Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Türkiye, Pakistan Move to Deepen Partnership, Cooperation

 Foreign ministers attend a four-way meeting in Riyadh on March 20. (Egyptian Foreign Ministry)
Foreign ministers attend a four-way meeting in Riyadh on March 20. (Egyptian Foreign Ministry)
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Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Türkiye, Pakistan Move to Deepen Partnership, Cooperation

 Foreign ministers attend a four-way meeting in Riyadh on March 20. (Egyptian Foreign Ministry)
Foreign ministers attend a four-way meeting in Riyadh on March 20. (Egyptian Foreign Ministry)

Egypt will host a four-way meeting with the foreign ministers of Saudi Arabia, Türkiye and Pakistan, days after Washington and Tehran finalized a memorandum of understanding to stop the war that began in late February.

Egyptian Foreign Minister Badr Abdelatty will meet his Saudi counterpart, Prince Faisal bin Farhan, Türkiye’s Hakan Fidan and Pakistan’s Mohammad Ishaq Dar in Cairo on Sunday for a four-way meeting, Egypt’s state news agency reported late on Thursday.

The talks will be followed by an expanded session and a press conference.

A former Egyptian diplomat told Asharq Al-Awsat the meeting would focus on “ways to consolidate cooperation, deepen partnership and coordinate on regional issues, complete efforts to cement de-escalation in the region, and narrow differences during the next 60 days of negotiations between Washington and Tehran.”

The quartet played a prominent role in reaching the US-Iran agreement days ago. Its efforts formally began with a meeting in March in the Saudi capital, Riyadh, followed by meetings in Islamabad and Antalya as part of efforts to end the Iran war.

The meeting comes two days after the Swiss government said negotiations between the United States and Iran, due to begin on Friday in Switzerland, had been postponed indefinitely.

The announcement came hours after a planned visit by US Vice President JD Vance was canceled.

Iranian Supreme Leader Mojtaba Khamenei said earlier on Thursday that he had approved the memorandum of understanding signed by Washington and Tehran, despite expressing reservations about it.

US forces said they had lifted a naval blockade on Iranian ports after the memorandum was signed by the US and Iranian presidents on Wednesday.

Ambassador Mohamed Hegazy, a member of the Egyptian Council for Foreign Affairs and a former assistant foreign minister, told Asharq Al-Awsat the call for the four-way meeting marked an important step in regional consultations at a time of deep strategic shifts in the Middle East.

He cited the ceasefire, the containment of the US-Iran military confrontation, and the risks of the continuing war in Gaza and its impact on regional security and stability.

He said the “consultative quartet” of influential regional states had “proved its presence as an effective regional and international framework capable of addressing problems and issues in coordination with regional states and major powers to calm regional conditions and deal with their problems.”

Hegazy said the meeting’s importance went beyond traditional political coordination. He expected the agenda to include support for consolidating the “Washington-Tehran agreement,” continuing negotiations, discussing Gaza and Lebanon, and backing efforts to secure a sustainable regional calm.

The meeting is also expected to “open the door to deepening partnership and coordination among the quartet, and to studying the possibility of holding a regional or international conference on security and cooperation in the Middle East, similar to successful experiences in other regions,” Hegazy said.

Such a conference, he said, would aim to draft a declaration of principles governing regional relations and establish institutional mechanisms for dialogue, dispute settlement, and stronger economic, security and humanitarian cooperation among the region’s countries.

Egypt’s Foreign Ministry said on Friday that Abdelatty held separate phone calls with Pakistan’s Mohammad Ishaq Dar and Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi to discuss regional developments after the US-Iran memorandum of understanding.

An official statement said the Egyptian and Pakistani ministers stressed “the importance of continuing coordination and joint consultation in the coming phase to ensure the implementation of the memorandum of understanding and reach a final and sustainable agreement that takes into account the interests and concerns of all parties and strengthens diplomatic solutions, in a way that achieves security and stability in the region.”

In his call with Araghchi, Abdelatty expressed hope that the memorandum of understanding would become “an important turning point in support of security and stability in the region, and contribute to opening the way to addressing all issues through dialogue and diplomatic means.”

