Iconic Musician Seeks to Rebuild Iraq through Music

Iraqi virtuoso oud player Naseer Shamma prepares to perform with an orchestra, at the Iraqi National Theater in Baghdad, Iraq, Friday, Jan. 21, 2022. (AP Photo/Hadi Mizban)
Iraqi virtuoso oud player Naseer Shamma prepares to perform with an orchestra, at the Iraqi National Theater in Baghdad, Iraq, Friday, Jan. 21, 2022. (AP Photo/Hadi Mizban)
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Iconic Musician Seeks to Rebuild Iraq through Music

Iraqi virtuoso oud player Naseer Shamma prepares to perform with an orchestra, at the Iraqi National Theater in Baghdad, Iraq, Friday, Jan. 21, 2022. (AP Photo/Hadi Mizban)
Iraqi virtuoso oud player Naseer Shamma prepares to perform with an orchestra, at the Iraqi National Theater in Baghdad, Iraq, Friday, Jan. 21, 2022. (AP Photo/Hadi Mizban)

War kept him away from his beloved homeland for decades. Now, virtuoso oud player Naseer Shamma hopes to help rebuild conflict-scarred Iraq through a series of concerts and other projects to support culture and education.

The audience at the Iraqi National Theater were on their feet, overcome with emotion as Shamma played a night of classics from the Iraqi songbook and modern compositions.

“We will work on lighting the stage, to get out of the darkness into the light,” he told the crowd, before kicking off the evening with, “Sabah El Kheir Ya Baghdad,” or, “Good Morning Baghdad.”

Behind him, an orchestra, including young women musicians, played traditional instruments. The 59-year-old Shamma is considered a modern-day master of the oud, a pear-shaped stringed instrument similar to a lute whose deep tones and swift-changing chords are central to Arabic music.

Born in the southern city of Kut and raised in a conservative family, he received his first oud lesson at the age of 11 and later graduated from the Baghdad Academy of Music in 1987. He fled Iraq in 1993 during Saddam Hussein’s dictatorship and gained international fame, performing around the world and receiving dozens of awards.

In Cairo, he founded the House of the Oud, a school dedicated to teaching the instrument to new generations. Shamma, who currently lives in Berlin, returned to Iraq for the first time in 2012 to perform in a concert hosted by the Arab League. He said he was shocked and overwhelmed with sadness to see what had become of his country, which had fallen into non-ending cycles of war and sectarian blood-letting after the US-led invasion that toppled Saddam.

“I found concrete T-walls surrounding Baghdad, I felt like I was walking inside a can, not a city,” Shamma told The Associated Press in an interview, referring to the blast walls that line many streets in Baghdad. He returned several times since, most recently in 2017, when Iraq was torn apart in its battle with ISIS group militants who had captured much of the north.

This was Shamma’s first time back to an Iraq relatively at peace, though wracked by economic crisis. The mood, he noted, had changed, the city is more relaxed and the audience more responsive. “The audience’s artistic taste had changed as a result of wars, but last night it was similar to the audiences of the ’80s. I felt as if it was in an international concert like one in Berlin,” Shamma said Friday after the first of four concerts he is holding in Baghdad this month.

The concert series, held under the slogan “Education First,” aims to highlight Iraq’s decaying education system, which has suffered under years of conflict, government negligence and corruption. According to the World Bank, education levels in Iraq, once among the highest in the region, are now among the lowest in the Middle East and North Africa. Ticket sales will go toward renovating the Music and Ballet School in Baghdad.

“In Iraq there are still schools made of mud, and students don’t have desks, they sit on the floor,” Shamma said.

“Education is the solution and answer for the future of Iraq.” Shamma is known for using his fame to support humanitarian causes, Iraqi children and art. A few years ago, he led an initiative that rebuilt the destroyed infrastructure of 21 main squares in Baghdad. He is also a UNESCO peace ambassador.

Shamma said he hopes he can return to Iraq for good in the near future and fired off a list of projects he has in mind to support reconstruction. He expressed his opposition to religious parties who try to silence art and political opponents and praised Iraqi youth who paid a high price for revolting against their corruption.

“The Iraqi people and Iraqi youth will not accept the hegemony of so-called religious parties. This is an open country where culture plays a very big role,” he said, advocating for separation of politics from religion.

Fatima Mohammed, a 55-year-old Iraqi woman, shivering from the cold as she emerged from the concert on an uncharacteristically icy January evening, said the event was a message to everyone that Baghdad will never die.

“I felt as I witnessed the women playing that Baghdad is fine and will return despite all the pain that we carry with us,” she said. “I will come tomorrow also to listen to music, it gives me hope in life.”



