Erdogan’s Saudi Visit to Boost Economic, Investment Ties

Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman holding talks with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan in Riyadh on Feb. 3 (Turkish Presidency)
Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman holding talks with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan in Riyadh on Feb. 3 (Turkish Presidency)
TT

Erdogan’s Saudi Visit to Boost Economic, Investment Ties

Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman holding talks with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan in Riyadh on Feb. 3 (Turkish Presidency)
Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman holding talks with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan in Riyadh on Feb. 3 (Turkish Presidency)

Türkiye President Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s visit to Saudi Arabia has given fresh momentum to economic ties between the two countries and opened new avenues for cooperation in trade, energy, and joint investments.

A joint statement issued at the end of Erdogan’s visit to Riyadh on Wednesday said the two sides were determined to move ahead with strengthening their political and economic partnership.

The statement said that Erdogan and Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman “held a session of official talks during which they reviewed the historical relations between the two brotherly countries and ways to develop them in all fields.”

The statement showed Saudi-Turkish alignment on deepening economic and investment cooperation and on capitalizing on opportunities offered by Saudi Vision 2030 and the Century of Türkiye Vision.

“In the economic, trade, and investment sectors, both sides commended the strength of the economic ties between the two countries and agreed on further strengthening them, particularly in sectors of mutual priority. They also agreed to capitalize on the investment opportunities offered by the (Saudi Vision 2030) and (Century of Türkiye Vision), for the mutual benefit of both economies,” the statement read.

Emphasizing boosting non-oil trade and activating the Saudi-Turkish Business Council, the statement said the leaders “praised the level of trade exchange and stressed the importance of continued joint efforts to develop the non-oil trade volume, intensify mutual visits between officials in the public and private sectors, and hold trade events in both countries through the (Saudi-Turkish Business Council).”

Energy cooperation

Energy featured prominently in the discussions, with both sides stressing the importance of cooperation in oil, petrochemicals, and renewable energy, and exploring electricity interconnection, clean hydrogen, and energy supply chains to enhance energy security and sustainability.

“Both sides agreed to enhance cooperation in the fields of oil, oil derivatives, and petrochemical supply, and to work together to exploit investment opportunities in the petrochemical and agricultural nutrients sectors, as well as to cooperate on innovative uses of hydrocarbons,” the statement read.

“Both sides affirmed their desire to enhance cooperation in the fields of electricity and renewable energy, leveraging both countries’ extensive experience in renewable energy integration and the Kingdom’s large-scale energy investments.”

“They committed to expediting feasibility studies for electrical interconnection between the two countries, exchanging expertise in electricity and renewable energy technologies and grid automation, electrical grid security and resilience, renewable energy projects, grid interconnection, energy storage technologies, and promoting the participation of companies from both sides in implementing these projects,” it affirmed.

“They also emphasized the importance of strengthening cooperation in energy efficiency and conservation, raising awareness of its importance, and exchanging expertise in the energy services sector and capacity building in this field.”

The two sides also underscored cooperation in mining and the production of critical minerals in support of the global energy transition.

“Both sides agreed to strengthen cooperation in the exploration, extraction, and processing of mineral resources. They also emphasized the importance of international cooperation and joint ventures in critical minerals to ensure the security of supply chains essential for the global energy transition.”

Several agreements and memoranda of understanding were signed during a meeting of the Saudi-Turkish Coordination Council on the sidelines of the visit, covering energy, justice, space, and research and development.

Regarding the Saudi-Turkish Coordination Council, the statement said: “Both sides commended the level of coordination and cooperation within the framework of the (Saudi-Turkish Coordination Council), aimed at achieving shared interests and advancing them to new horizons across all sectors.”

“They emphasized the importance of strengthening cooperation and partnership in the following areas: digital economy, artificial intelligence, emerging technologies, and space technologies; transportation, logistics, and civil aviation; law and justice; culture; tourism; sports and youth; scientific and educational cooperation; media; environment, water, agriculture, and food security; customs, defense industries; Health.”

