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Memoirs of Late Prime Minister Saeb Salam (Part 2): The Americans Secured Arafat’s Protection as He Left Beirut

Saeb Salam with Yasser Arafat.
Saeb Salam with Yasser Arafat.
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Memoirs of Late Prime Minister Saeb Salam (Part 2): The Americans Secured Arafat’s Protection as He Left Beirut

Saeb Salam with Yasser Arafat.
Saeb Salam with Yasser Arafat.

The second episode of the memoirs of late Lebanese Prime Minister Saeb Salam talks about the Israeli invasion in the summer of 1982, where Salam says that under the bombardment and raids, he felt as if “the gates of hell were wide open.”

Salam reviewed the contacts he made with the late Palestinian President Yasser Arafat and Palestinian resistance officials, who used to live in Beirut, most notably: Abu Iyad, Abu Jihad, and Hani al-Hassan, as well as the Lebanese figures who played a role at that stage, especially President Elias Sarkis and Bashir Gemayel, who was leading the Lebanese Forces, then elected President of the Republic and assassinated before taking office.

The memoirs are issued in three parts by Hachette Antoine publishing house, and will be available in Lebanon starting June 28 and on the Antoine Online website.

The Israeli bombing of Beirut

Salam recounted that on the night of June 22, 1982, as Israel was intensely bombarding the capital, he decided to meet with the “Palestinian resistance.”

The next day, “Abu Ammar (Yasser Arafat), who had come to my house when the Islamic Gathering was in session, spoke to me in an irrational way. He said: “I am encircled, I will strike in all directions… In the north, the south, the elderly, the children, the women, Jounieh, the whole country, everyone, the Israelis. ... We will not die like this, we will not die.”

Salam continued: “I tried so hard to talk to him, to calm him down; but he wouldn’t listen. Then I tried again, saying: “[Then-US Envoy to Lebanon] Ambassador Philippe Habib is seriously seeking to stop the Israeli advancement.” He replied: “They will take the airport, they will transport the tanks by helicopter, they will crawl on us and we will not die, we will fight!””

Salam said that several days passed while he repeated, even to foreign newspapers and correspondents who flocked to Beirut, that the Palestinians fought gloriously and that they had the right to die only as fighters…

The late premier said that he insisted with Habib that the Lebanese army should go to Beirut, after agreeing with the Palestinians.

“Without an agreement with the Palestinians, the army cannot go down and ensure that there will not be a clash with the militants, especially the Palestinians. Abu Ammar refused this, and demanded that the Israeli army withdraw beyond 7 kilometers” from Beirut, he explained.

Salam recounted that one evening, he received a phone call from Habib, who said that he had obtained US confirmation that [then-Israeli Defense Minister Ariel] Sharon had agreed not to enter the Beirut airport, provided that the Palestinians stop their attacks.

“I was making these endeavors out of my concern for the Palestinian cause… I have taken from Habib guarantees that they will not allow attacking the Palestinians if the Lebanese army was in Beirut, nor would accept their humiliation or slaughter as he said, and I, in turn, conveyed these assurances as requested by America,” he wrote.

The threats of Yasser Arafat

Salam recounted in his memoirs that Yasser Arafat insisted on his stance, after having “emptied all his crazy and meaningless words… that he would destroy and strike east, south and north...”

He said that thousands of Beirut residents were forced to leave the city towards the north and the east, while others remained “at the mercy of Sharon’s bombs.”

“The month of Ramadan began while we were still under this situation… I was constantly imploring the world, news agencies and newspapers... I strived every hour with the ministers, with the ambassadors, with the ‘Islamic Gathering’… shouted that the Israelis wanted to eliminate the ‘Palestinian resistance’ once and for all…”

Salam continued: “I had to call the President of the Republic twice, and I spoke to him in a harsh tone, saying: “You are sitting in Baabda, but your capital is at the mercy of the Israelis every hour, and they may destroy it… I also spoke to the Grand Mufti and asked him to broadcast a statement on television, to the peoples of the world and the heads of friendly and brotherly countries...”

Talks with Bashir Gemayel

The late prime minister recounted in his memoirs: “I received the foreign correspondents at the Commodore Hotel… Germans, Italians, English, Americans and French, from BBC, AP, UP, New York Times, Le Monde and Der Spiegel... I was explaining to them the situation and developments... I believed that I was fulfilling my patriotic and national duty… as the Palestinian resistance could not be crushed under the feet of the Israeli invader.”

He stressed that he was repeating this stance “to our Maronite brothers, and to Bashir Gemayel in particular.”

Salam noted that while he maintained a good relationship with Bashir Gemayel, the latter’s attitude changed when the Israelis entered Lebanon.