Satellite Data Shows Earth is Getting Ever Brighter at Night

FILE PHOTO: A view of Earth taken by NASA astronaut and Artemis II Commander Reid Wiseman from one of the Orion spacecraft’s window after completing the translunar injection burn on April 2, 2026. NASA/Handout via REUTERS
FILE PHOTO: A view of Earth taken by NASA astronaut and Artemis II Commander Reid Wiseman from one of the Orion spacecraft’s window after completing the translunar injection burn on April 2, 2026. NASA/Handout via REUTERS
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Satellite Data Shows Earth is Getting Ever Brighter at Night

FILE PHOTO: A view of Earth taken by NASA astronaut and Artemis II Commander Reid Wiseman from one of the Orion spacecraft’s window after completing the translunar injection burn on April 2, 2026. NASA/Handout via REUTERS
FILE PHOTO: A view of Earth taken by NASA astronaut and Artemis II Commander Reid Wiseman from one of the Orion spacecraft’s window after completing the translunar injection burn on April 2, 2026. NASA/Handout via REUTERS

Daily satellite observations have revealed a continued nighttime brightening globally due to artificial lighting, with important regional variations including a surge in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia alongside a deliberate dimming in Europe driven by concerns over energy conservation and light pollution.

Researchers documented a 16% net increase in global nighttime light from 2014 to 2022, but showed it was not a steady brightening but rather a patchwork of increasing and decreasing regional brightness shaped by numerous factors. The United States in 2022 had by far the highest total luminosity of any country, followed by China, India, Canada and Brazil, Reuters reported.

Brightening was found to be propelled mainly by rapid urbanization, infrastructure expansion and rural electrification.

Dimming, however, had two very different drivers. Abrupt dimming was usually caused by natural disasters, power grid failures and armed conflicts. Gradual dimming was often deliberate, guided by government regulations, transitions to energy-efficient LED lights and efforts to cut light pollution.

"For decades, we've held a simplified view that the Earth at night is just getting steadily brighter as human population and economies grow," ⁠said Zhe Zhu, ⁠a professor of remote sensing and director of the University of Connecticut's Global Environmental Remote Sensing Laboratory, senior author of the study published on Wednesday in the journal Nature.

"We discovered that the Earth's nightscape is actually highly volatile," Zhu said. "The planet's lighting footprint is constantly expanding, contracting and shifting."

The researchers used more than a million daily images obtained by a US government Earth-observation satellite and processed by NASA. Previous global studies relied mostly on annual or monthly composite satellite images.

The most dramatic brightening occurred in emerging economies, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. It was led by Somalia, Burundi and Cambodia, followed by several African nations including Ghana, Guinea ⁠and Rwanda.

"This isn't just urbanization. It is a massive expansion of energy access," Zhu said. "These numbers represent a profound shift as entire regions transition from near-total darkness to becoming part of the global electric network."

Massive light loss occurred in countries such as Lebanon, Ukraine, Yemen and Afghanistan, where light was a casualty of armed conflict and infrastructure collapse. Similar declines were observed in Haiti and Venezuela, where dimming was more closely associated with prolonged economic crises and unreliable energy supply.

"In Ukraine, we observed a sharp, sustained decrease in light that aligned perfectly with the escalation of the conflict in February 2022," when Russia launched a large-scale invasion, Zhu said.

"We see similar abrupt darkness falling over regions in the Middle East during periods of conflict," Zhu said.

Europe experienced a 4% net decrease in nighttime light radiance, largely due to technological advances and environmental policies.

"It is driven by a widespread shift from older, less-efficient streetlights like high-pressure sodium lamps to newer, directional LED systems, as well as strict national energy-efficiency mandates and ⁠dark-sky conservation efforts," Zhu said. "Europe is ⁠fascinating because it presents a very structured dimming pattern."

Zhu called France a world leader in dark-sky conservation and energy-efficiency mandates.

Study co-author Christopher Kyba, a professor of nighttime light remote sensing at the Ruhr University Bochum in Germany, added: "The dimming in France that took place because of deliberate decisions to turn streetlights off late at night when there is no longer any activity on the streets is extraordinary. It will be very interesting to see how this develops over time, and whether this practice expands beyond France."

The United States registered a 6% net light increase during the study period.

"Geographically, the USA offers a microcosm of this global light complexity. The West Coast largely brightened, consistent with population growth and vibrant tech economies. However, much of the East Coast and Midwest actually dimmed. This was driven by de-densification in older urban cores, the decline of certain manufacturing sectors, and aggressive adoption of smart, energy-efficient city lighting programs like those in Washington, D.C., and Chicago," Zhu said.

Large-scale illumination began with gaslights in cities in the early 19th century, followed by electric lights later that century - and a relentless increase since. Cities and towns glow at night, obscuring most of the stars that once shone above.

"Light pollution has profound ecological consequences, disrupting nocturnal ecosystems, animal migrations and human circadian rhythms," Zhu said.


