Erdogan’s Saudi Visit to Boost Economic, Investment Ties

Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman holding talks with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan in Riyadh on Feb. 3 (Turkish Presidency)
Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman holding talks with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan in Riyadh on Feb. 3 (Turkish Presidency)
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Erdogan’s Saudi Visit to Boost Economic, Investment Ties

Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman holding talks with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan in Riyadh on Feb. 3 (Turkish Presidency)
Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman holding talks with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan in Riyadh on Feb. 3 (Turkish Presidency)

Türkiye President Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s visit to Saudi Arabia has given fresh momentum to economic ties between the two countries and opened new avenues for cooperation in trade, energy, and joint investments.

A joint statement issued at the end of Erdogan’s visit to Riyadh on Wednesday said the two sides were determined to move ahead with strengthening their political and economic partnership.

The statement said that Erdogan and Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman “held a session of official talks during which they reviewed the historical relations between the two brotherly countries and ways to develop them in all fields.”

The statement showed Saudi-Turkish alignment on deepening economic and investment cooperation and on capitalizing on opportunities offered by Saudi Vision 2030 and the Century of Türkiye Vision.

“In the economic, trade, and investment sectors, both sides commended the strength of the economic ties between the two countries and agreed on further strengthening them, particularly in sectors of mutual priority. They also agreed to capitalize on the investment opportunities offered by the (Saudi Vision 2030) and (Century of Türkiye Vision), for the mutual benefit of both economies,” the statement read.

Emphasizing boosting non-oil trade and activating the Saudi-Turkish Business Council, the statement said the leaders “praised the level of trade exchange and stressed the importance of continued joint efforts to develop the non-oil trade volume, intensify mutual visits between officials in the public and private sectors, and hold trade events in both countries through the (Saudi-Turkish Business Council).”

Energy cooperation

Energy featured prominently in the discussions, with both sides stressing the importance of cooperation in oil, petrochemicals, and renewable energy, and exploring electricity interconnection, clean hydrogen, and energy supply chains to enhance energy security and sustainability.

“Both sides agreed to enhance cooperation in the fields of oil, oil derivatives, and petrochemical supply, and to work together to exploit investment opportunities in the petrochemical and agricultural nutrients sectors, as well as to cooperate on innovative uses of hydrocarbons,” the statement read.

“Both sides affirmed their desire to enhance cooperation in the fields of electricity and renewable energy, leveraging both countries’ extensive experience in renewable energy integration and the Kingdom’s large-scale energy investments.”

“They committed to expediting feasibility studies for electrical interconnection between the two countries, exchanging expertise in electricity and renewable energy technologies and grid automation, electrical grid security and resilience, renewable energy projects, grid interconnection, energy storage technologies, and promoting the participation of companies from both sides in implementing these projects,” it affirmed.

“They also emphasized the importance of strengthening cooperation in energy efficiency and conservation, raising awareness of its importance, and exchanging expertise in the energy services sector and capacity building in this field.”

The two sides also underscored cooperation in mining and the production of critical minerals in support of the global energy transition.

“Both sides agreed to strengthen cooperation in the exploration, extraction, and processing of mineral resources. They also emphasized the importance of international cooperation and joint ventures in critical minerals to ensure the security of supply chains essential for the global energy transition.”

Several agreements and memoranda of understanding were signed during a meeting of the Saudi-Turkish Coordination Council on the sidelines of the visit, covering energy, justice, space, and research and development.

Regarding the Saudi-Turkish Coordination Council, the statement said: “Both sides commended the level of coordination and cooperation within the framework of the (Saudi-Turkish Coordination Council), aimed at achieving shared interests and advancing them to new horizons across all sectors.”

“They emphasized the importance of strengthening cooperation and partnership in the following areas: digital economy, artificial intelligence, emerging technologies, and space technologies; transportation, logistics, and civil aviation; law and justice; culture; tourism; sports and youth; scientific and educational cooperation; media; environment, water, agriculture, and food security; customs, defense industries; Health.”

