Saudi Arabia Moves to Strengthen Stability and Development in the Region

Saudi Arabia continues its initiatives to promote security and peace in the region... The Saudi flag is seen at a site in the city of Jazan (SPA).
Saudi Arabia continues its initiatives to promote security and peace in the region... The Saudi flag is seen at a site in the city of Jazan (SPA).
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Saudi Arabia Moves to Strengthen Stability and Development in the Region

Saudi Arabia continues its initiatives to promote security and peace in the region... The Saudi flag is seen at a site in the city of Jazan (SPA).
Saudi Arabia continues its initiatives to promote security and peace in the region... The Saudi flag is seen at a site in the city of Jazan (SPA).

At a time of growing uncertainty surrounding the global economy, amid the repercussions of the US-Iranian war, tensions related to the Strait of Hormuz, and risks facing shipping through several vital maritime routes, Saudi Arabia is intensifying its regional initiatives aimed at strengthening security and stability. The approach is based on a vision that links reducing geopolitical risks with creating the conditions necessary for growth, development, and attracting investment.

In this context, the "Makkah Agreement" between Saudi Arabia, Türkiye, and Pakistan stands out as one of the initiatives that specialists believe could contribute to strengthening regional stability and increasing confidence in the economic and investment environment in a region that occupies a pivotal position in global energy markets, trade, and supply chains.

Specialists who spoke to Asharq Al-Awsat said Saudi initiatives are part of a broader strategy aimed at building a more stable regional environment capable of withstanding shocks. They emphasized that strengthening security has a direct impact on the sustainability of energy supplies, the safety of shipping routes, and the movement of trade and investment, while also paving the way for broader economic integration and joint projects among countries in the region.

They also noted that the significance of Saudi initiatives extends beyond immediate security considerations to supporting development by reducing risk levels, strengthening investor confidence, and creating opportunities for new partnerships in energy, industry, technology, mining, logistics, and defense industries.

Stable Energy Supplies and Shipping

Fadl bin Saad Al-Bouainain, a member of the Shura Council, told Asharq Al-Awsat that the initiatives adopted by Saudi Arabia, foremost among them the "Makkah Agreement for Joint Defense" between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Türkiye, could have an impact on the global economy, food security, and international trade, given the region's economic and strategic weight.

He added that the region exports nearly one-fifth of the world's oil needs, in addition to gas and agricultural nutrients, making its stability and security essential to ensuring the continuity of energy supplies and the safety of maritime shipping routes.

Al-Bouainain explained that Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman places great importance on economic development as a foundation for the prosperity of peoples and states, with a focus on investment flows as one of the drivers of development, alongside strengthening the Kingdom's capabilities in the energy sector and maintaining its influential position within the global supply system.

He said Saudi efforts seek to achieve security and stability in the region in ways that positively affect both the Saudi economy and the economies of neighboring countries. Development, he noted, requires a stable foundation on which to build, while the defense agreement contributes to strengthening deterrence and reducing risks that could affect economic activity.

He pointed out that investors consider the stability of the investment environment a priority when making decisions. Accordingly, strengthening regional security and providing greater clarity over the economic outlook are factors that support the attractiveness of the Saudi market, given the diverse investment opportunities it offers.

According to Al-Bouainain, the "Makkah Agreement" sends reassuring messages to local and foreign investors and strengthens confidence in the sustainability of energy supplies and the protection of critical infrastructure. This could, in turn, affect the pace of projects, investment flows, and trade.

He stressed that Saudi Arabia is relying on "Vision 2030" and its development programs, which require substantial investment, making greater economic certainty and reduced geopolitical uncertainty important factors in supporting capital flows and project implementation.

He added that strengthening the regional security system could encourage investors to seize opportunities and participate in development projects, with the positive effects extending to the economies of the region as a whole, not just Saudi Arabia.

