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Archaeologists in Georgia Unearth 1.8-million-year-old Human Jawbone

An archaeologist works at the excavation site where a presumably dated 1.8-million-year-old lower jawbone belonging to an early species of human was found, in the village of Kvemo Orozmani, Georgia August 15, 2025. REUTERS/Irakli Gedenidze
An archaeologist works at the excavation site where a presumably dated 1.8-million-year-old lower jawbone belonging to an early species of human was found, in the village of Kvemo Orozmani, Georgia August 15, 2025. REUTERS/Irakli Gedenidze
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Archaeologists in Georgia Unearth 1.8-million-year-old Human Jawbone

An archaeologist works at the excavation site where a presumably dated 1.8-million-year-old lower jawbone belonging to an early species of human was found, in the village of Kvemo Orozmani, Georgia August 15, 2025. REUTERS/Irakli Gedenidze
An archaeologist works at the excavation site where a presumably dated 1.8-million-year-old lower jawbone belonging to an early species of human was found, in the village of Kvemo Orozmani, Georgia August 15, 2025. REUTERS/Irakli Gedenidze

Archaeologists in Georgia have unearthed a 1.8-million-year-old jawbone belonging to an early species of human that they say will shed light on some of the earliest prehistoric human settlements on the Eurasian continent.

The Georgian site at Orozmani - smaller than two parking spaces but rich in history - has brought to light the oldest remains of early humans yet excavated outside Africa and offers clues to the patterns of Homo erectus, a hunter-gatherer species that scientists believe started migrating around two million years ago.

"The study of the early human and fossil animal remains from Orozmani will allow us to determine the lifestyle of the first colonizers of Eurasia," said Giorgi Bidzinashvili, a professor of stone age archaeology at Ilia State University in Tbilisi.

"We think Orozmani can give us big information about humankind."

The lower jawbone was found around 100 km (62 miles) southwest of the Georgian capital of Tbilisi, where archaeologists in 2022 excavated a tooth from early humans of the same era. In the nearby village of Dmanisi, 1.8-million-year-old human skulls have previously been found.

In this latest discovery, archaeologists also found fossils from animals including a saber-toothed tiger, elephant, wolf, deer and giraffe, as well as a cache of stone tools.

Close study of the jawbone and the animal fossils can yield crucial answers about how early humans evolved after they left Africa, including what they ate and what the climate was like, scientists say.

At the Orozmani excavation site, archaeologists discover new remains of Homo erectus every year.

"My second day (on the dig) I found a nice little ankle bone," said Miles Alexandre, a recent anthropology graduate from the University of Rhode Island in the US.

"You go down five centimeters...there's a good chance you're going to find something."

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Culture

Visitors Flock to Hira Cultural District for Immersive Islamic Heritage Experiences

The district is among the key projects highlighting Makkah's cultural and civilizational dimension in line with Saudi Vision 2030 - SPA
The district is among the key projects highlighting Makkah's cultural and civilizational dimension in line with Saudi Vision 2030 - SPA
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Visitors Flock to Hira Cultural District for Immersive Islamic Heritage Experiences

The district is among the key projects highlighting Makkah's cultural and civilizational dimension in line with Saudi Vision 2030 - SPA
The district is among the key projects highlighting Makkah's cultural and civilizational dimension in line with Saudi Vision 2030 - SPA

The Hira Cultural District in Makkah is witnessing a growing influx of domestic and international visitors with the start of the summer vacation, cementing its status as one of the Holy Capital's most prominent cultural and educational destinations.

Located at the foot of Mount Hira, home to Hira Cave, where revelation first descended upon Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), the district offers educational content through modern interactive technologies that blend authenticity with innovation, SPA reported.

The Revelation Exhibition, the district's most prominent component, documents the story of the first revelation through visual and audio presentations. The district also houses the Holy Quran Museum, which displays rare Quranic manuscripts and traces the stages of writing and developing the Holy Quran across Islamic eras.

Supporting facilities include open squares, restaurants, cafés, shops, and visitor reception areas, providing a suitable environment for families and visitors of all nationalities.

The district is among the key projects highlighting Makkah's cultural and civilizational dimension in line with Saudi Vision 2030's objectives to develop the cultural and tourism sectors and showcase Islamic heritage.

