Exclusive - From Riyadh to Davos: A Message of Confidence and Reform

Saudi Minister of Finance Mohammed Al-Jadaan. (Reuters)
Saudi Minister of Finance Mohammed Al-Jadaan. (Reuters)
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Exclusive - From Riyadh to Davos: A Message of Confidence and Reform

Saudi Minister of Finance Mohammed Al-Jadaan. (Reuters)
Saudi Minister of Finance Mohammed Al-Jadaan. (Reuters)

At the World Economic Forum in Davos, Saudi Arabia underlined its commitment to its reform program, in the different social, economic and financial fields.

Saudi Minister of Finance Mohammed Al-Jadaan told Asharq Al-Awsat that over the past two years, the Kingdom has presented in Davos a reform program and pledges that were translated into clear achievements and concrete projects through large private sector investments.

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 extends over 15 years, and consists of three stages, Al-Jadaan said. “We have come a long way in planning, and we have begun to implement the projects by focusing too much on private sector development, creating more jobs and restructuring the systems.”

He noted that 18 systems were restructured in 2018 - a major endeavor that used to take many years to accomplish in the past.

On the financial side, Al-Jadaan pointed to “great achievements, mainly curbing the deficit significantly from 12 percent in 2016 to 9 percent in 2017, and to 4.6 percent in 2018.” He added that he hoped the deficit would not exceed 5 percent in the current year.

The minister said that the coming week would witness the announcement of very large initiatives for the private sector within the framework of the National Industries and Logistics Program.

In remarks to Asharq Al-Awsat, Saudi Ministry of Economy and Planning Mohammed Al-Tuwaijiri said that the reforms led by Saudi Arabia were as big as the country’s ambitions.

“The year 2018 has witnessed great momentum, which will continue to grow in 2019 and 2020,” he revealed.

Regarding the confidence of local and foreign investors, Al-Tuwaijiri emphasized the significance of promoting institutional work and sustainability.

“The most important thing we have heard in Davos this year and in recent years is the importance of institutional work,” he stated.

In this regard, the minister stressed that investors became “aware that work in Saudi Arabia is sustainable, institutional, and built on clear foundations that enable rapid implementation and continuous communication with the private sector.”

He added that one of the objectives of Vision 2030 was to transform the Kingdom into a logistics hub connecting continents, through advanced infrastructure, digitization and multi-polar services and cooperation.

Al-Jadaan, for his part, highlighted the strong communication between the government and local investors.

“Our first concern is the local investor. There is continuous communication between the government and the Saudi investors,” he affirmed. “We hear their views to determine the list of obstacles they face, and we work with the private sector to solve them.”

As for the confidence of foreign investors, Al-Jadaan noted that Saudi issuances two weeks ago have demonstrated “a very big trust of foreign investors” in the Kingdom’s financial system.

“Two weeks ago, we issued bonds worth $7 billion, and a range of projects have been launched over the past four months; most of them by foreign investors… in the sectors of health, electricity, water and sanitation,” he said, adding that other projects would be announced later this year.

Saudi Arabia participated in this year’s meetings of the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, with a high-level delegation headed by Foreign Minister Ibrahim al-Assaf.

A panel session on “Next Steps for Saudi Arabia” was held on Thursday, with the participation of French Total’s chief executive Patrick Pouyanne and Morgan Stanley’s CEO James Gorman, along with the Saudi ministers of Economy and Finance and Sarah Al-Suhaimi, Chairman of the Board of Directors of Tadawul.

Speaking during the session, Al-Jadaan said the Kingdom managed to turn the shrinking economy of about 0.7 percent in 2017 to a growth rate of 2.3 percent by the end of 2018.

He added that the country announced the largest budget in its history to develop the local economy and was working on many infrastructure projects, stressing that the field of investment was currently witnessing positive results.

The minister underscored the regional role assumed by Saudi Arabia, by contributing to stability and giving hope to the youth.

Pouyanne said Total was engaging in a US5 billion refining and petrochemical investment in Saudi Arabia and would also soon announce a new venture for petrol stations. He stressed that the reform program reinforced his confidence in the need to invest in the Kingdom.



US Stocks Dip on Mixed Earnings as Markets Monitor Iran

A trader works on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) at the opening bell in New York on March 24, 2026.  (Photo by ANGELA WEISS / AFP)
A trader works on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) at the opening bell in New York on March 24, 2026. (Photo by ANGELA WEISS / AFP)
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US Stocks Dip on Mixed Earnings as Markets Monitor Iran

A trader works on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) at the opening bell in New York on March 24, 2026.  (Photo by ANGELA WEISS / AFP)
A trader works on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) at the opening bell in New York on March 24, 2026. (Photo by ANGELA WEISS / AFP)

Wall Street stocks retreated from records early Thursday as markets digested a trove of mixed earnings reports and monitored the latest dynamics between the United States and Iran.

Analysts cited profit-taking after both the S&P 500 and Nasdaq shrugged off a jump in oil prices to finish at records on Wednesday.

About 10 minutes into trading, the Dow Jones Industrial Average was down 0.4 percent at 49,311.39, AFP reported.

The broad-based S&P 500 dipped 0.2 percent to 7,126.19, while the tech-rich Nasdaq Composite Index declined 0.3 percent to 24,588.07.

David Morrison, senior market analyst at FCA, called Thursday's early trading action "a mild bout of profit-taking triggered by some worrying reports of hostile action between the US and Iran," according to a note.

