Modern History of Sudan and its Transformations

Modern History of Sudan and its Transformations
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Modern History of Sudan and its Transformations

Modern History of Sudan and its Transformations

Sudanese novelist Imad Bulayk has released a new novel (Angels in Fars) in collaboration with Willows House Publishing in the Juba city, southern Sudan. His last two works, “Rama” by Cairo-based Dar Said Publishing, and “The Miracle of Buddha” by Kuwait-based Platinum Book Publishing, were published two years ago.

The novel revolves around the story of people displaced from the Wadi Halfa city, northern Sudan, after the construction of the high dam in the early 1960s, and the October Revolution (1964) against the military rule in the country, which caused a forced displacement that many historians overlooked.

In his book, the author talks about a Polish excavation expedition that comes to rescue what survived of the ancient church in the 600-year-old city of Fars before it drowns due to the dam’s flood. The main character is Carlos Giovani, member of the excavation expedition, coming from Athens with a mysterious history and life. He moves from Alexandria to Khartoum and lives in Sudan, where he discovers another world and contributes to the cultural and scientific life until he dies.

In his “surreal journey”, we read about his life as an academic, a cleric, a philosopher, and a human being searching for the truth and the aim of his existence.

Giovani conducts research about the church and Christianity in Sudan, the drowned kingdom in the northern of the country, and the history of the ancient Christian kingdoms that extended to the southern Egyptian borders. Then he fell sick, and although doctors say his case is hopeless, he eventually heels with the power of the places “we love”.

The novel uses Sudan’s modern history, from independence until our present time, as a background for the political and social developments, to reflect the image of the country known for its ethnic, cultural, and artistic diversity, as well as its wars and conflicts. Bulayk dives into the ancient history of Sudan, before Islam and the Arab settlement in the country, starting with the Idolatry and the Nubian kingdom, and explores a history of traditions and rituals that has survived until our days.

Imad Bulayk is a Sudanese novelist and journalist. He studied architecture at the Khartoum University, and wrote literary criticism articles in local newspapers. He worked in journalism in Sudan, Qatar, Oman, and wrote in many Arabic newspapers and websites. He has 26 publications including novels, stories, and books on literary criticism, thought, and political studies. He is currently the editor-in-chief of the London-based Independent Arabia.

He released his two first novels in 2004, “Contaminated Rivers” and “The World of Oday”. Among his other works are “Blood in Khartoum” (2008) and “Shawarma” (2014).



Archaeological Replicas Showcase Saudi Arabia's Rich History at Kuala Lumpur Int’l Book Fair

The replicas include selected examples of historical artifacts discovered across various regions of the Kingdom. (SPA)
The replicas include selected examples of historical artifacts discovered across various regions of the Kingdom. (SPA)
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Archaeological Replicas Showcase Saudi Arabia's Rich History at Kuala Lumpur Int’l Book Fair

The replicas include selected examples of historical artifacts discovered across various regions of the Kingdom. (SPA)
The replicas include selected examples of historical artifacts discovered across various regions of the Kingdom. (SPA)

Saudi Arabia's Heritage Commission, through the Kingdom's pavilion at the Kuala Lumpur International Book Fair 2026, showcased a collection of rare archaeological replicas, offering visitors an educational experience that highlights the depth of Saudi history and the diversity of civilizations that flourished on the Arabian Peninsula over thousands of years.

The replicas include selected examples of historical artifacts discovered across various regions of the Kingdom, including stone inscriptions, ancient writings, and carved artifacts dating back to different periods before Christ.

These pieces reflect the cultural, civilizational, and commercial activity that characterized the Arabian Peninsula throughout history.

The pavilion features a documentary film on the ancient city of Al-Faw, highlighting its history and cultural significance, in addition to an interactive digital screen presenting archaeological sites from across the Kingdom.

The exhibition has attracted strong interest from history and heritage enthusiasts as part of the Kingdom’s extensive cultural presence at the fair, led by the Literature, Publishing and Translation Commission. The event runs through June 7.


Elizabeth Blackadder Exhibition Reveals Wintry Tuscan Landscapes

"Winter Hillside", circa 1955-56, is one of the works to be exhibited at the Jenna Burlingham Gallery. (Jenna Burlingham Gallery)
"Winter Hillside", circa 1955-56, is one of the works to be exhibited at the Jenna Burlingham Gallery. (Jenna Burlingham Gallery)
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Elizabeth Blackadder Exhibition Reveals Wintry Tuscan Landscapes

"Winter Hillside", circa 1955-56, is one of the works to be exhibited at the Jenna Burlingham Gallery. (Jenna Burlingham Gallery)
"Winter Hillside", circa 1955-56, is one of the works to be exhibited at the Jenna Burlingham Gallery. (Jenna Burlingham Gallery)

She may be best known for accessible paintings of flowers and cats, but a new exhibition of Elizabeth Blackadder’s work focuses instead on chilly landscapes and pared-back still life compositions.

The show in Hampshire, far from Blackadder’s Scottish home, presents a less familiar side of the artist, with most of the pieces exhibited for the first time, reported The Guardian.

Earlier works include a series of Italian landscapes rendered in gouache and watercolor in the 1950s soon after Blackadder left art college. The still life oil paintings are from the 1960s and 1970s.

The art writer and editor Anna Brady said Blackadder, who died in 2021 aged 89, painted the Italian landscapes after winning a travelling scholarship.

Writing in the show’s catalogue, she said: “Based in Florence, Blackadder would take a bus out into the countryside to paint. While we may have romantic ideals of painting trips to Tuscany, the reality of being a young woman, painting outside and alone, through a bitter winter in postwar Italy would have been altogether harsher. We can almost feel the chill on her fingertips in the group of inky Tuscan landscapes.”