Culture

Saudi Arabia’s Rafha Heritage Museum Showcases over 3,000 Rare Coins, Currencies from World Civilizations

The collection documents the evolution of civilizations. SPA
The collection documents the evolution of civilizations. SPA
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Saudi Arabia’s Rafha Heritage Museum Showcases over 3,000 Rare Coins, Currencies from World Civilizations

The collection documents the evolution of civilizations. SPA
The collection documents the evolution of civilizations. SPA

The cultural heritage museum in Rafha Governorate, licensed by the Saudi Museums Commission, houses a collection of more than 3,000 rare coins and currencies, both paper and metal, from around the world.

Spanning successive historical periods, the collection documents the evolution of civilizations and offers insight into the economic and cultural developments that have shaped societies throughout history.

During a tour of the museum, the Saudi Press Agency (SPA) observed a dedicated section featuring coins from a wide range of historical periods.

The collection includes ancient Saudi coins, as well as currency from the Umayyad, Abbasid, and Ottoman eras.

The museum welcomes visitors, heritage enthusiasts, and researchers to explore its extensive collection of coins and other historical artifacts.

Beyond preserving rare collections, heritage museums play a vital role in safeguarding national and human heritage, promoting awareness of civilizational history, and connecting generations to their cultural and historical legacy.

Culture

Italy Displays Paintings from an Ancient Etruscan Tomb, Its Latest Cultural Acquisition

People look at the newly acquired Tomb of Francois, a 4th-century BC masterpiece bought last month by Italy's Culture Ministry for 15 million euros, at the National Etruscan Museum of Villa Giulia in Rome, Italy, June 30, 2026. (Reuters)
People look at the newly acquired Tomb of Francois, a 4th-century BC masterpiece bought last month by Italy's Culture Ministry for 15 million euros, at the National Etruscan Museum of Villa Giulia in Rome, Italy, June 30, 2026. (Reuters)
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Italy Displays Paintings from an Ancient Etruscan Tomb, Its Latest Cultural Acquisition

People look at the newly acquired Tomb of Francois, a 4th-century BC masterpiece bought last month by Italy's Culture Ministry for 15 million euros, at the National Etruscan Museum of Villa Giulia in Rome, Italy, June 30, 2026. (Reuters)
People look at the newly acquired Tomb of Francois, a 4th-century BC masterpiece bought last month by Italy's Culture Ministry for 15 million euros, at the National Etruscan Museum of Villa Giulia in Rome, Italy, June 30, 2026. (Reuters)

Italy on Tuesday put on display one of the best-known examples of Etruscan painting, panels from a tomb that it acquired for 15 million euros ($17 million) in the Culture Ministry’s buying spree of big-ticket pieces of the country's cultural heritage.

The ministry announced in May that it had acquired the fresco panels, dating from the 4th century, from members of the Torlonia family, one of Italy’s ancient noble families whose vast collection of antiquity has long been kept out of the public domain.

The Francois Tomb was discovered in 1857 by the French archaeologist Alessandro Francois in Vulci, on land owned by the Torlonia family. The frescoes were detached from the necropolis in 1863 and became part of the Torlonia private collection, while the contents of the tomb were divided up among Francois, colleagues and the family.

The Italian government has been trying to get possession of the tomb since 1921, as part of its effort to bring back into the Italian public patrimony artifacts and antiquities that were acquired or looted during the boom of archaeological excavations in the 1800s and beyond.

The Etruscan Civilization occupied swaths of what is today central Italy for centuries was a major Mediterranean trading power. Much of it was destroyed by the subsequent Roman Empire.

The tomb is opening to the public Wednesday at Rome’s Villa Giulia National Etruscan Museum. Alongside the fresco panels are jewels, Etruscan vases and other items that were discovered inside the tomb, now belong in museum collections around the world and were loaned to Italy for the exhibition.

The tomb marks the Culture Ministry’s third major acquisition this year of expensive, culturally important artworks. It paid $14.9 million for Antonello da Messina’s “Ecce Homo” and around $35 million for a rare portrait by Caravaggio depicting Maffeo Barberini, the future Pope Urban VIII.

The funds have come from the ministry’s annual budget for acquisitions, but Culture Minister Alessandro Giuli has prioritized buying fewer, bigger-ticket items of cultural importance rather than smaller, lesser artworks and antiquities, officials said.

“In recent months, the Ministry of Culture has invested a great deal of money in acquiring masterpieces,” said Massimo Osanna, director general of Italian museums in the ministry.

Giuli has said the tomb is a “fundamental” part of Italian history that was now being returned to the Italian public to enjoy.

Luana Toniolo, director of the Villa Giulia museum, called the tomb one of the greatest masterpieces of antiquity and Etruscan painting, and one of the best preserved. Among other things, the paintings depict the sacrifice of Trojan prisoners and battles of Etruscan heroes.