Reflecting the strong desire to deepen strategic energy cooperation, Saudi Energy Minister Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman and Turkish Energy and Natural Resources Minister Alparslan Bayraktar signed an agreement to collaborate on renewable power generation projects totaling about $2 billion in investment.

The agreement aims to enhance cooperation in renewable energy and green technologies and to support the development and implementation of high-quality projects that help diversify the energy mix, strengthen energy security, and accelerate the shift toward a low-carbon economy in line with both countries’ priorities.

It includes the development and implementation of solar power plants in Türkiye with a total installed capacity of up to 5,000 megawatts in two phases.

The first phase includes two solar projects in the Turkish provinces of Sivas and Karaman, with a combined capacity of 2,000 megawatts. In contrast, the second phase covers additional projects under agreed frameworks, adding an extra 3,000 megawatts.

Projects under the first phase will offer electricity prices that are highly competitive with those of other renewable plants in Türkiye. With investments of about $2 billion, the plants will supply electricity to more than two million Turkish households.

A state-owned Turkish company will purchase the electricity generated by the plants for 30 years, while the projects will maximize the use of locally sourced equipment and services during implementation.

Boost to foreign investment

Turkish Treasury and Finance Minister Mehmet Simsek said the agreement would significantly boost foreign direct investment inflows into Türkiye.

Writing on X on Wednesday, Simsek said "the pace of FDI is picking up, underscoring the growing credibility of our economic program."

"An FDI inflow of USD2bn in Türkiye’s renewable energy projects will accelerate the green transition, enhance energy security, and structurally reduce reliance on energy imports," he added.

Simsek also noted that foreign direct investment in Türkiye reached $12.4 billion in the first 11 months of 2025, up 28% from the same period in 2024.

Economic relations between Saudi Arabia and Türkiye have seen substantial growth over the past two years, reflected in rising trade volumes.

Türkiye’s interest in further strengthening ties was evident in Erdogan’s decision to bring a large business delegation of around 200 company heads and representatives to Riyadh, alongside officials from regional offices of Turkish companies.

The private sector plays a central role in the Saudi-Turkish partnership. Participants at the Saudi-Turkish Economic Forum, held on the sidelines of Erdogan’s visit, stressed the need to enter a new phase focused on implementing joint projects.

Trade growth accelerates

Turkish direct investments in Saudi Arabia have exceeded $2 billion, concentrated in manufacturing, real estate, construction, agriculture, and trade.

Nail Olpak, head of Türkiye’s Foreign Economic Relations Board, said trade with Saudi Arabia was growing at a rapid pace, noting that despite a slowdown in overseas activity by Turkish contractors, they continue to carry out major projects in the kingdom.

According to the latest official Saudi data, total trade between the two countries reached about $8 billion in 2025, up 14% from the previous year. By the end of last year, 1,473 investment licenses had been issued to active Turkish companies.

Saudi Arabia exports crude oil and petrochemical products to Türkiye and imports a range of goods, including carpets, processed stone for construction, tobacco products, food, and furniture.

Data from the Turkish Statistical Institute showed bilateral trade of $5.59 billion in 2015, $5.007 billion in 2016, $4.845 billion in 2017, $4.954 billion in 2018, and $5.107 billion in 2019.

After a decline in 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, trade rebounded to $6.493 billion in 2022 and $6.825 billion in 2023, exceeding $7 billion in 2024.

Türkiye’s exports to Saudi Arabia rose to $3.1496 billion in 2025, out of the total bilateral trade of about $8 billion.



From Boston to Denver, US Drivers Cut Back as Iran War Pushes Fuel Costs Higher

 A nozzle pumps diesel into the fuel tank of bus in Orange, Calif., Tuesday, April 7, 2026. (AP)
A nozzle pumps diesel into the fuel tank of bus in Orange, Calif., Tuesday, April 7, 2026. (AP)
TT

From Boston to Denver, US Drivers Cut Back as Iran War Pushes Fuel Costs Higher

 A nozzle pumps diesel into the fuel tank of bus in Orange, Calif., Tuesday, April 7, 2026. (AP)
A nozzle pumps diesel into the fuel tank of bus in Orange, Calif., Tuesday, April 7, 2026. (AP)

Boston resident Pat Ouedraogo has cut longer-distance trips, while aspiring law student Skyler Burke drives extra miles to avoid pricier gasoline pumps closer to home. In Houston, auto broker David Wright has switched from a gas-guzzling race car to an all-electric vehicle.