The US Defense Department said its forces boarded a vessel in the Indian Ocean that was transporting oil from Iran, while President Donald Trump announced on social media that he ordered the Navy to "shoot and kill" boats placing mines in the Strait of Hormuz.

Iran vowed it would keep the strait closed to all but a trickle of approved vessels for as long as the United States blockaded its ports.

Among companies reporting results, Tesla fell 1.7 percent and Lockheed Martin dropped 3.7 percent, while American Airlines jumped 4.9 percent.


What Does the Inclusion of Saudi Bonds in the J.P. Morgan Index Mean?

Saudi woman walks at the Saudi stock market in Riyadh - Reuters
Saudi woman walks at the Saudi stock market in Riyadh - Reuters
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What Does the Inclusion of Saudi Bonds in the J.P. Morgan Index Mean?

Saudi woman walks at the Saudi stock market in Riyadh - Reuters
Saudi woman walks at the Saudi stock market in Riyadh - Reuters

Saudi Arabia’s debt market is set for a strategic shift in early 2027, following J.P. Morgan’s announcement that local-currency bonds will be included in its global emerging markets bond index. The move represents a vote of confidence in the Kingdom’s structural reforms and is expected to open the door to substantial capital inflows that will help finance major economic transformation projects.

In a note, J.P. Morgan said the move follows a series of reforms to improve foreign investor access and enhance local market capabilities.

The bank added that Saudi sukuk, Shariah-compliant debt instruments that function similarly to bonds, with a remaining maturity of up to 15 years, will be eligible for inclusion in the Government Bond Index-Emerging Markets (GBI-EM), the most widely tracked benchmark of its kind, with $233 billion in assets tracking it.

J.P. Morgan said eight sukuk issues would be eligible for inclusion, with a total value of $69 billion.

The Kingdom’s inclusion in the index is expected to boost liquidity and demand for sovereign debt, contributing to lower borrowing costs.

In September, J.P. Morgan had placed Saudi Arabia on “Positive Index Watch,” paving the way for its eventual inclusion in the GBI-EM.

Commenting on the decision, Saudi Finance Minister Mohammed Al-Jadaan told Bloomberg that the move reflects continued confidence in the Kingdom’s economic transformation trajectory. He said the inclusion marks a new milestone in Saudi Arabia’s integration into global financial markets, adding that its immediate impact will be seen in broadening and diversifying the investor base and supporting long-term capital inflows into the domestic debt market, thereby strengthening the resilience and stability of the national economy.

The Significance of the Index

The importance of J.P. Morgan’s index lies in its role as a benchmark guiding major global fund allocations, particularly passive funds that track indices automatically. With an expected weighting of around 2.52 percent, Saudi bonds will become a core component of international investor portfolios, increasing government bond liquidity and reducing borrowing costs over the long term, a critical factor for the Kingdom’s economy.

Passive funds play a key role in ensuring steady inflows. Trillions of dollars globally are managed through such funds. Once Saudi Arabia is included in the index, these funds will purchase Saudi bonds to remain aligned with it. Unlike active investors, they do not rapidly buy or sell based on daily news or market sentiment, but continue to hold bonds as long as they remain in the index, providing significant stability to the Saudi debt market. Their participation also ensures a constant base of large-scale buyers, facilitating bond trading at any time.

Reforms That Paved the Way

This inclusion is the result of a series of regulatory reforms highlighted by the bank in its note. Saudi Arabia has improved international investor access by linking to the global Euroclear system, expanding its network of primary dealers to include international banks, and facilitating cross-border settlement and trading. These measures have enhanced legal certainty and transparency, making the Saudi debt market an attractive and secure destination for foreign capital.

Financial Stability Amid Regional Challenges

Beyond its economic dimensions, the move carries strategic significance amid ongoing geopolitical tensions in the region. Increased inflows into local bonds are expected to strengthen the government’s ability to manage any economic fallout from regional instability. It underscores the resilience and attractiveness of the Saudi economy, demonstrating its capacity to attract quality investment and secure the financing needed for its development plans regardless of external challenges.


S&P Warns African Sovereign Credit Rating Risks Likely to Worsen

Central Bank of Egypt building (A.P.)
Central Bank of Egypt building (A.P.)
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S&P Warns African Sovereign Credit Rating Risks Likely to Worsen

Central Bank of Egypt building (A.P.)
Central Bank of Egypt building (A.P.)

S&P Global Ratings warned on Thursday that the risks to African sovereign credit scores were likely to worsen the longer the Middle East war drags on.

The ratings agency said that higher fuel and fertilizer import costs would increase inflation and fiscal strains for countries, "potentially leading to rating pressure".

Egypt, Mozambique and Rwanda are among the "most exposed" the agency said, although Egypt's deep domestic capital markets and Rwanda's high levels of concessional debt provide some offset, according to Reuters.

Less exposed are net-oil exporters Nigeria, Angola and Congo-Brazzaville as well as Morocco, due to stronger foreign-currency reserves.

S&P's "base case" assumed that the conflict will peak and that the Strait of Hormuz will gradually reopen but related disruptions will likely persist for months. A resumption of hostilities and a more prolonged conflict would present a greater threat to many African sovereigns.

The ratings agency said it expected Africa's borrowing costs to increase due to war's impacts and as a result of global risk aversion.

S&P in recent weeks kept Egypt's credit rating on a "stable" outlook and affirmed ratings for Morocco, Ghana and Mozambique.