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Nobel Laureate: No Positive Change in Iran So Long as Constitution Hasn’t Changed

Shirin Ebadi criticizes EU diplomat for attending Raisi’s inauguration

Shirin Ebadi. (AFP)
Shirin Ebadi. (AFP)
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Nobel Laureate: No Positive Change in Iran So Long as Constitution Hasn’t Changed

Shirin Ebadi. (AFP)
Shirin Ebadi. (AFP)

Shirin Ebadi, Iranian lawyer and winner of the 2003 Nobel Peace Prize, has criticized Enrique Mora, a deputy to European foreign policy chief Josep Borrell for taking part in the inauguration ceremony of the country’s incoming President Ebrahim Raisi. Accusing the EU of having a “double standard” towards Iran, Ebadi said Iran’s realities should be expressed for Europeans to be ashamed of having such representatives.

Speaking to Independent Persian’s Editor-in-Chief Camelia Entekhabifard, Ebadi said: “The European Union is sending a representative to the inauguration ceremony of Ebrahim Raisi, one of the primary figures responsible for murders of the 1980s… This shows EU’s approach and its double standard; we should do something for the European people to be ashamed of having such representatives. This can be done by expressing the truth about Iran.”

When asked what future she sees for Iran and the Iranian people, Ebadi remarked: “Whoever would have become president in lieu of Mr. Raisi, who is responsible for the 1988 massacre, the situation would be bad. Why? Because my problem isn’t with Khamenei or Raisi as individuals but Iran’s political structure. This structure is based on a constitution; so long as we have the current constitution, nobody could bring Iran out of these dire conditions.”

“The constitution, for instance, defines the Shiite faith as the official religion,” she added. “And it’s the same constitution that says all laws should be based on Islamic principles. These are decided by the six clerics of the Guardian Council who are appointed by one person, meaning the Supreme Leader. Thus, one person’s opinions are how ‘Islamic principles’ are decided.”

According to Ebadi, this constitution and political structure has no room for people and “the Iranian people will never see happiness” with these in place. “If we give all authority to one person, what happens to the people?” she asked.

“Even whoever is elected in these flawed elections (which aren’t realty elections since the candidates are first vetted by the Supreme Leader’s representatives in the Guardian Council) has to still be approved by the Supreme Leader,” Ebadi said.

“Now Mr. Raisi has become president in the farce elections only after he was appointed by [Ali] Khamenei. In other words, Khamenei could have decided not to approve him. Now tell me: where is the place of people here? Raisi is known as a butcher. But even if a very good person was elected, what could he do?”

Speaking of the late 1990s, Ebadi said: “Remember the era of reformists! Mr. Khatami, supposedly the spiritual father of reformists, was president for eight years. For six years of this period, reformists had majority in the parliament. Was that government of the reformist era able to do anything? Could it stop the catastrophe we are now living in?”

“This is why it’s not the question of this or that individual for me,” Ebadi concluded. “Don’t tell me about individuals. Talk to me about laws and the constitution. That’s where the problems lie. So long as the constitution has not changed, no positive change can come to Iran.”

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UN Envoy to Sudan: Foreign Arms Fuel Military Illusions, Prolong War

The United Nations’ special envoy to Sudan, Ramtane Lamamra (UN Photo) 
The United Nations’ special envoy to Sudan, Ramtane Lamamra (UN Photo) 
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UN Envoy to Sudan: Foreign Arms Fuel Military Illusions, Prolong War

The United Nations’ special envoy to Sudan, Ramtane Lamamra (UN Photo) 
The United Nations’ special envoy to Sudan, Ramtane Lamamra (UN Photo) 

The United Nations’ special envoy to Sudan, Ramtane Lamamra, has issued a stark warning about the continued flow of weapons into the war-torn country, saying it only “feeds military delusions” and delays peace.

In his first in-depth interview since assuming the role earlier this year, Lamamra told Asharq Al-Awsat that peace in Sudan cannot be imposed from outside but must be forged by Sudanese themselves through collective will and unity.

