global Mining Investment Destination

A view of the skyline of the Saudi capital, Riyadh (SPA)
A view of the skyline of the Saudi capital, Riyadh (SPA)
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Saudi Arabia Named Top 10 Global Mining Investment Destination

A view of the skyline of the Saudi capital, Riyadh (SPA)
A view of the skyline of the Saudi capital, Riyadh (SPA)

Saudi Arabia has been named among the world’s top ten mining investment destinations in the Fraser Institute’s Annual Survey of Mining Companies 2025, one of the most respected global benchmarks for assessing mining investment environments and a key reference for international investors.

The report shows that the Kingdom’s mining sector has capped an unprecedented rise on the main ‘Investment Attractiveness Index,’ climbing 13 positions and improving its score by 14.3% within a single year, becoming the only Asian jurisdiction ranked among the world’s top ten mining destinations in 2025, SPA reported.

This milestone reflects a remarkable transformation of the Kingdom’s mining sector, rising from 104th place in 2013 to 23rd in 2024, and now firmly establishing Saudi Arabia as a top ten global destination for mining investment.

This global recognition is based on strong gains in the two fundamental sub-indices. In the ‘Policy Perception Index,’ Saudi Arabia jumped from 20th place last year to 4th globally, scoring 94.99. In the ‘Mineral Potential Index,’ it grew from 24th to 16th, with a score of 73.33. These results reinforce the Kingdom’s message that its investment competitiveness rests on two interlinked criteria: promising geological resources and a modern regulatory framework supported by clear and efficient governance.

Across the detailed policy criteria, Saudi Arabia achieved exceptional results, ranking first globally in three key categories. The Kingdom ranked first globally in ‘Uncertainty Concerning the Administration & Regulations,’ reflecting clarity of mining regulations and executive administration, It recorded a remarkable 558% improvement, driven by the implementation of the new Mining Investment Law and its legal system, the establishment of ESNAD (Saudi Mining Services Company) to strengthen oversight and compliance, and the automation of licensing procedures through the Ta’adeen digital platform.

Saudi Arabia also ranked first globally in ‘Regulatory Duplication and Inconsistencies,’ reflecting success in coordinated efforts across government entities. In addition, the Kingdom ranked first globally in the ‘Taxation Regime,’ strengthening investor confidence and improving the financial competitiveness of mining projects.

In related indicators, Saudi Arabia ranked second globally in ‘Uncertainty Concerning Environmental Regulations’ and third globally in ‘Uncertainty Concerning Disputed Land Claims.’ These results reflect the strength, clarity, and stability of the Kingdom’s environmental regulatory framework, as well as the effectiveness of policies governing land claims and community development. The rankings highlight the impact of coordinated efforts with the Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, alongside structured approaches to managing community engagement requirements around mining operations.

The Kingdom also recorded a significant improvement in the ‘Infrastructure indicator,’ which includes access to roads and energy availability. This progress reflects ongoing efforts to enhance infrastructure, notably through the launch of the Mining Infrastructure Enablement Initiative at the fifth edition of the Future Minerals Forum, held in January.

These top rankings were accompanied by exceptional qualitative leaps, averaging over 100% in other critical criteria. The ‘Legal System’ criterion

improved by 211%, while the ‘Quality of Geological Database’ rose by 203% due to the inclusion of extensive geological survey data, establishing a more transparent and reliable investment environment.

Commenting on the achievement, Vice Minister of Industry and Mineral Resources for Mining Affairs Eng. Khalid bin Saleh Al-Mudaifer said the Kingdom’s entry into the global top ten reflects the depth of reforms implemented under Saudi Vision 2030 in the mining sector.

He noted that the ranking demonstrates the maturity and resilience of Saudi Arabia’s investment environment as the Kingdom positions itself to meet rising global demand for minerals.

Looking ahead, the vice minister added that the ministry will continue to strengthen the sector as a driver of industrial and economic growth by developing legislative and regulatory frameworks that enhance investor confidence and reinforce the Kingdom’s long-term competitiveness.

In addition, he said the Fraser Institute results provide independent international recognition of the rapid transformation underway in Saudi Arabia’s mining sector.

He further noted that ongoing efforts focus on improving the investor experience through greater transparency, faster licensing procedures, and reduced exploration risks, while strengthening supply chain localization and supporting the creation of high-quality employment opportunities.

These regulatory developments are translating into tangible investment outcomes. In 2025, Saudi Arabia issued 61 exploitation licenses for mine development, with investment valued at $11.73 billion (SAR44 billion), compared with 21 licenses in 2024, which represents an increase of 221%.

Active exploration companies increased from six in 2020 to 226 in 2024, representing more than 38‑fold growth. Meanwhile, the number of active exploration mining licenses reached 1,018 by 2025, compared with 500 licenses in 2020, reflecting a growth of approximately 104%.

Saudi Arabia’s Ministry of Industry and Mineral Resources continues to attract investment and facilitate the investor journey through competitive exploration licensing rounds. These rounds have seen unprecedented international interest from leading global mining companies and consortia, including Barrick Gold, Ivanhoe Electric, Shandong Gold, Hancock Prospecting, and Zijin Mining.

As part of these efforts, the ministry recently launched the 11th licensing round, opening competition for exploration licenses across eight mining sites in the regions of Riyadh, Hail, and Aseer, covering a total area of 1,878 km² and targeting deposits of gold, silver, copper, zinc, and iron ore.

To support early‑stage exploration and reduce financial risk, the report also highlighted the ‘Exploration Enablement Program’ as an effective tool for supporting exploration companies. The Kingdom has allocated over $182.67 million (SAR685 million) to the program for the period 2024–2030, targeting exploration licenses in their first five years and requiring participating companies to share geological data to accelerate knowledge exchange and improve the quality of investment decisions.

This advanced ranking and historic progress reflect Saudi Arabia’s continued success in advancing the objectives of Vision 2030: positioning mining as the third pillar of the national industrial base and strengthening the Kingdom’s role as a leading global investment destination and a trusted partner in securing future mineral supply chains.

The survey evaluated 68 mining jurisdictions worldwide, based on 256 responses from senior executives representing global mining companies.