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Sudanese Campaign to Recover Mummy of ‘Queen of Upper and Lower Egypt’ from Vatican

The mummy of Amani Ridis
The mummy of Amani Ridis
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Sudanese Campaign to Recover Mummy of ‘Queen of Upper and Lower Egypt’ from Vatican

The mummy of Amani Ridis
The mummy of Amani Ridis

Sudanese and archeological experts renewed their calls for returning from the Vatican Museum in Rome the mummy of the “Kandaka”, the god Amun’s wife (Amani Ridis), who was addressed as "Her Highness the wife of God Amun.”

Muahannad Othman, an archaeological researcher who is part of the campaign for retrieving the queen, says that the Vatican Museum has been asked that the princess's mummy be returned to the Sudanese National Museum.

Othman explained that the campaign, along with its initiative to retrieve the mummy, is trying to figure out how it got to the Vatican Museum, especially since it falls into the twenty-fifth sequence of the families of the Pharaonic kingdoms, and is a religious symbol of the worship of the god Amon.

Its presence at the Vatican is bewildering despite the stories that the mummy was gifted by the British colonialists.

He went on to say that the campaign spreads awareness about the history of the Nubian kingdoms of Sudan, and that he is awaiting the signing of the Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites to recover the mummy and other Sudanese monuments in museums around the world.

"We need an official document that supports the campaign because some laws prevent the recovery of monuments after 50 years."

Munawar Sayed Ahmed, an archaeological activist, called on Sudan’s National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums to endorse the campaign, plan for retrieving the Sudanese artifacts and antiques scattered across museums in the world, communicate with The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and sign the 1977 agreement, which allows for recovering of monuments upon request.

He added: “The National Corporation should find out which international museums hold Sudanese monuments. The Louvre Museum, for example, includes 340 artifacts and antiques.”

Director of the National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums Ghalia Jar El-Nab told Asharq Al-Awsat that networks of experienced foreign archaeologists facilitated the theft of antiquities.

While much was lost during the colonial period (1898 - 1956), "the great disaster hit with the Antiquities Law of 1999, which allowed foreign archaeological missions to share the discovered antiquities with Sudan."

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Horse Therapy Program in Namibia Brings Joy to Children with Learning Disabilities

Merci who participates in the "Enabling Through the Horse," therapy program outside Windhoek, Namibia, pets a horse on Feb. 18, 2025. (AP)
Merci who participates in the "Enabling Through the Horse," therapy program outside Windhoek, Namibia, pets a horse on Feb. 18, 2025. (AP)
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Horse Therapy Program in Namibia Brings Joy to Children with Learning Disabilities

Merci who participates in the "Enabling Through the Horse," therapy program outside Windhoek, Namibia, pets a horse on Feb. 18, 2025. (AP)
Merci who participates in the "Enabling Through the Horse," therapy program outside Windhoek, Namibia, pets a horse on Feb. 18, 2025. (AP)

Susan de Meyer's horses have different effects on different children. Hyperactive kids learn to be a little quieter around them while nonverbal children are moved to communicate and to bond with them.

De Meyer runs a program in the southern African country of Namibia that harnesses the power but also the gentleness of horses to help children with learning disabilities and conditions like ADHD and autism.

Each weekday morning, de Meyer's dusty paddock just outside the capital, Windhoek, is enlivened by a group of eight to 10 children from one of the special schools she helps. The children ride the horses, groom them, stroke them and often, de Meyer says, talk to them.

De Meyer grew up on a farm surrounded by horses and they've always been part of her life. She said they have a quality that is invaluable: They don't judge the children, no matter how different they are.

"The horse is the hero in this whole situation because these kids don’t want to be around a lot of people," de Meyer said.

De Meyer's program, "Enabling Through the Horse," is supported by the Namibian Equestrian Federation and won an award last year from the International Equestrian Federation because it "underlines the wonderful characteristics of the horse in exuding sensitivity and intuition."

Horse therapy has been promoted by autism groups and those that work with children with learning disabilities as having a positive impact. And animal therapy in general has been found to be useful in many instances, like dogs that help military veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder and therapy cats that are taken to hospitals and nursing homes.

Some survivors of the devastating 2023 Hawaii wildfires found relief in horse therapy while grieving loved ones they had lost.

De Meyer jokes she has "two-and-a-half horses." These include two Arabians — a white mare named Faranah and a brown gelding, Lansha — while the "half" is a miniature horse called Bonzi, who is about head-high for a 5-year-old.

The Arabians are often the most useful for the children's therapy because of their size, de Meyer said.

"It gives them self-esteem. When they stroke the horse, the therapy starts because this is a very big animal compared to their height, and they are not scared to stroke the horse ... and then to ride it and tell the horse what they want," she said.

De Meyer works with children with a range of conditions or disabilities, including autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Down syndrome, those who are nonverbal or touch sensitive, and some who were born with fetal alcohol syndrome and have developmental problems.

She has received interest from other countries in Africa and Asia to start similar programs there.

"The changes that I’ve seen with the learners are significant," said Chriszell Louw, a teacher at Dagbreek School, which says it is one of just two government schools in Namibia for children with intellectual disabilities. "We have a learner that likes to talk a lot. When we come here, she knows she has to keep quiet. She sits in her place."

"Some of them you see they are more open, they are happy. Some of them were very scared when they started with the horse riding but now they are very excited. When they hear we’re going to the horses they are very excited and just want to go by themselves," Louw said.

De Meyer said her program helps with fine-motor skills, gross-motor skills, muscle strengthening, coordination, balance and posture, all important for kids who struggle to sit at a desk at school and learn.

One simple exercise de Meyer has children do when they ride is to let go of the reins and stretch their arms out straight and to the sides, using only their torso and lower body to balance as a groom leads the horse around the paddock.

Some of the kids break out in smiles when they let go and look like they're soaring.

"We make the world different for these kids," de Meyer said.