The Prado Museum’s Unsung Workers Step Into the Limelight

Manolo Osuna, a guard at the Prado Museum, in front of paintings by Jusepe de Ribera there in February.Credit...Emilio Parra Doiztua for The New York Times
Manolo Osuna, a guard at the Prado Museum, in front of paintings by Jusepe de Ribera there in February.Credit...Emilio Parra Doiztua for The New York Times
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The Prado Museum’s Unsung Workers Step Into the Limelight

Manolo Osuna, a guard at the Prado Museum, in front of paintings by Jusepe de Ribera there in February.Credit...Emilio Parra Doiztua for The New York Times
Manolo Osuna, a guard at the Prado Museum, in front of paintings by Jusepe de Ribera there in February.Credit...Emilio Parra Doiztua for The New York Times

Manolo Osuna lacks a formal art education, but he has spent years roaming the galleries of the Prado Museum as a guard and leader of a seven-person moving brigade that hefts national treasures by Spanish masters like Velázquez and Goya around the building.

With that homegrown background, Mr. Osuna, 56, has emerged from an invisible role at the museum to become an unlikely art critic in an Instagram video series that has become a hit. The videos, shot with a cellphone and selfie stick, have attracted a growing international following of up to nearly 100,000 daily viewers, who are fascinated by the slow-paced, decidedly un-Hollywood view of the museum, where a truly special experience is watching paint dry.

Every weekday, in the low hum of voices before the Prado, Spain’s national museum, opens, curatorial superstars and uniformed guards in red scarves are given a precious 10 minutes to talk. They focus on the works that are their familiar neighbors: the flirty 19th-century aristocrat in pale, green satin and pearls, or the Virgin Mary swooning below a crucified Christ.

For many fans, to listen to the videos has become a routine breakfast ritual, in which art specialists share equal play with the men and women who guard the galleries, restore Goya paintings or analyze medieval pigments in the museum’s lab.

About 50,000 people watched the Prado’s director, Miguel Falomir Faus, discuss a mythological renaissance painting by Titian, but slightly more listened to Mr. Osuna highlight a favorite portrait by the Spanish Baroque painter Jusepe de Ribera of a ragged Greek philosopher with a toothless grin and grimy fingernails. (“He’s like a peasant,” he explained. “Ribera’s characters are people from the street.”)

The attention to unsung employees is something of a rarity for international museums, where demoralized lower-tier staff members in recent years have banded together to form online support networks, share salary information and conduct annual surveys to gauge concerns.

“It’s great that the Prado is celebrating employees this way. It’s a model for other museums,” said Abi Godfrey, a duty manager at The Holburne Museum in Bath, England. In 2017, she helped found an online network called F.O.H. Museums, dedicated to “front of house” employees who work directly with visitors. “Those defined as back of house were more likely to say they felt valued, which contrasts greatly with the front of the house,” she said.

The creator of the Prado’s Instagram series is Javier Sainz de los Terreros, 37, who never appears on camera but whose soft, anonymous voice guides viewers through the galleries.

In a recent interview, Mr. Sainz de los Terreros conceded that his camera work had sometimes been shaky since his stabilizer broke. But the casual, unstaged nature, he said, is part of the charm.

If he misses a morning, he gets inquiries about his health from viewers. One visitor left an envelope at the museum addressed to “The Instagram Director,” with an appreciation gift. (It was a key chain of St. Teresa.) “You surprise me with your knowledge and creativity,” an Instagram user wrote on Monday, commenting on a video for International Women’s Day that featured female staff members discussing a 19th-century woman’s self-portrait.

Beginning in 2019, Mr. Sainz de los Terreros started filming works in the museum without dialogue, and each of the videos appeared on Instagram for just 24 hours. But viewers clamored for more, and so he created the longer, more detailed series of permanent videos now on view.