Reflecting the strong desire to deepen strategic energy cooperation, Saudi Energy Minister Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman and Turkish Energy and Natural Resources Minister Alparslan Bayraktar signed an agreement to collaborate on renewable power generation projects totaling about $2 billion in investment.

The agreement aims to enhance cooperation in renewable energy and green technologies and to support the development and implementation of high-quality projects that help diversify the energy mix, strengthen energy security, and accelerate the shift toward a low-carbon economy in line with both countries’ priorities.

It includes the development and implementation of solar power plants in Türkiye with a total installed capacity of up to 5,000 megawatts in two phases.

The first phase includes two solar projects in the Turkish provinces of Sivas and Karaman, with a combined capacity of 2,000 megawatts. In contrast, the second phase covers additional projects under agreed frameworks, adding an extra 3,000 megawatts.

Projects under the first phase will offer electricity prices that are highly competitive with those of other renewable plants in Türkiye. With investments of about $2 billion, the plants will supply electricity to more than two million Turkish households.

A state-owned Turkish company will purchase the electricity generated by the plants for 30 years, while the projects will maximize the use of locally sourced equipment and services during implementation.

Boost to foreign investment

Turkish Treasury and Finance Minister Mehmet Simsek said the agreement would significantly boost foreign direct investment inflows into Türkiye.

Writing on X on Wednesday, Simsek said "the pace of FDI is picking up, underscoring the growing credibility of our economic program."

"An FDI inflow of USD2bn in Türkiye’s renewable energy projects will accelerate the green transition, enhance energy security, and structurally reduce reliance on energy imports," he added.

Simsek also noted that foreign direct investment in Türkiye reached $12.4 billion in the first 11 months of 2025, up 28% from the same period in 2024.

Economic relations between Saudi Arabia and Türkiye have seen substantial growth over the past two years, reflected in rising trade volumes.

Türkiye’s interest in further strengthening ties was evident in Erdogan’s decision to bring a large business delegation of around 200 company heads and representatives to Riyadh, alongside officials from regional offices of Turkish companies.

The private sector plays a central role in the Saudi-Turkish partnership. Participants at the Saudi-Turkish Economic Forum, held on the sidelines of Erdogan’s visit, stressed the need to enter a new phase focused on implementing joint projects.

Trade growth accelerates

Turkish direct investments in Saudi Arabia have exceeded $2 billion, concentrated in manufacturing, real estate, construction, agriculture, and trade.

Nail Olpak, head of Türkiye’s Foreign Economic Relations Board, said trade with Saudi Arabia was growing at a rapid pace, noting that despite a slowdown in overseas activity by Turkish contractors, they continue to carry out major projects in the kingdom.

According to the latest official Saudi data, total trade between the two countries reached about $8 billion in 2025, up 14% from the previous year. By the end of last year, 1,473 investment licenses had been issued to active Turkish companies.

Saudi Arabia exports crude oil and petrochemical products to Türkiye and imports a range of goods, including carpets, processed stone for construction, tobacco products, food, and furniture.

Data from the Turkish Statistical Institute showed bilateral trade of $5.59 billion in 2015, $5.007 billion in 2016, $4.845 billion in 2017, $4.954 billion in 2018, and $5.107 billion in 2019.

After a decline in 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, trade rebounded to $6.493 billion in 2022 and $6.825 billion in 2023, exceeding $7 billion in 2024.

Türkiye’s exports to Saudi Arabia rose to $3.1496 billion in 2025, out of the total bilateral trade of about $8 billion.



