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Iraq to Build 5 New Refineries With 790,000 bpd Capacity

Flames emerge from a pipeline at the oil fields in Basra, southeast of Baghdad, Iraq (File photo: Reuters)
Flames emerge from a pipeline at the oil fields in Basra, southeast of Baghdad, Iraq (File photo: Reuters)
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Iraq to Build 5 New Refineries With 790,000 bpd Capacity

Flames emerge from a pipeline at the oil fields in Basra, southeast of Baghdad, Iraq (File photo: Reuters)
Flames emerge from a pipeline at the oil fields in Basra, southeast of Baghdad, Iraq (File photo: Reuters)

The Iraqi Ministry of Oil has announced its intention to select a number of specialized international investment companies to build five new refineries around the country.

The ministry's official, Hamid al-Zobaie, said in a press statement there is a plan to build five refineries across the country through investment and various refining cards, pointing out that the ministry is currently seeking fitted companies to build these refineries.

Zobaie added that qualification and selection processes are to study technical and financial capabilities of the companies, especially that the construction of the refinery requires up to $3 billion. Applying companies must also commit to the deadlines and ensure completion of construction within the schedule.

The official listed the refineries that will be referred to investment: Kirkuk with a capacity of 70,000 barrels per day (bpd), Wasit capacity of 140,000 bpd, Nasiriyah capacity of 140,000 bpd, Basra card 140,000 bpd, and al-Faw capacity of 300,000 bpd.

The ministry is financing Karbala refinery which is about 78 percent completed, and once it is fully constructed, it will provide about 9 million liters per day of high-quality gasoline, in addition to various oil derivatives in accordance with international standards.

Rehabilitation and development operations of refineries are done by Iraqi staff, noted the official, who added that the cost of refinery rehabilitation is much lower than its construction.

The Ministry of Oil has prepared a plan to add fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) units used in petroleum refineries which are used to convert petroleum crude oils into more valuable gasoline.

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Saudi Budget Shows Continued Government Spending on Mega-Projects

King Abdullah Financial District in Riyadh (Asharq Al-Awsat)
King Abdullah Financial District in Riyadh (Asharq Al-Awsat)
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Saudi Budget Shows Continued Government Spending on Mega-Projects

King Abdullah Financial District in Riyadh (Asharq Al-Awsat)
King Abdullah Financial District in Riyadh (Asharq Al-Awsat)

Saudi Arabia’s third-quarter budget results this year reflect the government’s commitment to boosting spending on mega-projects while working to increase revenue and contain the budget deficit.
Saudi Finance Minister Mohammed al-Jadaan stressed that managing the deficit is a key priority. He outlined strategies to ensure sustainable debt management, including directing debt to high-return sectors and attracting domestic and foreign investments.
The Ministry of Finance reported a budget deficit of SAR 30.23 billion ($8.06 billion) in the third quarter, down 15.6% from the same period last year. This brought the total deficit for the first nine months of the year to SAR 57.96 billion.
Government Spending and Revenues
Government revenues grew 20% in the third quarter to SAR 309.21 billion ($82.4 billion), while spending rose 15% to SAR 339.44 billion.
Non-oil revenues increased 6% year-on-year to SAR 118.3 billion, though they were 16% lower than in the previous quarter. Oil revenues climbed 30% year-on-year to SAR 190.8 billion but dropped 10% from the second quarter.
As of the third quarter, Saudi Arabia’s actual revenues for 2024 reached SAR 956.233 billion ($254.9 billion), a 12% rise from 2023.
Saudi Arabia’s spending topped SAR 1 trillion ($266.6 billion) by the end of the third quarter, a 13% increase from SAR 898.3 billion ($239.5 billion) a year earlier. The budget deficit for this period reached SAR 57.96 billion ($15.4 billion).
Saudi Budget Outlook and Reserve Update
The Kingdom’s Finance Ministry expects 2024 revenues to reach SAR 1.172 trillion ($312.5 billion), slightly below last year’s SAR 1.212 trillion ($323.2 billion). Expenditures are projected at SAR 1.251 trillion ($333.6 billion), with a budget deficit of SAR 79 billion ($21 billion), close to last year’s SAR 80.9 billion ($21.5 billion). By the end of the third quarter, the general reserve balance stood at SAR 390 billion ($104 billion), with the current account at SAR 76.7 billion ($20.4 billion) and public debt at SAR 1.157 trillion ($308.7 billion).
Vision 2030 Projects, Economic Reforms
Shura Council member Fadhel al-Buainain attributed the spending increase to Vision 2030 projects and social welfare programs, noting a 6% rise in non-oil revenues and a 16% boost in oil revenues.
He stressed that these gains contribute to financial stability and diversification efforts.
Enhanced Services and Growth Sectors
Dr. Mohammed Makni, Assistant Professor of Finance & Investment at Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University, highlighted the government’s focus on improving health, education, and quality of life, which are part of Vision 2030 goals impacting citizen services.
Speaking to Asharq Al-Awsat, Makni explained that Saudi Arabia’s recent expansionary spending aims to complete Vision 2030 projects.
He added that the third-quarter budget reflects positive growth across oil and non-oil activities, which have boosted revenues.
Economist Dr. Mohammed al-Qahtani pointed out that non-oil sectors and efficient spending helped reduce the third-quarter deficit.
He cited strong growth in tourism, culture, and entertainment as key contributors to non-oil revenues. Al-Qahtani expects continued improvement in the fourth quarter, especially if oil prices strengthen.