In the later still life paintings, personal objects, such as a coffee pot, appear time and again.

Brady said: “Blackadder seems to gain confidence in doing more with less, her compositions becoming increasingly refined and pared back to the essentials.”

The gallery director, Jenna Burlingham, said: “What makes this exhibition so exciting is that it shines a light on works from the first two decades of Elizabeth Blackadder’s career.”


Ukrainian Haiku Poet Finds Small Miracles in War

For Vladislava Simonova, haiku is a way of finding poetry in ordinary moments. Tetiana DZHAFAROVA / AFP
For Vladislava Simonova, haiku is a way of finding poetry in ordinary moments. Tetiana DZHAFAROVA / AFP
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Ukrainian Haiku Poet Finds Small Miracles in War

For Vladislava Simonova, haiku is a way of finding poetry in ordinary moments. Tetiana DZHAFAROVA / AFP
For Vladislava Simonova, haiku is a way of finding poetry in ordinary moments. Tetiana DZHAFAROVA / AFP

A temperamental lift leads to the apartment in central Ukraine of a 27-year-old poet celebrated in Japan but almost unknown in her own country.

With pink hair, fuchsia sweater and matching socks, Vladislava Simonova tells the story of her burgeoning career 7,800 kilometers (4,850 miles) away in a country she has never visited.

But here in the central Ukrainian city of Poltava, she lives near a trolleybus depot, which is just one of the sites targeted by Russian drones whose constant buzzing puts her on edge.

Just as she mentions the word "explosion" to describe the terror of Russian strikes, a drone whizzes overhead and explodes in the distance.

Next to her, a shelf holds 15 books with colorful spines -- a collection of contemporary Ukrainian poets -- two Japanese teapots, three religious icons and a figurine of Phoebe Buffay from the series "Friends".

"I never thought that I would be writing about war," she told AFP.

"With time, I somehow came to realize that ... tiny details can convey the tragedy of this great war much better than perhaps dozens of reports," she added.

Simonova is among a whole generation of artists bearing witness to the invasion that has devastated Ukrainian cultural life.

Simonova said she discovered haiku -- her preferred form -- in 2013, when she was a teenager.

The three-line poems, made up of 17 syllables in a 5-7-5 pattern, were codified in 17th-century Japan to capture the beauty of nature, daily life and fleeting moments with simplicity.

For years, she studied the Japanese masters -- Basho, Buson, Issa -- and wrote more than 600 haiku which, she said, gradually became less "clumsy":

He walks so proudly,

On soft apricot petals

This plump little cat.

24.04.2015

Not bothered by rain,

I tremble my way back home

With a pine sapling.

16.10.2014

- 'Communion' -

In 2018, Simonova won a competition organized by a Japanese foundation.

When Russia launched its full-scale invasion in February 2022, she was living in Kharkiv.

Russian forces tried to seize the northeastern city and have been shelling it constantly since being pushed back.

For three months when Russian troops first crossed the border, she survived by living in an underground shelter.

Instead of a storm --

The rumbling of explosions.

Springtime has arrived.

14.05.2022

A house in ruins.

Through the hole in the rooftop,

Stars are glimmering.

14.05.2022

In March 2022, from her shelter, Simonova gave a written interview to Japan's The Asahi Shimbun newspaper.

A few weeks later, renowned poet Madoka Mayuzumi got in touch.

She told AFP that Simonova has a "deep understanding" of the essence of haiku.

"Even in the midst of war, she gazes up at the moon and stars and admires flowers... her haiku reflect a communion with nature," Mayuzumi said.

"Despite the themes that tend to be sombre, her work possesses a sense of optimism," Mayuzumi added.

Bees oblivious

To the air-raid siren's sound.

Linden trees in bloom.

19.06.2022

With around 10 others, Mayuzumi helped Simonova translate and publish her first collection in Japan in 2023.

The book received "very high praise", Mayuzumi said.

Throughout Japan's history, she added, people have written haiku in dark times, including after the 1945 atomic bombings and the 2011 tsunami.

- 'Cherry blossoms' -

In August 2022, the underground shelter in Kharkiv where Simonova had lived was destroyed by a Russian missile. She moved to Poltava.

She published a second collection in Japan in 2024, followed by another in Denmark in early 2026.

She dreams of publishing one in Ukraine.

Before the war, she wrote in Russian. She later switched to Ukrainian.

The translation of the poems was complex. The two related languages often use words of different lengths -- "umbrella", for example, is one syllable in Russian, but four in Ukrainian.

Simonova does not read prose, "only poetry". And the Bible. She belongs to Poltava's tiny Catholic community.

During AFP's visit, she suggests going to the park, says goodbye to her husband -- who stays at home -- before hurrying down the stairs of her Soviet-era apartment block. The lift was not working.

It is a cold spring Sunday and the park is almost empty. She sits on a tree branch near a pond, wearing a multicolored puffer jacket.

Since childhood, Simonova has suffered from a serious heart condition that leaves her exhausted.

She discovered haiku in a hospital, in an anthology that also contained "Persian poems".

As the wind blows, she stands up and reads aloud for the first time in public, reciting each poem twice.

The first is for friends no longer around:

They scatter away

Like cherry blossoms in wind,

People I hold close.

The second is a memory of Kharkiv.

I clutch in my palm

Some fragments of a missile.

The pain stays with me.

She leafs through her pink-covered collection, then chooses one last poem.

What a sky it is!

And yet from that very sky

Missiles fall on us.