Makkah Clock Turns Into Tourist Draw

Overlooking the Kaaba, a black structure inside the Grand Mosque towards which Muslims around the world turn to pray, stands the four-story Clock Tower Museum | AFP
Overlooking the Kaaba, a black structure inside the Grand Mosque towards which Muslims around the world turn to pray, stands the four-story Clock Tower Museum | AFP
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Makkah Clock Turns Into Tourist Draw

Overlooking the Kaaba, a black structure inside the Grand Mosque towards which Muslims around the world turn to pray, stands the four-story Clock Tower Museum | AFP
Overlooking the Kaaba, a black structure inside the Grand Mosque towards which Muslims around the world turn to pray, stands the four-story Clock Tower Museum | AFP

Like millions of other Muslims, Cory Ireza from Indonesia traveled to Makkah to pray in the Grand Mosque. But she also found a new attraction just a stone's throw away from Islam's holiest shrine.

After performing the pilgrimage, Ireza, her husband Dodi and their two children were among the first visitors to a museum built inside the world's largest clock at the top of the globe's third tallest building.

Overlooking the Kaaba, a black structure inside the Grand Mosque towards which Muslims around the world turn to pray, the four-story Clock Tower Museum opened a month ago.

It is filled with models and structures on astronomy and galaxies, as Saudi authorities aim to lure more Muslim tourists to the country.

"This museum allows us to bring the family not only for prayers but also for some extra activity... and recreation," Ireza said.

Looking down from a height of around 600 meters (almost 2,000 feet) as thousands of worshippers walked around the Kaaba, Dodi said he felt "very emotional".

Dozens of other visitors also took in the panoramic views of the mosque, the sprawling holy city, and surrounding black mountains.

The four-faced Makkah Clock, as the museum is also known, with each face measuring 43 by 43 meters (47 yards), is the largest in the world and weighs some 36,000 tons.

It is 35 times the size of the clock at Westminster in London, known colloquially as Big Ben.

Equipped with protection against rain, sandstorms, and winds, the clock is covered by a 100-million-piece glass mosaic adorned with 24-carat gold leaf.

The Clock Tower is the main high-rise building in a complex of seven towers, comprising 3,000 hotel rooms and apartments.

The Abraj Al-Bait hotel complex is a multi-billion-dollar project built after the demolition of the historical Ottoman Ajyad fortress in 2002.

The clock has a 128-meter-tall (420-foot) spire with a 23-meter golden crescent on top.

By night over two million LEDs illuminate the clock, making it legible from distances of eight kilometers (five miles).

Among dozens of visitors to the museum, Amro Mohammed Masadi from southern Saudi Arabia, was busy reading information printed on glass boards.

"Initially, I thought it was just a clock with normal minute hands, but I found a massive project... I've learned new information about the age of the universe, the galaxies, and other things," said Masadi, a Yemeni.

In the first floor of the museum, visitors are introduced to the universe, the sky and galaxies with audio illustrations.

The second floor is devoted to the sun and how the moon and the earth revolve around it.

Visitors to the third floor learn of instruments and methods used to determine time, and the balcony overlooking the Grand Mosque is on the top floor.

When the call for prayers sounded, Masadi and others stood in line behind the fence for the mid-day prayers.

The museum is run by MISK, a non-profit organization headed by Saudi Arabia's powerful crown prince, Mohammed bin Salman.

Museum supervisor Yaseen al-Mleaky said the Makkah Clock has received 1,200 visitors a day, with entrance costing $40, since it opened in the second week of May.

It will also be used to observe crescent moons and for lunar research, he said.

In Prince Mohammed's Vision 2030 reform program to diversify the kingdom's economy away from oil, the kingdom aims to attract 30 million visitors to Makkah in 2030, up from the current 20 million.



Gaza Genocide Accusations: Israel In the Dock 

A displaced Palestinian boy, fleeing northern Gaza due to an Israeli military operation, sits atop belongings as he moves southward after Israeli forces ordered residents of Gaza City to evacuate to the south, in the central Gaza Strip September 17, 2025. (Reuters)
A displaced Palestinian boy, fleeing northern Gaza due to an Israeli military operation, sits atop belongings as he moves southward after Israeli forces ordered residents of Gaza City to evacuate to the south, in the central Gaza Strip September 17, 2025. (Reuters)
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Gaza Genocide Accusations: Israel In the Dock 

A displaced Palestinian boy, fleeing northern Gaza due to an Israeli military operation, sits atop belongings as he moves southward after Israeli forces ordered residents of Gaza City to evacuate to the south, in the central Gaza Strip September 17, 2025. (Reuters)
A displaced Palestinian boy, fleeing northern Gaza due to an Israeli military operation, sits atop belongings as he moves southward after Israeli forces ordered residents of Gaza City to evacuate to the south, in the central Gaza Strip September 17, 2025. (Reuters)

After United Nations investigators accused Israel of committing genocide in Gaza, what charges do the country and its leaders face in international courts, and what happens next?

