Israeli Document: Persian Jewish Man Served as Muezzin in a Chad Mosque

The Grand Mosque in N'Djamena, formerly known as Fort Lamy (Facebook)
The Grand Mosque in N'Djamena, formerly known as Fort Lamy (Facebook)
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Israeli Document: Persian Jewish Man Served as Muezzin in a Chad Mosque

The Grand Mosque in N'Djamena, formerly known as Fort Lamy (Facebook)
The Grand Mosque in N'Djamena, formerly known as Fort Lamy (Facebook)

An Israeli document recently published by the State Archives revealed the story of a Jewish man of Persian descent who had served as a muezzin for several years in N'Djamena in Chad, formerly known as Fort Lamy, before letting on that he was Jewish.

The document includes a letter sent by an Israeli diplomat who served in Africa in 1962, and told the story, kept secret until now, of the only Jew in Chad.

Aryeh Lourie who was the chargé d'affaires at the Israeli embassy, sent the letter on September 30, 1962 to the Middle East Department of the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs, of a Jewish man of Persian descent who had served as a muezzin in N'Djamena.

“I found the only Jew in Chad,” the diplomat wrote in his letter.

He said George Hamdani from the Persian city of Hamdan came to Fort Lamy a quarter of a century earlier.

At the time the city was made up entirely of Muslims who had just completed the construction of a large mosque and were searching for a Muslim cleric to call the faithful to prayer and lead the community's service.

Since they had found no one to fill the position, Hamdani offered his services – claiming he too was of the Muslim faith.

His voice reverberated across the town every day at dawn calling the faithful to prayer, and on Friday he led the Muslim service.

He filled this position until 1943 and over the years had amassed great wealth, which included 40 homes, two hotels and a movie theater, among other properties.

“In 1943 he suddenly stopped going to the mosque and somehow communicated to his flock that he was in fact of the Jewish faith,” Lourie wrote in his letter.

“This of course caused much of an uproar in the city but by then, Hamdani was already too rich and well established and protected by people who had ironclad interests on the one hand and by the African propensity not to take anything too much to heart, so the matter was forgotten and many still recognize his contribution to the Muslim cause in Fort Lamy.

The Ambassador said he was hoping to convince Hamdani to contribute to his own people by perhaps financing a building to house the Israeli embassy in Chad, a school for children of Persian descent or at least to donate to the Israel National Fund.

“I know that despite building luxurious homes, Hamdani still lives in a mud hut, as he had done for the past 25 years while the income from his many properties reaches 12 million CFA franc, the equivalent of 150,000 Israeli pounds, per month,” Lourie wrote. The Ambassador copied the Israeli embassy in Tehran and in Paris on his letter.



Why is Fadak Known as the 'City of Walls and Fortresses'?

Located 250 kilometers southwest of Hail, this historic village boasts a legacy as rich as its soil - SPA
Located 250 kilometers southwest of Hail, this historic village boasts a legacy as rich as its soil - SPA
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Why is Fadak Known as the 'City of Walls and Fortresses'?

Located 250 kilometers southwest of Hail, this historic village boasts a legacy as rich as its soil - SPA
Located 250 kilometers southwest of Hail, this historic village boasts a legacy as rich as its soil - SPA

Encircled by a massive, seven-kilometer wall of rugged black lava stone, the ancient village of Fadak, known today as Al-Hait, earned its title as the "City of Walls and Fortresses." Guarded by north and south gates, the village is flanked by ancient castles and robust fortifications that still dominate the landscape, SPA reported.

Located 250 kilometers southwest of Hail, this historic village boasts a legacy as rich as its soil. While known in antiquity as Fadak, its modern name, "Hait Al-Nakhl" (The Palm Wall), captures its lush topography—defined by sprawling palm groves, fertile land, and abundant water.

According to the Encyclopedia of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, published by the King Abdulaziz Public Library, Al-Hait is one of the oldest urban centers in Hail Region.

According to SPA, the name Fadak echoes through antiquity, recorded among the cities conquered by Babylonian King Nabonidus in the sixth century BC, and frequently cited in classical chronicles and early geographical dictionaries.

Bridging the pre-Islamic and Islamic eras, the site remains an archaeological treasure. From early rock inscriptions and crumbling fortresses to ancient stone wells and traditional farms, these enduring artifacts stand as a living testament to Fadak’s rich cultural heritage and continuous human settlement.


Dragon Boat Festival Links Modern China to Traditions More Than 2,000 Years Old

Competitors take part in the Aberdeen Dragon Boat Race to celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival in Hong Kong, Friday, June 19, 2026. (AP Photo/Chan Long Hei)
Competitors take part in the Aberdeen Dragon Boat Race to celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival in Hong Kong, Friday, June 19, 2026. (AP Photo/Chan Long Hei)
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Dragon Boat Festival Links Modern China to Traditions More Than 2,000 Years Old

Competitors take part in the Aberdeen Dragon Boat Race to celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival in Hong Kong, Friday, June 19, 2026. (AP Photo/Chan Long Hei)
Competitors take part in the Aberdeen Dragon Boat Race to celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival in Hong Kong, Friday, June 19, 2026. (AP Photo/Chan Long Hei)

The Dragon Boat Festival was celebrated Friday across mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan with colorful boat races, lion dances and other festivities.