“Peace is not imposed, it is made,” he said. “And if Sudanese do not make it, it will not come to them from the outside.”

Lamamra, an Algerian diplomat and former foreign minister with decades of experience in African mediation, emphasized that no military solution is possible in Sudan’s conflict. Instead, he called for an urgent political settlement, warning that “each day of delay means more fragmentation, more bloodshed.”

Following meetings in Port Sudan with Sovereign Council leader Gen. Abdel Fattah al-Burhan and ongoing communications with the leadership of the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), Lamamra acknowledged that the path to peace remains long and difficult.

He condemned what he described as a dangerous “logic of dominance” driving the conflict—a belief that complete military victory is possible, regardless of the cost to Sudan’s social fabric. “Some actors still think peace can wait until one side wins,” he said. “But that’s a delusion. There is no military solution.”

Instead, he stressed: “Sudan needs a political solution based on compromise, not revenge.”

Since taking office, Lamamra has focused on coordinating rather than expanding international mediation efforts. He voiced concern about the “overcrowding of mediators,” which he said has allowed Sudanese factions to exploit international divisions.

To address this, Lamamra launched a consultative group that includes the African Union, the Arab League, and peace-sponsoring countries. The group has met in Cairo, Djibouti, and Mauritania and plans to convene again in Brussels under EU sponsorship.

“What we need is not more mediators, but consensus around a unified vision,” he said. “Multiple tracks have allowed some parties to bet on contradictory international positions, delaying serious efforts toward peace.”

He pointed to UN Security Council Resolution 2724, which tasked him with coordinating peace efforts, emphasizing that its implementation hinges on aligning international efforts behind a single, realistic peace strategy.

Asked whether Sudan’s war has faded from global attention, Lamamra acknowledged that media coverage may fluctuate but said the humanitarian catastrophe continues to deepen.

“The suffering is daily and ongoing,” he said, highlighting the dire conditions in North Darfur and the rapidly deteriorating situation in Zamzam camp. “The tragedy breaks the heart.”

With over 13 million internally displaced and millions more seeking refuge abroad, Lamamra described Sudan as the site of the world’s largest humanitarian crisis today. “This is a country under siege by arms, division, and international silence,” he said.

He praised the special attention paid by UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, who has longstanding ties to Sudan dating back to his leadership of the UN refugee agency.

Lamamra was especially vocal about the dangerous role of foreign military support. “Feeding the war with weapons is not support for resolution—it is participation in prolonging delusion and division,” he said.

He accused some regional and international actors of backing Sudanese factions in hopes of future influence. “They forget that war leaves nothing intact to control,” he noted. “It’s in no one’s interest to see Sudan collapse.”

The envoy reiterated the UN’s calls for a total halt to arms shipments and strict enforcement of Security Council resolutions aimed at cutting off military funding.

Despite international interference, Lamamra emphasized that the ultimate responsibility for ending the war lies with Sudanese themselves. “History will judge them first and foremost,” he underlined.

Lamamra said the Jeddah Declaration—an agreement brokered by Saudi Arabia to ensure humanitarian access and civilian protection—remains a viable starting point for peace efforts. He commended Riyadh’s efforts and urged regional actors to intensify pressure on warring factions.

He also pointed to the upcoming Arab League summit in Baghdad as a potential turning point. “Sudan is central to the Arab identity. This is not a crisis that allows for neutrality,” he said.

In a direct message to the Sudanese public, Lamamra expressed admiration for their resilience. “I visited Port Sudan recently and met with leaders and citizens. I was moved by their hospitality and strong will to take charge of their future,” he said.

He pledged the UN’s continued support, acknowledging the scale of the humanitarian challenge: “Children, women, and innocent civilians are being stripped of life’s basic necessities. This crisis demands a moral awakening—not just from governments, but from everyone who hears and sees.”

Lamamra concluded: “Peace is not a one-time event—it’s a long-term project. And if we don’t begin now, there may be nothing left to build on in a few months.”