Al-Bouainain noted that the signing of the agreement after years of negotiations reflects the depth of relations between Saudi Arabia, Türkiye, and Pakistan and opens the way for a broader phase of cooperation, supporting efforts to establish security, stability, and prosperity.

He said the initiatives led by the Saudi Crown Prince have helped strengthen the role of diplomacy and political dialogue in addressing regional crises, alongside efforts to unify responses to challenges. This supports security and stability and provides a stronger foundation for economic and development programs.

Economic Integration Takes Shape

Saudi businessman Abdullah bin Zaid Al-Mulaihi, CEO of Saudi technology holding company Al-Tamayoz, said Saudi Arabia continues to work to strengthen confidence in both the domestic and regional economies. He noted that the "Makkah Agreement" is among the initiatives that could enhance the Kingdom's regional and international standing and open the way for a new phase of economic cooperation and integration.

Al-Mulaihi told Asharq Al-Awsat that Saudi steps to strengthen security and stability have a direct impact on the economic and investment environment. He said Saudi-Turkish-Pakistani rapprochement provides a foundation for developing joint political, economic, defense, and human cooperation.

He added that the Kingdom has established itself as an influential political and economic power by building strategic partnerships aimed at achieving shared interests and supporting regional security and stability.

Al-Mulaihi believes that Saudi Arabia's strategy of strengthening stability and building long-term partnerships helps create a more attractive environment for investment and opens opportunities for the private sector in industry, technology, energy, mining, logistics, defense industries, and trade.

He noted that Saudi Arabia has a large economy, a strategic geographic location, and ambitious transformation programs under "Vision 2030."

He said political and security rapprochement could develop into broader economic partnerships benefiting investors and business leaders, particularly through joint projects, knowledge and technology transfer, localization of industries, and increased trade.

Al-Mulaihi emphasized that the economy, development, and citizens are the direct beneficiaries of regional stability. He noted that the Kingdom's political strength and balanced partnerships give the private sector greater confidence and strengthen its ability to attract capital, technologies, and international partnerships.

He concluded that Saudi Arabia is pursuing a vision that combines protecting its interests, strengthening its security, and building the economy of the future. He considered the "Makkah Agreement" a factor that strengthens the Kingdom's position in shaping the region's security, development, and cooperation framework.

The Path to Sustainable Development

Abdulrahman Baashen, head of the Al-Shorouq Center for Economic Studies in Jazan, told Asharq Al-Awsat that Saudi Arabia is strengthening its international credibility by adopting initiatives aimed at reducing risks and supporting stability, including the "Makkah Agreement for Joint Defense." He believes the agreement could help increase economic certainty in the region following the repercussions of the US-Iranian war and tensions in the Strait of Hormuz.

Baashen added that the Saudi approach, which combines political, security, and economic action, supports regional balance and strengthens confidence in the Saudi economy and the region's business environment. This could be reflected in trade, investment, and international partnerships, particularly given the Kingdom's central role in global energy markets.

He expects the next phase to see increased trade and investment activity, particularly in defense-related technology industries, alongside the expansion of strategic partnerships with countries possessing advanced expertise and capabilities in these fields.

Baashen believes the agreement could provide a supportive framework for launching high-value economic projects and initiatives between Saudi Arabia, Türkiye, and Pakistan, with their impact extending to their international partners and laying broader foundations for economic integration and sustainable development among Riyadh, Ankara, and Islamabad.

He noted that developing partnerships in industry, technology, energy, supply chains, infrastructure, and transportation could turn the strategic rapprochement among the three countries into tangible economic opportunities and increase the region's ability to withstand external disruptions.

He stressed that the essence of Saudi initiatives lies in linking security with development. Reducing tensions and strengthening regional stability do not affect only the political sphere, but also extend to protecting trade flows and energy supplies, improving the investment environment, and providing a more sustainable foundation for regional economic growth.