The more than 2,000-year-old holiday is best known for its sporting events, but its origins are rooted in Chinese history and ancient beliefs about health, protection and harmony with nature.

“The Dragon Boat Festival is probably the richest and most diverse of all traditional Chinese festivals,” said Tsinghua University’s history professor Liu Xiaofeng. “Across different regions, people developed a wide variety of traditions based on ideas connected to the summer solstice and the balance of yin and yang.”

The festival is widely associated with the ancient poet Qu Yuan, who according to legend drowned himself more than 2,000 years ago. The tradition of dragon boat races was born from the story that people raced out in boats to search for the poet and threw rice into the river so fish would not eat his body.

A three-day race in Beijing features men’s, women’s and mixed dragon boat races over distances of 100, 200 and 500 meters. Teams from Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi and Guangdong will compete throughout the holiday weekend.

Guided by the thunderous beat of their drummers, crews pulled their paddles through the water in unison, each boat surging toward the finish line as spectators cheered them on.

Others watched the races at home as they enjoyed a traditional sticky rice treat known as “zongzi” with their families.

Beijing’s 2026 celebrations will continue through June 21 at the capital’s Grand Canal.

“The competition helped strengthen our team spirit,” said Li Maoshan, a participant in Friday’s races. “It also gave us an opportunity to demonstrate the spirit of perseverance and hard work.”

Participants in Hong Kong’s dragon boat races on Friday wore costumes including a cartoon version of Chinese Taoist deity Ne Zha.


French Curator Unearths Rare Mozart Manuscript

This photograph taken on June 15, 2026, shows an original fragment of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's music handwritten notebook at Richelieu Library (Bibliotheque Nationale de France-National Library of France-BnF) in Paris. (Photo by Kenzo TRIBOUILLARD / AFP)
This photograph taken on June 15, 2026, shows an original fragment of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's music handwritten notebook at Richelieu Library (Bibliotheque Nationale de France-National Library of France-BnF) in Paris. (Photo by Kenzo TRIBOUILLARD / AFP)
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French Curator Unearths Rare Mozart Manuscript

This photograph taken on June 15, 2026, shows an original fragment of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's music handwritten notebook at Richelieu Library (Bibliotheque Nationale de France-National Library of France-BnF) in Paris. (Photo by Kenzo TRIBOUILLARD / AFP)
This photograph taken on June 15, 2026, shows an original fragment of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's music handwritten notebook at Richelieu Library (Bibliotheque Nationale de France-National Library of France-BnF) in Paris. (Photo by Kenzo TRIBOUILLARD / AFP)

Musicians this weekend will for the first time publicly interpret music for flute and harp that Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart wrote as a 22-year-old while teaching an aristocratic French student.

The unprecedented concert on Sunday at France's National Library (BnF) comes after what it has called a "major discovery.”

Francois-Pierre Goy, a curator in the library's music department, stumbled across the treasure as he examined a pile of anonymous manuscripts he wanted to get through before retirement.

"I never imagined what I was about to find," he told AFP.

The 44-page notebook includes a dozen daily exercises the Austrian prodigy gave Marie-Louise-Philippine de Bonnieres de Guines from May to July 1778, as well as seven pieces for flute and harp, he said.

She was an excellent harpist and the daughter of the Duke of Guines, himself a renowned flutist.

"It just so happened that I had been looking at some of Mozart's teaching material a few weeks earlier," Goy said.

Soon he noticed similarities -- including "the treble clefs that are quite rounded and tilted slightly forward,” and the bass clefs drawn in the opposite direction from how they usually are in France, he added.

"Could it be him?" Goy said he thought to himself.

Comparisons with Mozart's other handwritten works, the French paper used, and stamps on the notebook identical to those on a French copy of Mozart's "Concerto for Flute and Harp" that the Duke of Guines had commissioned all seemed to indicate he was right.

Armin Brinzing, director of the Austria-based Mozarteum Foundation, authenticated the document in April.

The manuscript "is part of two bundles of music that were confiscated from the home of the Duke of Guines in 1794" during the French Revolution, and eventually ended up at the BnF, according to the library.

Mozart died in 1791 aged 35.

Discoveries like this "for such a famous composer are almost unheard of,” said Mathias Auclair, director of the BnF's music department.

Several Mozart compositions have been rediscovered in recent years.

In one case, in 2012, someone found a Mozart piano piece composed when he was 11 in an Austrian attic.

For harpists and flautists, who have "very little repertoire" available to them, the discovery at the BnF is a wonderful surprise, he said.

BnF president Gilles Pecout said the new music sheets shed light on Mozart as a young teacher and documented his last stay in Paris in 1778 -- on which there is scant information.