The videos often feature the unhurried, deliberate work of employees such as Elisa Mora, a restoration expert who has been at the Prado for 37 years and is just beginning to contemplate the renovation of a Goya portrait of the Countess of Chinchón purchased by the Prado in 2000 from descendants of the countess.

Standing beside the portrait in a cluttered studio, she pointed out old patchwork repairs on the back of the painting and explained an X-ray that revealed that Goya had actually painted the face of a man, which he erased by covering it over with the silvery folds of the woman’s dress. How long will it take to refurbish? Perhaps seven or more months, she said.

More than 99,000 people watched Ms. Mora’s video on Instagram and 260,000 on Facebook, and many comments praised the quick lesson in the makeover process. On Instagram, Julieta Varela, an Argentine artist, asked for more restoration updates, and an anonymous user called “Museum Nerd” from Colombia — with 200,000 followers — lauded the museum video as “an example of absolute best practices.”

Ms. Mora, who said that she was shy by nature, is more comfortable when facing a smartphone on a selfie stick. “We’re a little like doctors or surgeons who don’t think about fear while working, she said. “I’m more afraid to talk.”

Most of the videos are in Spanish without subtitles, but the museum is working on an alliance with the American Friends of the Prado Museum to create videos in English. About 30 percent of viewers are from Spain. The rest are spread internationally, with Italy and the United States ranked behind Spain. Museums in Málaga and Venice have sought the Prado’s advice about creating their own live Instagram videos, according to Mr. Sainz de los Terreros.

Mr. Osuna, who has figured in a few videos, said he was pleased with the positive reaction from visitors from Mexico and South America and viewers who are unable to visit the museum in person. He was unaware that more than 50,000 people had watched him introduce his favorite Ribera portrait, which he started studying more than 15 years ago when he joined the Prado. In conversations, he calls its philosopher subject his “compañero” — friend — and said he felt a special bond to the smiling man because of his hands, worn by years of labor.

“The beautiful thing is that people have learned about jobs that we do that they didn’t know anything about,” said Mr. Osuna, who is sometimes recognized in the museum by his Instagram fans. “And they learned about our challenges and our difficulties.”

(The New York Times)



An Iconic Puzzle Comes Home as Production of the Rubik’s Cube Returns to Hungary

Hungarian architect and inventor Ernő Rubik attends the opening event of Rubik's Cube production line of the Jasz-Plasztik plastic processing company in Jaszbereny, Hungary, 10 November 2026. (EPA)
Hungarian architect and inventor Ernő Rubik attends the opening event of Rubik's Cube production line of the Jasz-Plasztik plastic processing company in Jaszbereny, Hungary, 10 November 2026. (EPA)
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An Iconic Puzzle Comes Home as Production of the Rubik’s Cube Returns to Hungary

Hungarian architect and inventor Ernő Rubik attends the opening event of Rubik's Cube production line of the Jasz-Plasztik plastic processing company in Jaszbereny, Hungary, 10 November 2026. (EPA)
Hungarian architect and inventor Ernő Rubik attends the opening event of Rubik's Cube production line of the Jasz-Plasztik plastic processing company in Jaszbereny, Hungary, 10 November 2026. (EPA)

More than half a century ago, a Hungarian architect, sculptor and professor invented what would become one of the world's most popular and beloved puzzles whose appeal has spanned generations: the colorful, mind-bending, six-sided Rubik's Cube.

Now, after selling more than half a billion units and becoming a worldwide cultural touchstone, production of the cube is returning to Hungary, where its inventor, Ernő Rubik, first conceived of the iconic object that bears his name.

Hungary “is the home of the cube. The cube was born here,” Rubik, 82, said on Tuesday at the opening of a new, fully automated Rubik's Cube production line in the Hungarian city of Jászberény.

The journey of the Rubik's Cube began in 1974, when Rubik was teaching design at the Academy of Applied Arts and Design in Budapest. Seeking to create a three-dimensional object that was “infinite,” he said, he completed a prototype — then made of wood — of a cube that could rotate on multiple axes and was made up of 27 blocks.