Gold Dips for Fourth Session as Oil Rally Fans Inflation Concerns

Gold jewelry displayed at the Korea Gold Exchange store in Seoul (AFP)
Gold jewelry displayed at the Korea Gold Exchange store in Seoul (AFP)
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Gold Dips for Fourth Session as Oil Rally Fans Inflation Concerns

Gold jewelry displayed at the Korea Gold Exchange store in Seoul (AFP)
Gold jewelry displayed at the Korea Gold Exchange store in Seoul (AFP)

Gold prices eased for a fourth session on Wednesday as higher oil prices stoked inflationary concerns, while investors looked ahead to next week's Federal Reserve policy meeting for clues on the future path of interest rates.

Spot gold was down 0.2% at $4,118.18 per ounce by 0319 GMT, while US gold futures for December delivery dropped 0.2% ‌to $4,136.20, Reuters reported.

"The metal could ‌remain under some pressure as crude ‌prices returned ⁠to the upside, ⁠keeping inflationary pressures in place and reinforcing hawkish monetary policy expectations," said Bas Kooijman, CEO and asset manager of DHF Capital S.A.

Oil prices edged higher on Wednesday on Middle East supply concerns, with traders wary of Red Sea shipping risks.

"At this point, if some ⁠of these rate hikes that the markets have ‌baked in for next year ‌fall out of the forecast or at least downgrade in their ‌likelihood, then that's likely to send gold higher," said Ilya ‌Spivak, head of global macro at Tastylive.

The Fed will skip raising interest rates this month and deliver a hike in December, according to nearly all economists polled by Reuters, as policymakers signal patience ‌even as stubborn inflation argues for a tougher response.

Expectations of a rate hike at the central ⁠bank's October 27-28 ⁠policy meeting are as low as 16%, while traders still see a 90% chance of a hike in December, according to CME's FedWatch Tool.

Higher interest rates typically weigh on gold prices because they increase the opportunity cost of holding the metal, which does not pay interest.

The US dollar index stabilized after recent losses, further reducing demand for bullion.

Markets are also waiting for the US Personal Consumption Expenditures data next week, the Fed's preferred gauge to monitor its 2% inflation target.

Among other metals, spot silver slid 0.9% to $57.44 per ounce, platinum dropped 0.6% to $1,638.61 and palladium slipped 1.1% to $1,090.84.


Oil Rises on Middle East Supply Fears, US Inventory Drawdowns

A pumpjack operates after sunrise in Kern County, which has a long history of oil production, in California's 22nd Congressional District on October 16, 2026 near Bakersfield, California. (Getty Images/AFP)
A pumpjack operates after sunrise in Kern County, which has a long history of oil production, in California's 22nd Congressional District on October 16, 2026 near Bakersfield, California. (Getty Images/AFP)
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Oil Rises on Middle East Supply Fears, US Inventory Drawdowns

A pumpjack operates after sunrise in Kern County, which has a long history of oil production, in California's 22nd Congressional District on October 16, 2026 near Bakersfield, California. (Getty Images/AFP)
A pumpjack operates after sunrise in Kern County, which has a long history of oil production, in California's 22nd Congressional District on October 16, 2026 near Bakersfield, California. (Getty Images/AFP)

Oil prices gained over $1 on Wednesday as escalating Middle East tensions fueled fears of supply disruptions, while falling US crude and product inventories lent support to the market.

Brent crude futures rose $1.59, or 1.5%, to $110.38 per barrel as of 0350 GMT. US West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude gained $1.36, or 1.4%, to $99.18 per barrel.

Prices fell in the previous trading session after Iran's president discussed ‌mediation efforts in ‌a meeting with Pakistan's army chief in Tehran, though ‌Brent ⁠hit a five-month high ⁠before easing.

"Oil prices have been having a bit of wild ride in the last couple of sessions," said Suvro Sarkar, head of energy research at DBS.