Two institutions based in The Hague: the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and the International Criminal Court (ICC).

The two are often mixed up, even by seasoned observers.

The ICC, set up in 2002, prosecutes individuals suspected of committing the world's worst crimes: war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide.

The much older ICJ, established in 1948, weighs disputes between countries, usually with one nation accusing another of breaking an international treaty.

The UN Independent International Commission of Inquiry (COI), which does not speak on behalf of the world body, found that "genocide is occurring in Gaza", commission chief Navi Pillay told AFP.

Pillay said her team had shared "thousands of pieces of information" with ICC prosecutors.

Thijs Bouwknegt, a genocide expert at the University of Amsterdam, said both international courts would examine the report as one piece of evidence among several.

"If I were an investigator, I would look at the report and use it as one of the many other sources," he told AFP.

But Bouwknegt said the report was also a call to political action.

"For a report to have effect, you need people to do something with it. This is political agency," he said.

"It's for state ministers or government leaders to do something with the report if they feel they want to change something in Gaza."

The International Criminal Court has arrest warrants outstanding for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and former defense minister Yoav Gallant.

They both face charges of war crimes and crimes against humanity over Israel's campaign in Gaza, including starvation, murder and persecution.

The ICC has not charged either man with genocide.

The court also issued warrants for three senior Hamas leaders, all since withdrawn after their deaths.

At the International Court of Justice, South Africa has a case against Israel, accusing it of breaching the 1948 UN Genocide Convention.

ICJ judges have issued several emergency rulings in that case, including ordering Israel to stop operations in Rafah Governorate and to allow "unhindered" humanitarian aid into Gaza.

But the ICJ has not yet begun to weigh the wider case of whether Israel is committing genocide in Gaza, a process that could take months or years.

In the case of the International Criminal Court, it is currently examining an Israeli challenge to its jurisdiction.

The court relies on its 125 member states to enforce its arrest warrants, meaning that unless Israel decides to hand over Netanyahu to The Hague, he is unlikely to appear in the dock.

The ICC cannot hold a trial in absentia.

The International Court of Justice has given Israel until January 2026 to file in writing a so-called "counter memorial" responding to South Africa's case.

Following that, there is likely to be more legal back-and-forth in writing as the court weighs probable objections by both sides.

Only then do judges weigh the "merits" of the case, involving oral hearings.

A long time. The next thing to watch at the ICC is the jurisdiction challenge, but there is no timeframe for that decision.

At the ICJ, most observers do not expect genocide hearings much before 2027.

"You know that the law is incredibly slow... So this might be useful or impactful five years from now or ten years from now," Bouwknegt said.


What Is the Scarborough Shoal and What Is China Planning There? 

A reporter takes a video over the Scarborough Shoal in the disputed South China Sea on February 16, 2024. (AFP)
A reporter takes a video over the Scarborough Shoal in the disputed South China Sea on February 16, 2024. (AFP)
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What Is the Scarborough Shoal and What Is China Planning There? 

A reporter takes a video over the Scarborough Shoal in the disputed South China Sea on February 16, 2024. (AFP)
A reporter takes a video over the Scarborough Shoal in the disputed South China Sea on February 16, 2024. (AFP)

China's coast guard said it had taken "control measures" in intercepting Philippine vessels at the disputed Scarborough Shoal in the South China Sea, site of years of standoffs between the two countries.

WHAT'S THE SHOAL'S SIGNIFICANCE?

Named after a British ship grounded on the atoll nearly three centuries ago, the Scarborough Shoal is one of Asia's most contested maritime features and a flashpoint for diplomatic flare-ups over sovereignty and fishing rights.

Located 200 km (124 miles) off the Philippines and inside its exclusive economic zone, the shoal is coveted for its bountiful fish stocks and a stunning turquoise lagoon that provides safe haven for vessels during storms. It is named Huangyan Island by Beijing, while Manila calls it the Panatag Shoal, or Bajo de Masinloc.