These struggles are being echoed by motorists across the United States, many of whom have grown increasingly wary of the Iran war as it drives fuel prices toward record highs.

Energy market experts have described the six-week-old war as the worst oil-supply disruption ever as major production facilities have been hit and a key shipping passage has effectively closed.

"It's a situation where you feel powerless about these prices," Ouedraogo said, while pumping a few gallons of gasoline into his Nissan SUV at a Shell station that was charging $4.99 a gallon.

Average US gasoline prices stood at $4.16 a gallon on Friday, while diesel averaged $5.67, the most that consumers have paid at the pumps ahead of the peak summer travel season since Russia's February 2022 invasion of Ukraine roiled global energy markets, data from GasBuddy showed.

Those prices translate into an estimated $10.4 ‌billion increase in US gasoline ‌and diesel spending this year compared with the same March 1-April 10 period last year, since ‌the ⁠war began, GasBuddy's Patrick ⁠De Haan said.

For Houston-based trucker Eddie Esquivel, the surge in diesel prices has translated into a near-doubling of his weekly expenditures to $1,600-$1,700 from $800-$900 before the war.

"These prices are hitting real hard. Diesel was $2-something a gallon. Now, it could hit $6," Esquivel said at a QuikTrip filling station in South Houston, Texas.

"You got truck payments, you got to buy tires, you got to do oil changes, and you got a family," Esquivel said. "This is killing us."

POLITICAL FALLOUT FROM PUMP PRICES

To be sure, consumers are paying dearly for fuel across the world, as Iran's blockade of the Strait of Hormuz has starved Asian and European markets of Middle Eastern oil supplies.

The United States is the world's largest fuel consumer, so pump prices hold a unique significance in American politics.

The searing economic ⁠pain felt by motorists due to the persistence of Russia's war in Ukraine had been a ‌major influence in their decision to elect Donald Trump as president in November 2024.

Now, just ‌months ahead of midterm US elections in November, Americans' approval of Trump has crashed to new lows as they square his campaign promises of lower energy costs ‌against the sharpest increase in consumer prices in nearly four years in March due to the record surge in fuel prices.

"I definitely won't ‌be voting for (the Republican) party or anyone affiliated with this president right now who is in office at all," Kari DyLong said while filling up her pickup truck at a service station outside of Denver.

To make matters worse, the elevated gasoline prices are expected to linger even after Trump eventually decides to end US military involvement in Iran, according to the US government's own admission.

Delegations from the United States and Iran are set to hold talks in Pakistan on Saturday aimed ‌at reaching a permanent ceasefire deal after a fragile two-week truce announced earlier this week.

However, even if such a deal is struck, oil and fuel prices are unlikely to return to their pre-war levels ⁠in quick order, analysts said earlier this ⁠week. US consumers will continue to pay the highest prices in years to fill up their vehicles or fly over the summer, they said.

"We still expect a lingering geopolitical risk premium to remain in the market," said Wei Ren Gan, analyst at consultancy Rystad.

"Rather than a rapid recovery to pre-war levels, prices are likely to soften gradually and could remain relatively higher than pre-war benchmarks."

About 2 million barrels per day of Middle Eastern refining capacity has been knocked out of service due to damage in the ongoing war, according to Macquarie analysts.

DEMAND DESTRUCTION

Signs of demand destruction due to the high gas prices have begun to show in US government data. Gasoline demand in the country in the week before Easter stood at just 8.6 million barrels a day, down 9% from last year's Easter demand.

Other indicators show the extent of hardships consumers are facing: pawn loan transactions have surged 9% as gas prices surpassed $4 a gallon, said Tim Jugmans, financial chief at pawn loan provider EZCORP.

