China's Young Jobseekers Struggle Despite Economic Recovery

A jobseeker takes a break at a recruitment fair in Zhengzhou, China. (AFP)
A jobseeker takes a break at a recruitment fair in Zhengzhou, China. (AFP)
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China's Young Jobseekers Struggle Despite Economic Recovery

A jobseeker takes a break at a recruitment fair in Zhengzhou, China. (AFP)
A jobseeker takes a break at a recruitment fair in Zhengzhou, China. (AFP)

Biology student Ma Jingjing wandered the hall of a job fair in central China among other young Chinese hoping to find work in an economy crushed by the coronavirus pandemic.

Ma, 26, is one of almost nine million people graduating and entering the job market this year at a time of great uncertainty, an issue that has the ruling Communist Party worried to the point that President Xi Jinping has made it a priority.

The world's second-largest economy may have rebounded sharply from a historic virus-induced contraction, but its young graduate jobless rate in June was more than three times that for urban unemployment.

Ma was among hundreds of young faces streaming in and out of the job fair on a recent weekend in Zhengzhou, where employers in industries ranging from real estate to manufacturing were recruiting.

Like many others, the aspiring teacher is "at a loss" and wondering if she should settle for any job or hold off work for further education.

"I have applied to seven or eight private schools, but only one has called me back for an interview," she told AFP at the fair.

"I've studied for so many years and don't want my family to pay for further training," she said.

"I'm especially worried about my finances."

Aware of the risk that mass unemployment can spark political unrest -- jeopardizing the party's pledge of prosperity in return for unquestioned political power -- the government has been making efforts to boost graduate employment via state-owned enterprises (SOEs).

But poorer opportunities this year are pushing some into further studies, less ideal jobs or other options.

'Extremely anxious'

Although China's economy appeared to make a strong comeback in the second quarter -- growing 3.2 percent on-year -- analysts caution the rebound may be overestimated, with a gap re-emerging between national figures and higher-frequency data.

Louis Kuijs of Oxford Economics told AFP there is no doubt China is recovering, but the magnitude would determine if growth is "strong enough to re-absorb some of the labor market problems" that emerged earlier this year, such as layoffs.

A gap in growth of a few percentage points could lead to a difference of millions of jobs created, he added.

Although China's urban unemployment rate slipped to 5.7 percent in June, 19.3 percent of new graduates remained jobless, UOB economists said in a report, adding the labor market "continued to face challenges".

Top-level economic data has not necessarily meant better hiring on the ground.

A 27-year-old surnamed Kang, who graduated in 2017, is back in the market after his contract in the communications industry in Beijing ended.

He decided to return to Zhengzhou, but has only received around five callbacks after sending more than 30 resumes to firms -- and is still looking for a job.

"The virus outbreak has limited travel and a lot of job fairs have been postponed or cancelled," he said. "I'm extremely anxious."

Lu Yifan, 25, said the pandemic had caused many overseas Chinese students like him to return home sooner than planned -- adding to the flood of jobseekers.

And Guangdong graduate Zhao Jingying, 22, told AFP: "For us (this year), getting a single job offer is a feat."

Another, Beijing-based Huo Ruixi, 23, left university in July but is planning a second round of further education after an unsuccessful five-month job search.

'Pressures are larger'

The crisis is also causing problems for employers.

Yang Changwei, manager at Deyou Real Estate, told AFP at the Zhengzhou fair it was getting harder to hire sales staff based on commission.

"It feels like jobseekers' mindsets have shifted," he said.

"In sales, you may or may not make deals but with other jobs there can be more stability in income. Because of the epidemic, financial pressures are larger as well."

Officials are ramping up efforts to boost graduate employment, and Premier Li Keqiang announced over nine million new roles will be created this year.

A State Council guideline in March said smaller firms that recruit graduates with contracts longer than a year will be given a subsidy, while SOEs will "continuously expand" the scale of graduate-hiring this year and next.

Henan authorities, for one, said at least half the recruitment positions at SOEs within the province should be reserved for this year's graduates, while Nanjing city in Jiangsu province set aside one billion yuan ($143 million) to provide 100,000 internships for struggling graduates, Xinhua news agency reported.



China Temporarily Bans Helium Exports as US-Iran Tensions Flare Again

Ships and containers at a Chinese port (Reuters)
Ships and containers at a Chinese port (Reuters)
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China Temporarily Bans Helium Exports as US-Iran Tensions Flare Again

Ships and containers at a Chinese port (Reuters)
Ships and containers at a Chinese port (Reuters)

China announced on Friday a temporary export ban on helium, effective immediately, as resumption of military conflict in the Middle East threatens to trigger new shortages of the gas critical for chip manufacturing.

Earlier this year, the US-Israeli war on Iran led to helium shortages, disrupting companies globally, including in China, where the AI industry increasingly relies on domestic chips for training and ⁠running AI models. Helium is essential for heat management in semiconductor production.

The helium ban is the latest example of Beijing seeking to prevent domestic shortages of critical materials by curbing exports. It has previously imposed similar measures on fuel, fertilizers and sulfuric acid.

China is also looking to boost domestic chip manufacturing capacity and reduce the industry's dependence on cutting-edge Nvidia semiconductors that fall under US export controls.

China is heavily ⁠dependent on overseas helium despite efforts to expand domestic production.

Still, the export ban could squeeze global supply further because Chinese companies have increasingly acted as intermediaries, importing Russian helium and re-exporting some volumes to overseas markets, including Europe.