Its position is strategic for Beijing, sitting in the middle of the South China Sea and near shipping lanes carrying more than $3 trillion of annual commerce. Activities there are closely watched by the United States and other major powers.

WHAT IS CHINA PLANNING?

China has approved creation of a nature reserve at Scarborough Shoal that it says is to preserve a 3,524-hectare (8,708-acre) coral reef ecosystem. It would cover the entire northeastern side of the triangle-shaped atoll, with close proximity to the sole entrance for larger vessels.

The announcement drew a strong reaction from the Philippines, which for years has accused China of activities that damage coral and marine life, including clam harvesting. The Philippines is exploring the possibility of further international arbitration over environmental issues. Beijing has made similar accusations against Manila.

China may face skepticism and international concern about its underlying motives. There have long been expectations China might one day build a manmade island on Scarborough Shoal, as it has on seven submerged reefs in the Spratly Islands, some equipped with radar, runways and missile systems.

US Secretary of State Marco Rubio called the plan "destabilizing" and "coercive" and said the United States stood with the Philippines.

WHO DOES IT BELONG TO?

The Philippines and China lay claim to the Scarborough Shoal, but sovereignty has never been established and it is effectively under Beijing's control. Filipino boats operate there but, are dwarfed by China's presence.

China seized the shoal in 2012 after a standoff with the Philippines and has since maintained a deployment there of coast guard and fishing trawlers. Manila has said some of the trawlers at the shoal and other disputed areas of the South China Sea are operated by Chinese maritime militia, which Beijing has never acknowledged.

A landmark ruling on various South China Sea issues by the Permanent Court of Arbitration in 2016 favored Manila but establishing sovereignty over Scarborough Shoal was not within its scope. The ruling said Beijing's blockade there violated international law as it was a traditional fishing ground for several countries, including China, the Philippines and Vietnam.

WHAT'S THE RISK OF CONFLICT?

Tensions have simmered for a while at the shoal and multiple incidents in recent years have caused diplomatic rows, but none escalated into armed conflict.

The incidents have included the use of water cannon, boat-ramming and what the Philippines considers dangerously-close maneuvers by China's coast guard, and jets shadowing Philippine aircraft over the shoal. Both sides accuse each other of provocations and trespassing.

Standing up to Beijing might score points for Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. at home and abroad, but his coast guard is under-equipped and no match for China's armada. Deployment of combat vessels could be a red line neither side wants to cross.

A deterrent might be the United States, which has taken its defense alliance with the Philippines to a new level under Marcos. Any kind of military response by China would increase the stakes considerably.

The Philippines and United States have a 1951 Mutual Defense Treaty under which Washington would defend its ally in the event of attack, a commitment US defense chiefs reinforce often. Marcos successfully lobbied for more specificity in the treaty, which now covers attacks "anywhere in the South China Sea".

WHAT HAVE EXPERTS SAID OF THE NATURE RESERVE?

Yang Xiao, a maritime expert at the China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations, said in a video on a social media account linked to China's state broadcaster that the nature reserve plan and demarcation was sound and the shoal worthy of ecological protection.

There are clear regulations that would enable protection and allow the coast guard to enforce those, Yang said, which "reflects the gradual improvement of our jurisdiction and governance over this sea area". He also accused Filipino fishermen of catching endangered species and polluting waters.

Maritime analyst Jay Batongbacal of the University of the Philippines said China's move was a ploy to justify what he called aggressive and coercive actions, which could result in fishermen arrested and used as bargaining chips.


From Gaza to Europe, via Jet Ski: Muhammad Abu Dakha’s Daring Escape Story 

Muhammad Abu Dakha, a 31-year-old Palestinian from Gaza, takes a selfie at the train station in Brussels, Belgium August 25, 2025. (Muhammad Abu Dakha/Handout via Reuters)
Muhammad Abu Dakha, a 31-year-old Palestinian from Gaza, takes a selfie at the train station in Brussels, Belgium August 25, 2025. (Muhammad Abu Dakha/Handout via Reuters)
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From Gaza to Europe, via Jet Ski: Muhammad Abu Dakha’s Daring Escape Story 

Muhammad Abu Dakha, a 31-year-old Palestinian from Gaza, takes a selfie at the train station in Brussels, Belgium August 25, 2025. (Muhammad Abu Dakha/Handout via Reuters)
Muhammad Abu Dakha, a 31-year-old Palestinian from Gaza, takes a selfie at the train station in Brussels, Belgium August 25, 2025. (Muhammad Abu Dakha/Handout via Reuters)

It took more than a year, several thousand dollars, ingenuity, setbacks and a jet ski: this is how Muhammad Abu Dakha, a 31-year-old Palestinian, managed to escape from Gaza to reach Europe.