India Turns to Latin American, African Oil After Hormuz Disruption

 A worker holds a nozzle to pump fuel in a vehicle at a petrol pump in New Delhi, India, May 19, 2026. (Reuters)
A worker holds a nozzle to pump fuel in a vehicle at a petrol pump in New Delhi, India, May 19, 2026. (Reuters)
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India Turns to Latin American, African Oil After Hormuz Disruption

 A worker holds a nozzle to pump fuel in a vehicle at a petrol pump in New Delhi, India, May 19, 2026. (Reuters)
A worker holds a nozzle to pump fuel in a vehicle at a petrol pump in New Delhi, India, May 19, 2026. (Reuters)

Indian refiners turned to imports from Latin America and Africa after supplies from the Middle East were disrupted as the Israeli-US war on Iran restricted shipping in the Strait of Hormuz, data provided by trade sources show.

Refiners in the world's third-largest oil importer and consumer bought most of their crude from the nearby Middle East until the war broke out at the end of February.

In April and May, Indian refiners raised imports ‌from Venezuela, Brazil, Angola ‌and Nigeria to make up the shortfall, as well ‌as ⁠continuing to buy ⁠Russian oil, preliminary data from Kpler show.

Last month, India skipped purchases from Iraq as exports were halted, while it received Iranian oil after a gap of seven years following a temporary waiver granted by Washington to help stabilize global oil prices.

New Delhi reduced imports from Russia by about 29.4% from March to 1.6 million barrels per day as Nayara Energy shut its 400,000-bpd ⁠refinery for maintenance, the data showed.

However, in May, ‌India is due to get about ‌1.9 million bpd of Russian oil and about 41,000 bpd of Iraqi oil, preliminary data ‌from Kpler showed.

Overall, India imported 4.57 million bpd oil in ‌April, unchanged from March, but down 15.5% from a year earlier, the data showed.

Imports from the United Arab Emirates rebounded in April to 669,700 bpd from 230,600 bpd in March while intake of Saudi Arabian oil stayed at about 619,500 bpd, ‌the data showed.

The UAE and Saudi Arabia are the only Gulf producers with pipelines that export crude bypassing ⁠the Strait ⁠of Hormuz, while Kuwait, Iraq, Qatar, and Bahrain rely on the waterway for shipments.

The share of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, including the UAE as its member during the month, in India's imports rose to 45.2% in April from about 30% in March, the data showed. The UAE exited OPEC in May.

Higher imports from the UAE helped arrest a decline in the Middle East's share of India's imports, while the share of Russian oil declined to about 35% from nearly 50%.

Russia remained India's top oil supplier, followed by the UAE and Saudi Arabia. Brazil was the fourth-largest supplier, while Venezuela ranked fifth. Venezuela is on course to become the fourth-largest supplier in May, Kpler data showed.


Asian Shares Mostly Gain and Oil Prices Fall After Trump Says Peace Talks on Iran War Are Proceeding

 People walk in front of an electronic stock board showing Japan's Nikkei index at a securities firm Monday, May 25, 2026, in Tokyo. (AP)
People walk in front of an electronic stock board showing Japan's Nikkei index at a securities firm Monday, May 25, 2026, in Tokyo. (AP)
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Asian Shares Mostly Gain and Oil Prices Fall After Trump Says Peace Talks on Iran War Are Proceeding

 People walk in front of an electronic stock board showing Japan's Nikkei index at a securities firm Monday, May 25, 2026, in Tokyo. (AP)
People walk in front of an electronic stock board showing Japan's Nikkei index at a securities firm Monday, May 25, 2026, in Tokyo. (AP)

Asian shares mostly rose Monday and oil prices plunged after US President Donald Trump said talks on ending the war with Iran are progressing.

Japan's benchmark Nikkei 225 surged 2.8% to 65,130.03. Australia's S&P/ASX 200 added 0.4% to 8,692.00. The Shanghai Composite gained 0.8% to 4,143.97.

Trading was closed in South Korea and Hong Kong for local holidays. Markets will be closed in the US on Monday for Memorial Day.

