In Iraq’s Mosul, Library Rises from Ashes of ISIS Reign

A librarian shows a book from University of Iraq's northern city of Mosul, one of those that escaped destruction at the hands of the ISIS group Zaid AL-OBEIDI AFP
A librarian shows a book from University of Iraq's northern city of Mosul, one of those that escaped destruction at the hands of the ISIS group Zaid AL-OBEIDI AFP
TT
20

In Iraq’s Mosul, Library Rises from Ashes of ISIS Reign

A librarian shows a book from University of Iraq's northern city of Mosul, one of those that escaped destruction at the hands of the ISIS group Zaid AL-OBEIDI AFP
A librarian shows a book from University of Iraq's northern city of Mosul, one of those that escaped destruction at the hands of the ISIS group Zaid AL-OBEIDI AFP

The storied library of Iraq's Mosul University boasted a million titles before ISIS militants rampaged through it, toppling book shelves and burning ancient texts.

Now, almost five years after their defeat, the war-battered northern metropolis is trying to rebuild the pride of the city long known as a literature hub boasting countless booksellers and archives guarding rare manuscripts.

Mohamed Younes, technical director of the prestigious university library, recalls the carnage he witnessed after Mosul was recaptured from ISIS in mid-2017 following long and grueling street battles.

"When we came back, we saw... the books pulled from the shelves, thrown on the ground and burned," he said, AFP reported.

Thousands of texts on philosophy and law, science and poetry which in some way contradicted the ISIS's extremist world view had gone up in flames.

Some of the most valuable titles were sold on the black market.

"Before, we had more than a million titles, some of which couldn't be found in any other university in Iraq," said Younes.

When the militants were first at the gates of the city, he said, "we were only able to move the rare books and a number of foreign periodicals".

With the ISIS group's brutal takeover of Mosul, 85 percent of the collection was lost.

Before ISIS, Mosul University was "the mother of all books," said former student Tarek Attiya, 34, who is now enrolled at Tikrit university.

"There is a huge difference between what used to be and the situation after ISIS," he said.

Now there is a revival going on to, with the help of donations, slowly line the library shelves with books again.

The library building, refurbished with financing from a UN agency, is set to reopen this month. Four floors high with a sleek glass exterior, it will have an initial 32,000 books.

It will also feature a digital trove of e-books, with a view to eventually rebuilding a million-strong collection.

Ahead of the opening, the books have been housed in the narrow premises of the university's engineering faculty where shelves are overflowing and titles are stacked on every available surface.

Significant donations from Arab and international universities have been received to "enable the revival of the library," said the director.

Renowned figures in Mosul and across Iraq have also contributed by "dipping into their personal" collections, he added.

The northern metropolis of Mosul has historically been a hub for merchants and aristocrats, with a rich cultural and intellectual life.

A commercial crossroad of the Middle East, Mosul was able to preserve thousands of rare and ancient works, notably religious texts.

Iraq's first printing press was operating in Mosul in the second half of the 19th century.

Signs of Mosul's fledgling cultural revival have begun to take root -- at least where there was anything left to save.

The library of the Waqf, the state body that manages Islamic endowments, once contained manuscripts dating back 400 years, said its head, Ahmed Abd Ahmed.

But, he added sadly, "they have all disappeared".

Elsewhere in the city, Al-Nujaifi street, historically lined with booksellers, still bears the scars of destruction wrought by the militants.

Many shops are abandoned, and mounds of rubble lay under old stone arches -- but a handful of shopkeepers have reopened their doors after paying out of pocket for restoration work.

Mosul's central public library -- which was founded a century ago last year, and had boasted more than 120,000 titles -- reopened its doors in late 2019, after restoration.

"We lost 2,350 books on literature, sociology or religion," said its director Jamal al-Abd Rabbo.

But he added that public donations and purchases had allowed him to rebuild the collection up to 132,000 titles.

Old leather-bound books with worn spines and creased pages still line the library's shelves.

Crucially, the public's appetite for literature remains unbroken, he said, and "some of our visitors come daily, for an hour or two, to read".



Saudi KAUST Researchers Develop Lithium-Metal Battery

Saudi KAUST Researchers Develop Lithium-Metal Battery
TT
20

Saudi KAUST Researchers Develop Lithium-Metal Battery

Saudi KAUST Researchers Develop Lithium-Metal Battery

Scientists at Saudi Arabia’s King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), in collaboration with their counterparts at King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), have made a breakthrough that could increase the power and lower the cost of lithium-metal batteries by incorporating nylon into the design.

In a statement on Sunday, KAUST said the study highlights the advantages of lithium metal batteries, known for their high energy density and lightweight properties, over conventional lithium-ion batteries.

While lithium-ion batteries remain the industry standard, lithium-metal batteries offer superior performance, making them ideal for applications in robotics, transportation, and consumer electronics. However, current production methods rely on hazardous and corrosive chemicals that compromise efficiency and safety.

Head of the KAUST Center of Excellence for Renewable Energy and Storage Technologies Professor Husam Alshareef said: “My research team is dedicated to building renewable energy and storage solutions such as higher energy density and safer batteries to accelerate decarbonization adoption in the Kingdom. This was a discovery that promises cheaper and safer additives and demonstrates the benefits of basic scientific research.”