Recognizing its consumer value, Rubik soon began producing more of the puzzles. Beginning in 1977, an initial 5,000 units of what was then called the “Magic Cube” were sold at specialty shops in the Hungarian capital.

The invention — or what Rubik prefers to describe as a “discovery” — gained popularity, and after having difficulties procuring materials for the cubes in then-socialist Hungary, he realized: “We were not prepared for that size of production ... We can’t fulfill the needs of the market worldwide.”

The cube was licensed to a British and then a US toy company, and its production was moved abroad. By the early 1980s, its popularity had exploded in what Rubik called “the first big wave,” in which he said 200 million units were sold between 1980 and 1983.

While sales of the cube dipped after its initial success, it still attracts plenty of users eager to try their hand at solving the puzzle. Millions are sold every year.

At the new production line in Hungary, a series of robotic arms assembles the cubes and tests them for functionality and durability — a level of automation Rubik said was “very different” than in the early days when the cubes were assembled by hand.

The new line in Jászberény plans to produce 1 million cubes annually.

Steve Radewych, a senior vice president with Canadian toy company Spin Master, which owns the Rubik's Cube trademark, said at Tuesday's opening that the theme of the day was: “Back to its roots: The cube comes home.”

“Ernő, your discovery is more than a toy,” Radewych told Rubik. “It's a global social phenomenon.”

Radewych noted the “incredible staying power” of the Rubik's Cube, and the fact that the puzzle continues to hold the fascination of young people even today.

“The cube represents an intellectual journey, a symbol of intelligence, problem-solving and cognitive discipline,” he added, which “has brought joy — and frustration — to many generations.”

The cube has enjoyed another surge in popularity in recent years as global competitions have proliferated, measuring who can solve the puzzle the fastest.

The current record, set only last month in China by nine-year-old Xuanyi Geng, is 2.51 seconds, according to the World Cube Association, which organizes and certifies competitions across the world.

Rubik, who does not consider himself a speed competitor, said that for him, the cube represents a “transformable sculpture,” the place where art and engineering meet and users can manipulate and change the cube in nearly endless variations.

“If you are doing something, creating something, you have the chance to do something that is meaningful — that’s one part — and beautiful,” he said.


SpaceX Starship Test to Attempt First-Ever Spaceship ‘Catch'

SpaceX's mega rocket Starship is stacked and prepared for a test flight from Starbase, Texas, Thursday, Nov. 12, 2026. (AP)
SpaceX's mega rocket Starship is stacked and prepared for a test flight from Starbase, Texas, Thursday, Nov. 12, 2026. (AP)
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SpaceX Starship Test to Attempt First-Ever Spaceship ‘Catch'

SpaceX's mega rocket Starship is stacked and prepared for a test flight from Starbase, Texas, Thursday, Nov. 12, 2026. (AP)
SpaceX's mega rocket Starship is stacked and prepared for a test flight from Starbase, Texas, Thursday, Nov. 12, 2026. (AP)

Elon Musk's SpaceX was poised Friday to carry out its latest test of the world's biggest and most powerful rocket, the Starship, with plans for a groundbreaking "catch" of the spaceship following a day in orbit.

A successful capture of the Starship upper stage would mark a significant milestone in the space industry's decades-long pursuit of fully reusable spacecraft that can drastically reduce mission costs and make frequent travel possible.

"If successful, this will mark the first full recovery of an orbital launch system and a breakthrough moment in making Starship a reliable, rapidly reusable rocket," SpaceX said.

For the 15th Starship test flight Friday, SpaceX aims to recover both stages of the massive 124-meter (407-foot) launch vehicle.

The company has caught the booster, dubbed Super Heavy, on three previous occasions, with the first stage descending vertically back to the launch site shortly after blastoff and nestling into mechanical "chopstick" arms.

It will now attempt to do the same with the spaceship. Some versions of the vessel are designed to launch internet satellites and data centers into orbit, while others will be made to ferry people to the Moon and Mars.

