Qusayr: Hezbollah’s Syrian ‘Fortress’ Collapses without Resistance

Mourners carry the flag-draped coffins of Hezbollah fighters who were killed in the recent war with Israel, during their funeral procession in the southern Lebanese village of Majdal Selm on December 6, 2024. (AFP)
Mourners carry the flag-draped coffins of Hezbollah fighters who were killed in the recent war with Israel, during their funeral procession in the southern Lebanese village of Majdal Selm on December 6, 2024. (AFP)
TT

Qusayr: Hezbollah’s Syrian ‘Fortress’ Collapses without Resistance

Mourners carry the flag-draped coffins of Hezbollah fighters who were killed in the recent war with Israel, during their funeral procession in the southern Lebanese village of Majdal Selm on December 6, 2024. (AFP)
Mourners carry the flag-draped coffins of Hezbollah fighters who were killed in the recent war with Israel, during their funeral procession in the southern Lebanese village of Majdal Selm on December 6, 2024. (AFP)

As the Syrian opposition swept through the Homs province last week, hours before they ousted President Bashar al-Assad, focus shifted to the Qusayr region, the Lebanese Hezbollah party’s stronghold in Syria.

Observers expected a fierce battle between the opposition and Hezbollah over the region, but instead the regime forces abandoned their posts, leaving the party fighters to fend off the advancing forces on their own. Instead of putting up a fight, the fighters retreated to Lebanon and Qusayr was seized by the opposition.

The residents of Qusayr have waited 11 years to learn what happened to their homes from which they were forced out of by Hezbollah and the regime. Entire villages in the region have been razed to the ground.

A source from the Syrian opposition told Asharq Al-Awsat that the regime and Hezbollah effectively surrendered Qusayr.

“The fighters who advanced on the region hail from Qusayr. The operation to seize the region didn’t take more than two hours,” it added, saying no one put up a fight because the majority of the Hezbollah fighters who were deployed there either fled to Lebanon or surrendered to the revolutionaries.

Little news has emerged about the thousands of Hezbollah fighters who had taken up base in Qusayr and its countryside. The region was the backbone for Hezbollah’s weapons’ smuggling to Lebanon.

In recordings circulated on social media, Hezbollah fighters could be heard saying that the Damascus regime has “betrayed and abandoned them on the field.”

Hezbollah leader Sheikh Naim Qassem had declared on Friday that the party “would not allow the fall of Syria in the hands of armed factions again,” adding that it was ready to support and defend it.

The opposition source revealed that hundreds of Hezbollah fighters had indeed headed to Qusayr to defend it as the anti-regime fighters advanced in Homs, but they were forced to flee.

“The influence of Hezbollah and all of Iran’s militias in Syria is over,” declared the source.

After Assad’s downfall, thousands of Syrians from Homs and Qusayr who were displaced to Lebanon, headed back to their hometowns to check on their properties.

A source close to Hezbollah told Asharq Al-Awsat that the party “had fought alongside the Syrian state and people.”

“If what happened falls in the favor the Syrian people, then so be it, that is their choice. The party was never at war with or the enemy of the Syrian people. Rather, it was fighting terrorist and takfiri groups that were terrorizing the Syrians,” it charged.



Syrians Face Horror, Fearing Loved Ones May Be in Mass Graves

People search for human remains at a trench believed to be used as a mass grave on the outskirts of Damascus - AFP
People search for human remains at a trench believed to be used as a mass grave on the outskirts of Damascus - AFP
TT

Syrians Face Horror, Fearing Loved Ones May Be in Mass Graves

People search for human remains at a trench believed to be used as a mass grave on the outskirts of Damascus - AFP
People search for human remains at a trench believed to be used as a mass grave on the outskirts of Damascus - AFP

After losing hope of finding his two brothers among those freed from Syrian jails, Ziad Alaywi was filled with dread, knowing there was only one place they were likely to be: a mass grave.

"We want to know where our children are, our brothers," said the 55-year-old standing by a deep trench near Najha, southeast of Damascus.

"Were they killed? Are they buried here?" he asked, pointing to the ditch, one of several believed to hold the bodies of prisoners tortured to death.

International organizations have called these acts "crimes against humanity".

Since the fall of Bashar al-Assad's regime on December 8 and the takeover by an Islamist-led opposition alliance, families across Syria have been searching for their loved ones.

"I've looked for my brothers in all the prisons," said the driver from the Damascus suburbs, whose siblings and four cousins were arrested over a decade ago.

"I've searched all the documents that might give me a clue to their location," he added, but it was all in vain.

Residents say there are at least three other similar sites, where diggers were frequently seen working in areas once off-limits under the former government.

- 'Peace of mind' -

The dirt at the pit where Alaywi stands looks loose, freshly dug. Children run and play nearby.

If the site was investigated, "it would allow many people to have peace of mind and stop hoping for the return of a son who will never return", he said.

"It's not just one, two, or three people who are being sought. It's thousands."

He called on international forensic investigators to "open these mass graves so we can finally know where our children are."

Many Syrians who spoke to AFP in recent days expressed disappointment at not finding their loved ones in the prisons opened after the takeover by Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS).

A few kilometres (miles) from Najha, a team of about 10 people, most in white overalls, was transferring small white bags into larger black ones with numbers.

Syrian Civil Defense teams have received numerous calls from people claiming to have seen cars dumping bags by the roadside at night. The bags were later found to contain bones.

"Since the fall of the regime, we've received over 100 calls about mass graves. People believe every military site has one," said civil defence official Omar al-Salmo.

- Safeguard evidence -

The claim isn't without reason, said Salmo, considering "the few people who've left prisons and the exponential number of missing people."

There are no official figures on how many detainees have been released from Syrian jails in the past 10 days, but estimates fall far short of the number missing since 2011.

In 2022, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights monitor estimated that more than 100,000 people had died in prison, mostly due to torture, since the war began.

"We're doing our best with our modest expertise," said Salmo. His team is collecting bone samples for DNA tests.

On Tuesday, Human Rights Watch urged the new Syrian authorities to "secure, collect and safeguard evidence, including from mass grave sites and government records... that will be vital in future criminal trials".

The rights group also called for cooperation with the International Committee of the Red Cross, which could "provide critical expertise" to help safeguard the records and clarify the fate of missing people.

Days after Assad's fall, HRW teams visiting Damascus's Tadamun district, the site of a massacre in April 2013, found "scores of human remains".

In Daraa province, Mohammad Khaled regained control of his farm in Izraa, seized for years by military intelligence.

"I noticed that the ground was uneven," said Khaled.

"We were surprised to discover a body, then another," he said. In just one day, he and others including a forensic doctor exhumed a total of 22 bodies.