Man Fined $300 for Entering Hippo Moo Deng's Pen

(FILES) Moo Deng (R), a 1-year-old female pygmy hippo who became a viral internet sensation, eats birthday cake with her mother at Khao Kheow Open Zoo in Chonburi province on July 10, 2025. (Photo by Chanakarn Laosarakham / AFP)
(FILES) Moo Deng (R), a 1-year-old female pygmy hippo who became a viral internet sensation, eats birthday cake with her mother at Khao Kheow Open Zoo in Chonburi province on July 10, 2025. (Photo by Chanakarn Laosarakham / AFP)
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Man Fined $300 for Entering Hippo Moo Deng's Pen

(FILES) Moo Deng (R), a 1-year-old female pygmy hippo who became a viral internet sensation, eats birthday cake with her mother at Khao Kheow Open Zoo in Chonburi province on July 10, 2025. (Photo by Chanakarn Laosarakham / AFP)
(FILES) Moo Deng (R), a 1-year-old female pygmy hippo who became a viral internet sensation, eats birthday cake with her mother at Khao Kheow Open Zoo in Chonburi province on July 10, 2025. (Photo by Chanakarn Laosarakham / AFP)

A Thai court has fined a man $300 after he broke into the enclosure of Moo Deng, an endangered baby pygmy hippo and internet sensation, the zoo director said Wednesday.

Moo Deng -- whose name translates as "bouncy pork" -- has gained global attention thanks to social media videos showing her adorable antics, drawing tens of thousands of visitors and boosting zoo ticket sales.

Last month, a Thai man unlawfully entered Moo Deng's pen, which also houses her mother, at the Khao Kheow Open Zoo about a two-hour drive from the capital Bangkok.

Footage of the close encounter released by local media showed a man inside the enclosure and recording Moo Deng with a tablet.

Khao Kheow Open Zoo said at the time that Moo Deng was unharmed but "slightly startled", and it would pursue legal action against the intruder.

On Wednesday, zoo director Narongwit Chodchoy told AFP that a state prosecutor had informed him that the man was found guilty by a local court after his confession and fined 10,000 baht ($300).

AFP could not immediately reach a court official for comment.

"The decision shows that no one can violate animals' rights, no matter whether they are in an enclosure or in the wild," Narongwit said.

Since the incident in March, he said no similar security breaches had occurred and the zoo had increased security patrols to deter would-be intruders.

"We train staff on what to do if any animals escape, but from now on, we will have to train them on what to do if there are any intruders," Narongwit said.

"We learned from this lesson and will not allow it to happen again -- not to Moo Deng and not to other animals in the zoo."

The pygmy hippo calf, which marked its first birthday in July, has inspired merchandise and memes since first going viral online in 2024.


Escaped Wolf Forces School Closure in South Korea

This picture taken and released on April 8, 2026 by Daejeon Fire Headquarters via Yonhap shows a wolf that escaped from a zoo walking on a road in Daejeon. (Photo by YONHAP / AFP)
This picture taken and released on April 8, 2026 by Daejeon Fire Headquarters via Yonhap shows a wolf that escaped from a zoo walking on a road in Daejeon. (Photo by YONHAP / AFP)
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Escaped Wolf Forces School Closure in South Korea

This picture taken and released on April 8, 2026 by Daejeon Fire Headquarters via Yonhap shows a wolf that escaped from a zoo walking on a road in Daejeon. (Photo by YONHAP / AFP)
This picture taken and released on April 8, 2026 by Daejeon Fire Headquarters via Yonhap shows a wolf that escaped from a zoo walking on a road in Daejeon. (Photo by YONHAP / AFP)

A wolf that escaped from a zoo in South Korea remained at large Thursday, authorities said, prompting a local school to close over safety concerns as the search continued.

The male wolf -- born in 2024 and weighing about 30 kilograms - escaped from a zoo at a theme park in Daejeon, about 150 kilometers (93 miles) south of Seoul, on Wednesday, triggering a wide search in surrounding areas.

It remained at large Thursday, authorities said, with a nearby school closing for safety.

"Daejeon Sanseong Elementary School is closed today following the escape of a wolf from a zoo yesterday," a spokesperson for the Daejeon Metropolitan Office of Education told AFP.

More than 300 people -- including firefighters, police officers and military troops -- are taking part in the search operation, an official from the Daejeon Fire Headquarters said.

"We deployed drone cameras early in the morning but had to pull them back due to the ongoing rain," he told AFP.

The wolf dug into the ground and damaged the zoo's installed fence before escaping, according to the fire official.

Images released by local media showed it wandering in the middle of a road.

In 2023, a male zebra became a global sensation after escaping from a zoo in Seoul and was seen roaming through the streets.

The zebra - named Sero - was eventually cornered in a narrow alley, safely tranquilized and returned to his enclosure without any injuries.