A spacecraft that can be fully reused is the "Holy Grail" of the space industry, said Clayton Swope, an aerospace expert at the Center for Strategic and International Studies.

"No one's really been able to do that so far," he said. "People have been trying to do that since the (NASA) space shuttle. But the space shuttle ended up being kind of a compromise because a lot of the vehicle wasn't reusable."

Reusing the Starship spacecraft would require the vessel to withstand the extreme heat of reentering Earth's atmosphere and then return to service without extensive refurbishment.

- Refueling challenge -

Musk, the world's richest person, has already revolutionized the space sector with the partially reusable Falcon rockets, which are regularly employed to launch satellites and carry astronauts to the International Space Station.

The Starship project, however, has been plagued by years-long delays as SpaceX grapples with novel engineering challenges -- even as NASA is counting on the spaceship to serve as a lunar lander for its Artemis program.

Other technical challenges include transferring fuel to Starship in orbit -- a requirement for any journey to the Moon or Mars.

Following SpaceX's high-profile stock market debut in June, the company carried out the first orbital flight of Starship in September, though the mission was cut short due to an engine issue.

It is also investing heavily in additional launch sites for its mega-rocket in Louisiana and Florida.

- Complex capture -

Friday's launch is scheduled to take place at SpaceX's "Starbase" in southern Texas at 4:45 pm (2245 GMT).

Following liftoff and the mid-air separation of the two stages, SpaceX plans to bring Super Heavy back to Earth six and a half minutes later, catching it at the launch site on the Gulf of Mexico coastline.

The spaceship will continue to reach Earth's orbit, where it will deploy 26 satellites into Musk's Starlink satellite internet constellation that has become a major revenue stream for SpaceX.

It will then circle the planet 14 times, before returning 22 hours later and -- SpaceX hopes -- descending safely into the chopstick arms.

This capture attempt is more complex than that of the booster, as the spaceship will be descending much faster and from a much greater altitude.

SpaceX has said it would proceed with these maneuvers only if conditions are optimal, and in the past has made last-minute changes to test flights under Musk's "fail fast" strategy of learning through crashes, explosions and other mishaps.

As of late Thursday, the US Federal Aviation Administration had not yet given its final approval for the test flight.


Delhi Overtakes Lahore as World’s Most Polluted City as Air Quality Drops

Traffic moves on a smoggy morning as air pollution spikes in New Delhi, India, November 13, 2026. (Reuters)
Traffic moves on a smoggy morning as air pollution spikes in New Delhi, India, November 13, 2026. (Reuters)
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Delhi Overtakes Lahore as World’s Most Polluted City as Air Quality Drops

Traffic moves on a smoggy morning as air pollution spikes in New Delhi, India, November 13, 2026. (Reuters)
Traffic moves on a smoggy morning as air pollution spikes in New Delhi, India, November 13, 2026. (Reuters)

India's capital Delhi overtook Lahore in Pakistan to become the world's most polluted city on Friday, with air quality reaching hazardous levels and visibility dropping as smog blanketed the city of 20 million people.

Air quality index (AQI) in Delhi was "hazardous" at 334, making ‌it the ‌most polluted global major ‌city, ⁠according to Swiss group ⁠IQAir, which measures air quality levels based on the concentration of toxins.

An AQI reading up to 50 is considered good with little or no ⁠health risk.

India's official ‌Central Pollution ‌Control Board pegged the AQI higher at ‌403 and rated it "severe".

The ‌Swiss and Indian readings vary due to the different AQI scales and methodologies used to calculate and ‌classify air pollution levels.

Cars and motorcycles emerged from dense ⁠smog, ⁠which also appeared to obscure streetlights on the city's main roads, videos from news agency ANI showed.

Pollution is a seasonal problem in many parts of northern India and neighboring Pakistan, as the cold, heavy air of winter traps vehicle emissions, construction dust and smoke from agricultural burning.