He also voiced hope for a final and sustainable agreement that addresses the concerns of all parties and supports efforts to achieve lasting security and stability in the region.

Hegazy said it was important to maintain “serious dialogue among the main regional powers over the shape of the regional order that should govern relations among the countries of the region in the next phase, ensuring a shift from the logic of managing successive and recurring crises to building a stable system of security, cooperation and development.”

The current phase requires “the formulation of mutual understandings with Iran on the security of the Arabian Gulf, in a way that reassures all parties and lays the foundation for normal relations based on good neighborliness, common interests, and the non-use or threat of force,” Hegazy said.

He also called for strengthening political and security dialogue mechanisms to prevent the region from returning to cycles of escalation and confrontation, and for building frameworks to manage cooperation and development among the region's countries across various fields.



Civil Defense: One Killed, Two Injured by Intercepted Houthi Drone Debris in Taif

The attack resulted in the death of a Yemeni resident - SPA
The attack resulted in the death of a Yemeni resident - SPA
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Civil Defense: One Killed, Two Injured by Intercepted Houthi Drone Debris in Taif

The attack resulted in the death of a Yemeni resident - SPA
The attack resulted in the death of a Yemeni resident - SPA

The General Directorate of Civil Defense stated that Civil Defense teams in Taif Governorate responded on Friday to falling debris from the interception and destruction of a drone launched by the terrorist Houthi militia, SPA reported.

The attack resulted in the death of a Yemeni resident, injuries to a Saudi woman and a Pakistani resident whose condition is critical, as well as material damage to civilian buildings and vehicles.

The directorate confirmed that standard emergency procedures for such incidents have been implemented.


Experts: Houthi Attacks on Islamic Holy Sites Violate International Law

Houthi militia attacks have escalated systematically, targeting Islamic holy sites and civilian facilities in Saudi Arabia (SPA)
Houthi militia attacks have escalated systematically, targeting Islamic holy sites and civilian facilities in Saudi Arabia (SPA)
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Experts: Houthi Attacks on Islamic Holy Sites Violate International Law

Houthi militia attacks have escalated systematically, targeting Islamic holy sites and civilian facilities in Saudi Arabia (SPA)
Houthi militia attacks have escalated systematically, targeting Islamic holy sites and civilian facilities in Saudi Arabia (SPA)

The Houthis have continued to target Islamic holy sites, most recently with a drone attack on Makkah, while the Coalition stressed that “the security of the Two Holy Mosques is a red line.” Experts told Asharq Al-Awsat that attacks on places of worship constitute a violation of international law.

Tuesday’s targeting of Makkah was not the first such attack. Coalition spokesman Maj. Gen. Turki Al-Maliki said it followed an earlier ballistic missile attack in July 2017.

The Coalition stressed that “the security of the Two Holy Mosques and the Umrah performers is a red line” and that its Joint Forces Command “will not hesitate to take the necessary and deterrent measures against the terrorist Houthi militia and its hostile and terrorist behavior.”

The drone targeting Makkah, intercepted and destroyed by the Royal Saudi Air Defense Forces south of the city, marked another attack on Islamic holy sites and places of worship. It followed Saturday’s targeting of a mosque in Al-Tuwal governorate in Jazan, as well as an attack launched from Iraqi territory against Madinah.

The Coalition statement said the incident “can only be described as a disgraceful act — an attempt to target the cradle of revelation, the land of the divine message and a destination cherished by millions of Muslims from around the world.”

It said the attack also sought to terrorize pilgrims visiting the Grand Mosque and harm citizens and residents.

“This hostile attempt will remain a black mark on the record of violations committed by the extremist terrorist Houthi militia, as it was a deliberate act intended to provoke the feelings of millions of Muslims,” the statement said.

Saudi Arabia’s Foreign Ministry condemned the attack, while several Arab and Islamic countries and other states in the region and around the world expressed solidarity. They also praised the Royal Saudi Air Defense Forces for intercepting the hostile drone before it entered restricted airspace over Makkah.