"We believe this is a mix of profit taking and optimistic hopes of a Qatar- or Pakistan-brokered deal, countered by the realization that any deal is still very distant and compounded further by inventory data from the American Petroleum Institute (API), which ⁠shows drawdowns continuing in the US for both crude and ‌products."

Iran told Pakistan's army chief there would ‌be no talks with Washington until its demands were met, Iranian media outlet Nournews reported ‌on Tuesday, adding that a Qatari delegation had arrived in Tehran. There ‌was no official confirmation of the reports.

Maritime security risks are also escalating. Shiptracker Kpler said on Monday that at least 18 vessel attacks were recorded over the past two weeks, while LSEG analysts warned Iran was targeting tankers well beyond the Strait of Hormuz, reaching ‌into the Gulf of Oman and jeopardizing Gulf crude loadings and the ship-to-ship transfers supporting regional loadings.

The death toll from a Houthi attack on Yemeni government forces on Monday rose to 73 as fighting intensified.

In the US, two Energy Department officials said on Tuesday they were working with refiners around the world to boost fuel output as a diesel shortage has raised prices.

According to market sources citing API data, US crude stocks fell by 4.9 million barrels in the week ended October 16.


Gulf, UK Officials Press for Action on Free Trade Deal as Investment Opportunities Beckon

The UK-GCC Strategic Dialogue Forum was held in London on Tuesday. (UK-GCC Strategic Dialogue Forum)
The UK-GCC Strategic Dialogue Forum was held in London on Tuesday. (UK-GCC Strategic Dialogue Forum)
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Gulf, UK Officials Press for Action on Free Trade Deal as Investment Opportunities Beckon

The UK-GCC Strategic Dialogue Forum was held in London on Tuesday. (UK-GCC Strategic Dialogue Forum)
The UK-GCC Strategic Dialogue Forum was held in London on Tuesday. (UK-GCC Strategic Dialogue Forum)

Gulf and British officials on Tuesday called for swift action to translate a free trade agreement into tangible investments and economic gains after concluding negotiations, saying closer ties could help both sides navigate mounting challenges to global trade and supply chains.

At the UK-GCC Strategic Dialogue Forum in London, GCC Secretary-General Jasem Mohamed Albudaiwi said the agreement's success would be measured by the joint projects, productive investments and economic opportunities it generates.

He urged business leaders and investors to move beyond the agreement itself and focus on implementation, investment and shared prosperity.

British Minister of State for Trade Anas Sarwar said Britain was working with its Gulf partners to bring the agreement to signing and implementation, but stressed that businesses need not wait for those formalities to expand cooperation.

He urged companies and investors to accelerate existing trade and investment partnerships rather than wait for the signing, legislative procedures and implementation to be completed.

Growing economic partnership

Trade between the GCC and Britain reached about $70 billion in 2025, making the six Gulf states collectively Britain's 10th-largest trading partner, Albudaiwi said.

The combined value of investment assets and liabilities between the two sides stood at around $643 billion in 2024.

Albudaiwi said the figures underscored the strength of Gulf-British economic relations and the scope for further expansion.

With a combined gross domestic product of about $2.4 trillion, the GCC ranks among the world's 10 largest economies, while its foreign trade exceeds $1.8 trillion, he added.

The conclusion of free trade negotiations marked a strategic step toward strengthening those ties by easing trade, encouraging investment and opening new opportunities for private businesses.

Under the agreement, tariffs are expected to be eliminated on more than 99% of GCC exports to Britain, potentially boosting non-oil exports, particularly aluminum, fertilizers and manufactured goods.

Albudaiwi said the deal would also strengthen the Gulf's position as a global logistics hub and help small and medium-sized enterprises expand their operations and access the British market.

But its significance extends beyond trade gains, he said. The agreement could lay the foundation for a long-term economic and investment partnership spanning advanced manufacturing, the digital economy, artificial intelligence, clean energy, sustainability, financial and investment services, education, food security and logistics.