He documented his story through videos, photographs and audio files, which he shared with Reuters. Reuters also interviewed him and his travel companions upon their arrival in Italy, and their relatives in the Gaza Strip.

Fleeing the devastation caused by the nearly two-year-old Israel-Hamas war, in which Gaza health authorities say more than 57,000 Palestinians have been killed, Abu Dakha crossed the Rafah border point into Egypt in April 2024, paying $5,000.

TO CHINA AND BACK

He said he initially went to China, where he hoped to win asylum, but returned to Egypt, via Malaysia and Indonesia, after that failed. He showed Reuters email correspondence with the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) Representation in China from August and September 2024.

Abu Dakha then went to Libya where, according to multiple reports by human rights groups and the UN, tens of thousands of migrants are routinely abused and exploited by traffickers and militias while trying to secure a spot on a boat to Europe.

According to data from Italy's interior ministry, more than 47,000 boat migrants have arrived in the country in the year to date, mostly from Libya and Tunisia. But Abu Dakha made it across in highly unusual circumstances.

After 10 failed crossing attempts with smugglers, he said he purchased a used Yamaha jet ski for about $5,000 through a Libyan online marketplace and invested another $1,500 in equipment, including a GPS, a satellite phone and life jackets.

Accompanied by two other Palestinians, 27-year-old Diaa and 23-year-old Bassem, he said he drove the jet ski for about 12 hours, seeing off a chasing Tunisian patrol boat, all while towing a dinghy with extra supplies.

The trio used ChatGPT to calculate how much fuel they would need, but still ran out some 20 km (12 miles) shy of Lampedusa. They managed to call for help, prompting a rescue and their landing on Italy's southernmost island on August 18.

They were picked up by a Romanian patrol boat taking part in a Frontex mission, a spokesperson for the European Union's border agency said, describing the circumstances as "an unusual occurrence."

"It was a very difficult journey, but we were adventurers. We had strong hope that we would arrive, and God gave us strength," said Bassem, who did not share his surname.

"The way they came was pretty unique," said Filippo Ungaro, spokesperson for UNHCR Italy, confirming that authorities recorded their arrival in Italy after a jet ski journey from the Libyan port of al-Khoms and a rescue off Lampedusa.

In a straight line, al-Khoms is about 350 km from Lampedusa.

Abu Dakha contacted Reuters while staying in Lampedusa's migrant center, after being told by a member of the staff there that his arrival via jet ski had been reported by local media.

From that point he shared material and documents, although Reuters was unable to confirm certain aspects of his account.

FROM LAMPEDUSA TO GERMANY

From Lampedusa, the odyssey continued. The three men were taken by ferry to mainland Sicily, then transferred to Genoa in northwestern Italy, but escaped from the bus transporting them before getting to their destination.

A spokesperson for the Italian interior ministry said it had no specific information about the trio's movements.

After hiding in bushes for a few hours, Abu Dakha took a plane from Genoa to Brussels. He shared with Reuters a boarding card in his name for a low-cost flight from Genoa to Brussels Charleroi, dated August 23.

From Brussels, he said he travelled to Germany, first taking a train to Cologne, then to Osnabrueck in Lower Saxony, where a relative picked him up by car and took him to Bramsche, a nearby town.

He says he has applied for asylum, and is waiting for a court to examine his application, with no date set yet for a hearing. He has no job or income and is staying in a local center for asylum seekers.

Germany's Federal Office for Migration and Refugees declined to comment on his case, citing privacy reasons.

Abu Dakha's family remains in a tent camp in Khan Younis in southern Gaza, their home destroyed.

"He had an internet shop, and his work, thank God, was comfortable financially and everything. He had built things up, and it all collapsed," said his father, Intesar Khouder Abu Dakha, speaking from Gaza.

Abu Dakha hopes to win the right to stay in Germany, and bring over his wife and two children, aged four and six. He said one of them suffers from a neurological condition requiring medical care.

"That's why I risked my life on a jet ski," he said. "Without my family, life has no meaning."