For Denver resident DyLong, the cratering of demand has come in the form of cutting back on personal excursions over the weekends. She faces a 40-minute commute to get to her job as a sales manager for craft brewer Oskar Blues.

"I'm doing things way more at home and not venturing out because I'm having to spend a bigger portion of my paycheck now towards gas to get me to work," she said.


World Bank Chief: Middle East War to Cut Growth, Deliver Cascading Impact

FILE PHOTO: World Bank President Ajay Banga arrives for a signing ceremony with Thailand to host the 2026 International Monetary Fund and the World Bank annual meetings on the last day of this year's meeting, following last month's deadly earthquake, in Marrakech, Morocco, October 15, 2023. REUTERS/Susana Vera/File Photo
FILE PHOTO: World Bank President Ajay Banga arrives for a signing ceremony with Thailand to host the 2026 International Monetary Fund and the World Bank annual meetings on the last day of this year's meeting, following last month's deadly earthquake, in Marrakech, Morocco, October 15, 2023. REUTERS/Susana Vera/File Photo
TT

World Bank Chief: Middle East War to Cut Growth, Deliver Cascading Impact

FILE PHOTO: World Bank President Ajay Banga arrives for a signing ceremony with Thailand to host the 2026 International Monetary Fund and the World Bank annual meetings on the last day of this year's meeting, following last month's deadly earthquake, in Marrakech, Morocco, October 15, 2023. REUTERS/Susana Vera/File Photo
FILE PHOTO: World Bank President Ajay Banga arrives for a signing ceremony with Thailand to host the 2026 International Monetary Fund and the World Bank annual meetings on the last day of this year's meeting, following last month's deadly earthquake, in Marrakech, Morocco, October 15, 2023. REUTERS/Susana Vera/File Photo

The war in the Middle East will have a cascading impact on the global economy, even if a ceasefire announced by US President Donald Trump takes hold, World Bank President Ajay Banga told Reuters in an interview on Friday.

And the damage will be far deeper if the ceasefire fails and the conflict escalates, he said.

Banga on Tuesday said global growth could be lowered by 0.3 to 0.4 percentage point in a baseline scenario, with an early end to the war, and by as much as 1 percentage point if it endures. Inflation could increase by 200 to 300 basis points, with a much higher impact - of up to 0.9 percentage point - if the war continues, he said.

The World Bank's baseline estimate now projects growth in emerging markets and developing economies of 3.65% in 2026, compared to 4% in October, dropping as low as 2.6% in an adverse scenario with a longer-lasting war. ‌Inflation in those ‌countries was now forecast to hit 4.9% in 2026, up from the previous estimate of 3%. ‌The extreme ⁠scenario could see ⁠inflation rising as high as 6.7%, according to estimates viewed by Reuters.

The war, which has killed thousands of people across the Middle East, has sent the price of oil up by 50% while disrupting supplies of oil, gas, fertilizer, helium and other goods, as well as tourism and air travel.

The two-week ceasefire announced by Trump appears tenuous, with Israel and Iran continuing strikes. Iran said on Friday that blocked Iranian assets must be released and a ceasefire must take hold in Lebanon before US-Iran talks, scheduled for Saturday in Pakistan, can proceed. Trump said that US warships were being reloaded with ammunition in case the talks failed.

"The question really is, does this current peace and the negotiations that ⁠are going to be happening this weekend - will this lead to a lasting peace and ‌then a reopening of the Strait (of Hormuz)?" said Banga. "If it doesn't lead to ‌that, and if conflict were to break out again, would that have an even larger impact, or longer-term impact on energy infrastructure?"

Banga said the ‌world's largest development bank was already in discussions with some developing countries, including small island states with no natural energy resources, ‌about tapping funds from existing programs under "crisis response windows."

The World Bank's crisis toolkit allows countries to tap previously approved but not yet disbursed funds without additional board approvals, increasing flexibility.

But Banga said the bank was cautioning countries to avoid setting up energy subsidies that they could not afford, which would trigger even bigger problems in the future.