According to Reuters, analysts ⁠estimate China imports around 85% or more of its helium requirements. Qatar accounts for a major share of global helium output and has supplied more than half ⁠of China's imports in recent years.

Helium is extracted from natural gas fields with unusually high helium concentrations and cannot be quickly manufactured from ⁠other industrial processes.

In chipmaking, it is used for wafer cooling, plasma etching, chemical vapor deposition, atomic layer deposition, lithography support and leak detection.


IEA Says Global Oil Demand Picks Up Despite War Fears

FILE PHOTO: A drone view of three berths able to load vessels with oil is seen after their construction at Westridge Marine Terminal, the terminus of the Canadian government-owned Trans Mountain pipeline expansion project in Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada, April 26, 2024. REUTERS/Chris Helgren/File Photo
FILE PHOTO: A drone view of three berths able to load vessels with oil is seen after their construction at Westridge Marine Terminal, the terminus of the Canadian government-owned Trans Mountain pipeline expansion project in Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada, April 26, 2024. REUTERS/Chris Helgren/File Photo
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IEA Says Global Oil Demand Picks Up Despite War Fears

FILE PHOTO: A drone view of three berths able to load vessels with oil is seen after their construction at Westridge Marine Terminal, the terminus of the Canadian government-owned Trans Mountain pipeline expansion project in Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada, April 26, 2024. REUTERS/Chris Helgren/File Photo
FILE PHOTO: A drone view of three berths able to load vessels with oil is seen after their construction at Westridge Marine Terminal, the terminus of the Canadian government-owned Trans Mountain pipeline expansion project in Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada, April 26, 2024. REUTERS/Chris Helgren/File Photo

The International Energy Agency said Friday that "a recovery" in global oil demand had started as supplies tentatively start moving through the strategic Strait of Hormuz again and prices ease.

"A recovery in world oil demand is underway, with consumption set to rise from its May nadir," AFP quoted the IEA's monthly report as saying.

The agency had in June predicted a fall in demand of 1.1 million barrels a day (mbd) through 2026 because of the Middle East war, which strangled traffic through the strait. It now expects a one million barrel a day fall.

"Global oil supply rebounded by a sharp 4.1 mbd to 98.8 mbd in June, as a resumption of flows through the Strait of Hormuz underpinned a partial recovery in Gulf production. World output was nevertheless some 9.4 mb/d below pre-war levels," it said.

"Total Gulf oil exports, including volumes bypassing the Strait, surged by 6.5 mbd in June, to 16.1 mbd - a big jump but still well below the 24 mbd average before the war started."

According to the IEA, world supply improved to 102.6 mbd in June and would continue to get better if there was "a swift de-escalation of renewed hostilities".

"If transit volumes improve, oil supply will expand by 7.5 mbd next year," the agency added.

The agency said world oil reserves increased for the first time since the US-Israeli attacks on Iran on February 28 set off the war.

It added that stocks in the richest nations had fallen as their oil imports remained low despite the rise in volumes being transported by sea.

While oil prices fell dramatically in June, fresh fighting between US and Iranian forces this week "clouds the outlook", the IEA said.

"Renewed exchanges of fire in the Gulf this week highlight the risks of not reaching a lasting peace agreement, which is a must for the normalization in oil markets," it commented.


Humain, Cohere Launch Strategic Partnership to Expand AI Infrastructure in Saudi Arabia

Logo of the Saudi company Humain (Asharq Al-Awsat)
Logo of the Saudi company Humain (Asharq Al-Awsat)
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Humain, Cohere Launch Strategic Partnership to Expand AI Infrastructure in Saudi Arabia

Logo of the Saudi company Humain (Asharq Al-Awsat)
Logo of the Saudi company Humain (Asharq Al-Awsat)

Humain, the company building an integrated artificial intelligence ecosystem, and Canadian sovereign AI company Cohere have announced a strategic partnership to develop AI computing infrastructure and support the development of sovereign AI models and enterprise AI solutions in Saudi Arabia.

The agreement was announced during Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney’s visit to the Kingdom, marking Cohere’s first international expansion outside North America.

Under the partnership, Humain will allocate at least 50 megawatts of AI-dedicated computing capacity to support the next generation of foundation models being developed by Cohere.

The capacity may be expanded over the next five years in line with growing demand, with the infrastructure scheduled to become operational in the fourth quarter of 2027.

The collaboration also includes the development of customized AI solutions for enterprises, sovereign Arabic-language models, and specialized models for various economic sectors, supporting the secure adoption of AI applications across the Kingdom.

Humain Chief Executive Officer Tareq Amin said access to computing capacity will be the defining factor in the future of artificial intelligence.

He added that Cohere’s decision to establish its first large-scale international computing deployment in Saudi Arabia reflects the strength of the infrastructure Humain is developing to support advanced AI research and foundation models.

For his part, Aidan Gomez, Cohere’s co-founder and chief executive officer, said developing new generations of AI models requires sustained access to high-performance computing.

He added that the partnership with Humain provides the infrastructure and flexibility needed to support the company’s long-term strategy, while also enabling collaboration on sovereign AI models and initiatives that will benefit both Saudi Arabia and global markets.

The partnership aims to combine Humain’s AI infrastructure with Cohere’s expertise in developing large language models, strengthening regional AI computing capabilities and creating a scalable platform to meet growing demand for enterprise AI solutions.

It also seeks to enable organizations to deploy secure, production-ready AI applications tailored to business needs.