Trump said negotiations with Iran were “proceeding in an orderly and constructive manner.” Meanwhile, regional officials told The Associated Press on Sunday that the United States is close to reaching a deal with Iran that would end the war, reopen the Strait of Hormuz and see Iran give up its stockpile of highly enriched uranium,

Reopening the Strait of Hormuz will help decide the direction of oil prices. The closure has prevented oil tankers from exiting the Gulf and delivering crude to customers worldwide. Japan, for instance, imports almost all its oil, most of it through the strait.

“Markets are rapidly transitioning from pricing geopolitical fear toward pricing a potential peace dividend as Hormuz reopening expectations pressure oil and the dollar lower,” analyst Stephen Innes said in a commentary.

Early Monday, benchmark US crude was down $5.52 at $91.08 a barrel. Brent crude, the international standard, sank $5.56 to $97.08 a barrel.

In currency trading, the US dollar declined to 158.91 Japanese yen from 159.16 yen. The euro cost $1.1639, up from $1.1605.

Friday on Wall Street, stocks finished their eighth straight winning week, the best such streak since 2023. That’s even though a survey showed US consumers are feeling even worse about the economy than before.

The S&P 500 added 0.4% and pulled closer to its all-time high set in the middle of last week. The Dow Jones Industrial Average rose 0.6%, and the Nasdaq composite gained 0.2%.

Recent earnings reports from US companies that topped analysts’ expectations also helped markets. But worries about inflation have pushed bond yields higher worldwide.

The yield on the 10-year Treasury edged down to 4.56% Friday from 4.57% late Thursday, but it remains well above its 3.97% level from before the war.


Vessels Carrying Middle East Oil, LNG Exit Hormuz, Head for Pakistan, China

Vessels in the Strait of Hormuz, Iran, May 22, 2026. Majid Asgaripour/WANA (West Asia News Agency) via Reuters
Vessels in the Strait of Hormuz, Iran, May 22, 2026. Majid Asgaripour/WANA (West Asia News Agency) via Reuters
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Vessels Carrying Middle East Oil, LNG Exit Hormuz, Head for Pakistan, China

Vessels in the Strait of Hormuz, Iran, May 22, 2026. Majid Asgaripour/WANA (West Asia News Agency) via Reuters
Vessels in the Strait of Hormuz, Iran, May 22, 2026. Majid Asgaripour/WANA (West Asia News Agency) via Reuters

Two liquefied natural gas tankers are exiting the Strait of Hormuz on Monday, heading to ‌Pakistan and China, while a supertanker with Iraqi crude for China left the Gulf on Saturday after being stranded for nearly three months, shipping data showed.

The US-Israeli war on Iran that began on February 28 has severely curtailed shipping through the Strait of Hormuz, through which around one-fifth of the world's supply of oil and LNG normally flows.

The vessels are among a handful of supertankers exiting the Gulf this month via a transit route ⁠that Iran has ordered ships to use. Last week, three Very Large Crude Carriers (VLCCs) made their way to China and South Korea with 6 million barrels of crude, according to Reuters.

LNG tanker Fuwairit is crossing the Strait of Hormuz on Monday and is expected to discharge its cargo in Pakistan on Tuesday, shipping data on LSEG and Kpler showed. The vessel, sailing under the Bahamas flag, loaded LNG at Qatar's Ras Laffan port around March 28.

Separately, the VLCC Eagle Verona, which exited the strait on Saturday, is expected to reach Ningbo port in eastern China on June 12 to discharge its cargo, ⁠shipping data on LSEG and Kpler showed.

The Singaporean-flagged vessel chartered by Unipec, the trading arm of Asia's largest refiner, Sinopec, loaded nearly 2 million barrels of Basrah crude around February 26, according to the data.

The Eagle Verona was among seven ships Malaysia had sought ⁠permission from Iran to transit, two sources earlier told Reuters. Five of the ships have since exited the waterway, while two more remain in the Gulf.

Before the war began, shipping traffic through the strait averaged 125 to 140 daily passages. Some 20,000 seafarers remain stranded inside the Gulf on board hundreds of ships.