Violation of International Law

Under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, intentionally directing attacks against buildings dedicated to religion, including mosques and places of worship, constitutes a war crime in international and non-international armed conflicts, provided they are not military objectives.

Places of worship of cultural or spiritual importance receive additional protection under Article 53 of Additional Protocol I and Article 16 of Additional Protocol II to the Geneva Conventions. Rule 38 of customary international humanitarian law also requires particular care to avoid damage to buildings dedicated to religious purposes.

Deliberate attacks on mosques and places of worship during armed conflict therefore violate international humanitarian law and may amount to war crimes when the sites are not military objectives.

Targeting Regional Security

Dr. Khaled Al-Habbas, former Arab League assistant secretary-general for political affairs, told Asharq Al-Awsat that attacks on the Kingdom by Iran-aligned militias underscored what he described as their functional role as proxies directed by the Revolutionary Guard Corps to destabilize regional security and stability.

Given Saudi Arabia’s regional and international standing and influence, its spiritual and economic importance, its position as a strategic depth for Gulf states and at the heart of the Arab and Islamic worlds, Al-Habbas argued that Iran had sought to target the Kingdom through its regional proxies.

Such attacks, he maintained, amounted to targeting the security and stability of the entire region and, beyond that, regional and international security.

‘Aggression Against the Islamic World’

Al-Habbas stressed that the escalation came amid a decline in Iran’s regional role, including its ability to control the Strait of Hormuz. He described the conduct and aggression of its proxies against the Kingdom as evidence of disregard for good-neighborly relations, international law and the purposes and principles of the UN Charter.

Attacks on holy sites, he added, constituted a serious violation of their sanctity and “blatant aggression against all Islamic countries” that required condemnation and action.

“Despite the Kingdom’s consistent approach of de-escalation and support for a political settlement, it certainly has the right to defend its security and stability,” Al-Habbas said, calling on Arab and Islamic countries to confront what he described as the arrogance and aggression of Iran and its proxies.

He also urged the international community to take a firm stance against the militias, arguing that regional security was inseparable from international security because of the region’s geostrategic and economic importance.

Political analyst Abdul Latif Al-Mulhim described such attacks as a continuation of what he called the Houthis’ systematic hostile approach and attacks targeting residential areas and vital facilities, in flagrant defiance of international and humanitarian laws and conventions.

He argued that the attacks reflected the group’s extremist criminal conduct, its rejection of all peace efforts and a threat to regional and international security and stability.

International Responsibility

Al-Habbas and Al-Mulhim agreed that the attacks, coinciding with the militia’s control of the Bab Al-Mandab Strait and its imposition of restrictions on maritime navigation, offered the world and the international community a clear indication of the conduct to be expected from the group if it continued such practices.

They warned of an imminent threat to the region’s security and economic future if the international community delayed fulfilling its responsibilities in combating the group’s actions.


Arab and Islamic Condemnations Follow Houthi Targeting of Makkah

An aerial view of the Grand Mosque and parts of Makkah (SPA)
An aerial view of the Grand Mosque and parts of Makkah (SPA)
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Arab and Islamic Condemnations Follow Houthi Targeting of Makkah

An aerial view of the Grand Mosque and parts of Makkah (SPA)
An aerial view of the Grand Mosque and parts of Makkah (SPA)

The Houthi targeting of Makkah has drawn widespread condemnation across the Arab and Islamic world, with governments and religious institutions denouncing the attack and expressing solidarity with Saudi Arabia.

Syria, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Türkiye, Algeria, Libya, Lebanon and Egypt joined the condemnation, with Al-Azhar and the Arab Parliament also denouncing the targeting of the holy city and stressing the need to respect its sanctity.

The statements described the targeting of Makkah as a grave escalation and a violation of the city’s religious sanctity, while reaffirming support for efforts to protect the holy sites and prevent further threats to regional security.

The statements also condemned the attack, calling for a firm international response to attempts to threaten the security of Makkah and the safety of worshippers, and underscoring the need to preserve the sanctity of the holy sites.