Albudaiwi said cooperation in those sectors could shift Gulf-British relations beyond traditional trade toward deeper economic integration, driven by joint investments, technology and knowledge transfers, and stronger production capabilities.

GCC Secretary-General Jasem Mohamed Albudaiwi addresses the forum. (UK-GCC Strategic Dialogue Forum)

Britain sees Gulf states as strategic economic allies

Sarwar said Britain regarded the GCC states as more than trading markets, describing them as strategic economic allies and friends.

He said choosing the Gulf for his first international visit outside Europe since taking office as trade minister reflected the importance Britain placed on the partnership, particularly amid uncertainty and mounting challenges.

Sarwar stressed the value of solidarity and friendship during difficult times, saying individuals, communities and countries needed to know they could rely on their partners.

He called for a mutually beneficial relationship built on stronger two-way investment and trade, with British companies expanding into Gulf markets and Gulf businesses increasing their presence in Britain.

Opportunities also extended beyond each other's markets to joint investments in third countries, an area Sarwar said offered considerable potential.

He identified aviation and related industries, financial and legal services, defense and security, artificial intelligence, energy, food industries, education and scientific research as sectors with scope for expanded cooperation.

In aviation, Sarwar highlighted Britain's expertise in aircraft manufacturing, engines and security systems, alongside efforts to attract more direct flights from the Gulf to Britain.

He also urged closer cooperation between Gulf and British educational and research institutions, combining Britain's academic and research expertise with Gulf capabilities in energy and investment.

Sarwar said the British prime minister had tasked him with making the United Kingdom the world's most connected economy.

Achieving that goal, he said, would require boosting exports and investment while ensuring the benefits of economic growth reached regions across Britain.

He added that Gulf investment was not confined to London or northern England but extended across different parts of the United Kingdom.

GCC chief negotiator and general coordinator for negotiations Raja Al-Marzouqi delivers his address at the forum. (UK-GCC Strategic Dialogue Forum)

More than 900 meetings over four years

GCC chief negotiator and general coordinator for negotiations Raja Al-Marzouqi said the two sides held more than 900 meetings over four years before reaching the wide-ranging agreement, adding that the negotiations were not easy.

He said the agreement sent a strong message to the international community about the resilience of trade and globalization at a time when the global economy faced challenges affecting the multilateral trading system.

Covering trade in goods and services, investment, rules of origin and digital trade, the agreement is expected to generate economic gains for both sides, according to economic assessments cited by Al-Marzouqi.

Britain's annual economic gains could reach approximately $4.7 billion, while the Gulf states are expected to benefit particularly from services, investment and improved productivity, he remarked.

Al-Marzouqi linked the agreement to the economic transformation underway across the GCC, where governments are seeking to move away from dependence on oil and public spending toward private sector-led growth.

That shift offered British businesses substantial opportunities to participate in projects and investments supporting Gulf economic diversification, he noted.

Gulf and British officials on Tuesday called for swift action to translate a free trade agreement into tangible investments at the UK-GCC Strategic Dialogue Forum in London. (UK-GCC Strategic Dialogue Forum)

From negotiations to results

Kuwait's Minister of State for Economic Affairs and Investment and Acting Minister of Commerce and Industry Abdulaziz Al-Marzooq said the next phase of Gulf-British relations should focus on deeper cooperation in trade, investment, technology, infrastructure, financial services and advanced industries.

He said the GCC offered Britain more than a market, given the Gulf states' established trade links with Asia and Africa.

Al-Marzooq urged both sides to move beyond dialogue and focus on implementation, turning available opportunities into projects, partnerships and measurable economic value.

He said the conclusion of free trade negotiations would give businesses greater certainty and the market access needed to turn investment intentions into action.

While participants agreed on the agreement's strategic importance, their remarks underscored that concluding negotiations was not the end of the process but the beginning of a new phase.

The focus now is on translating the agreement into tangible investments and projects while completing the formal procedures required for signing and implementation.