"I worry about making sure that they can come through this crisis, targeting what they need to do, but ‌not doing anything that further deteriorates that fiscal space," he said.

Many developing countries also have high debt levels and interest rates remain high, which constrains their ability to borrow money to ⁠fund measures to respond to ⁠the jump in energy costs and other goods caused by the war. The crisis has put a fresh spotlight on the need for countries to diversify energy supplies and boost self-sufficiency, Banga said. The World Bank last June ended a longstanding ban on funding nuclear energy projects as part of a push to meet rising electricity needs.

Nigeria, which had long faced problems, stood to benefit from a $20 billion investment made by the Dangote Group in refineries, which had actually increased output during the war, and was now supplying aviation fuel to neighboring countries.

"Nigeria should be breathing a sigh of relief. They've built up the ability to have energy security for themselves through that huge investment," he said. "It's actually a really good example of the right thing being done in terms of energy self-sufficiency for them, but also for their neighbors."

The World Bank is also working closely with Mozambique, another African country, to expand its energy production capabilities in both natural gas and hydropower.

The World Bank had many energy products in the pipeline, Banga said, noting that talks were under way with some countries looking to extend the life of their fleets of nuclear reactors, and others keen to move into nuclear power.

"If you don't get nuclear and hydro and geothermal going at scale, along with wind and solar, they will end up doing more with traditional fuels, and nobody really wants that," he said.


Egypt, Russia Hope to Speed up Construction of El Dabaa Nuclear Plant

The Egyptian and Russian delegations meet on Friday. (Egypt’s Ministry of Electricity and Renewable Energy)
The Egyptian and Russian delegations meet on Friday. (Egypt’s Ministry of Electricity and Renewable Energy)
TT

Egypt, Russia Hope to Speed up Construction of El Dabaa Nuclear Plant

The Egyptian and Russian delegations meet on Friday. (Egypt’s Ministry of Electricity and Renewable Energy)
The Egyptian and Russian delegations meet on Friday. (Egypt’s Ministry of Electricity and Renewable Energy)

Egypt and Russia are pushing to accelerate construction of the El Dabaa nuclear power plant and keep it on schedule.

Egypt’s Minister of Electricity and Renewable Energy Mahmoud Esmat stressed the need for closer coordination between Egyptian and Russian institutions to deliver the project.

Meeting a Russian State Duma delegation on Friday, he said El Dabaa was central to Egypt’s peaceful nuclear program to generate electricity.

The plant is being built in the northern Dabaa area under a 2015 agreement between Cairo and Moscow, with a cost of $25 billion financed through a concessional Russian state loan. Final construction agreements were signed in 2017.

Esmat held talks with a Russian parliamentary delegation led by Nikolai Shulginov, chairman of the State Duma Committee on Energy. Egypt’s Electricity Ministry said discussions focused on expanding cooperation in clean and renewable energy and reviewing progress at the El Dabaa project.

The delegation also visited the project site. Russia’s embassy in Cairo said the trip underscored the project’s strategic importance and reflected strong cooperation between the two countries in the peaceful use of nuclear energy.

Talks covered implementation progress, phase timelines, and preparations for transitioning between construction stages. The two sides also reviewed coordination between joint work teams and companies involved in the project.

El Dabaa will include four nuclear reactors with a combined capacity of 4,800 megawatts, each producing 1,200 megawatts. The first reactor is due to start operations in 2028, with the remaining units scheduled to follow by 2030, according to the Electricity Ministry.

Esmat said Egypt’s partnership with Russia and the two countries’ long-standing ties had supported progress at the site. He said the project was key to diversifying power generation, expanding reliance on clean and renewable energy, and advancing Egypt’s energy mix strategy.

Shulginov said the project goes beyond building a nuclear plant, aiming to establish a new advanced technological industry supported by infrastructure that strengthens Egypt’s energy security.

Egypt’s Electricity Ministry said the plant relies on advanced engineering solutions and cost-effective, reliable technologies that meet the highest safety and environmental standards.