Addressing Gemayel, Salam said: “Bashir, you know that my heart is open to you and my hands are outstretched… For the sake of Lebanon, we must cooperate… But today, I feel that you are shortsighted. If the Israelis achieve their goal and humiliate the resistance, you will be inflicted with great harm. And if they gain all of that and destroy Beirut and the Muslims… you will be at the mercy of the Israelis, and you will be the biggest losers.”

As for Arafat, Salam said that he would always come to him a few minutes after the Iftar, to sit for hours, arguing with him, without changing his stance.

The late premier pointed to an article by Michel Abou Jaoudeh, published in An-Nahar newspaper, which described Saeb Salam as the “president of the Republic of Beirut.”

The article emphasized that any solution to the Beirut issue should begin with solving the Lebanese problem, then the whole Middle East file.

“But if Beirut is destroyed or besieged, all of Lebanon will be gone, and there will be no peace in the region,” the article read, as translated from Arabic.

“Abou Jaoudeh’s view converged with mine,” Salam wrote.

He added: “In this context, I maintained continuous contacts with Habib and the resistance, especially after the leaders of the resistance wrote and signed a report that they were going to leave Beirut.”

The day the Palestinians left

“I remember that it was Monday, August 30, 1982, when Abu Ammar visited the Prime Minister, and from there went to the port…

“We entered the ship, where a meeting took place, attended by President Al-Wazzan, representing His Excellency the President of the Republic, and Rene Moawad. Abu Ammar gave a moving speech, then presented a message to Al-Wazzan, and a medal to Beirut in the name of the General Commander of the Organization... He called it, ‘the Beirut Resilience Medal.’

“I was quite satisfied with this farewell; because in fact, it allowed Abu Ammar and the Palestinian resistance, to leave with dignity. What caught everyone’s attention was that the Americans, although they refused to recognize the Palestinian organization, were guarding the roads from the commercial center to the port, on both sides, just as they guarded Abu Ammar with their battleships in the sea. So, this is an indirect acknowledgment, as the Greek ship was under the protection of the American and French fleet,” Salam wrote in his memoirs.

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Arab World

Ali Kayali, Main Suspect in 2013 Baniyas Massacre, Arrested

A Syrian army officer puts on his blast suit during a demining operation, by the Syrian Ministry of Defense's military engineering department, to clear land mines in Qarah in the Damascus countryside on August 23, 2026. (Photo by Bakr ALkasem / AFP)
A Syrian army officer puts on his blast suit during a demining operation, by the Syrian Ministry of Defense's military engineering department, to clear land mines in Qarah in the Damascus countryside on August 23, 2026. (Photo by Bakr ALkasem / AFP)
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Ali Kayali, Main Suspect in 2013 Baniyas Massacre, Arrested

A Syrian army officer puts on his blast suit during a demining operation, by the Syrian Ministry of Defense's military engineering department, to clear land mines in Qarah in the Damascus countryside on August 23, 2026. (Photo by Bakr ALkasem / AFP)
A Syrian army officer puts on his blast suit during a demining operation, by the Syrian Ministry of Defense's military engineering department, to clear land mines in Qarah in the Damascus countryside on August 23, 2026. (Photo by Bakr ALkasem / AFP)

Syria's General Intelligence Service has arrested Ali Kayali, also known as Mihrac Ural, the main suspect in the 2013 Baniyas massacre, as he attempted to flee across the border, according to the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA).

The agency did not specify where he was arrested or which country he was attempting to enter. Syrian sources say he had been spotted crossing the border into Lebanon several times.

However, according to Lebanon's MTV television, the Syrian-Turkish national known as Ali Kayali, or Mihrac Ural, and nicknamed the "Butcher of Baniyas" in Syria, was the same person reportedly abducted from his home in Mansourieh, in Lebanon's Metn district, after his wife and son were tied up.

Asharq Al-Awsat could not independently verify the accuracy of the report.

Who Is Mihrac Ural?

Mihrac Ural was born in 1956 in Türkiye's Hatay province, formerly known as the Sanjak of Alexandretta. He joined a far-left extremist party and was imprisoned several times in Türkiye before fleeing to Syria in the early 1980s.

There, he received special privileges, including Syrian citizenship, which was granted to him by then-President Hafez al-Assad.

Ural later adopted the Syrian name Ali Kayali and led an armed group known as the Syrian Resistance, which fought alongside forces loyal to Bashar al-Assad throughout the Syrian war.

The group has been linked to the massacres in al-Bayda and Baniyas and participated alongside Assad's forces in suppressing the Syrian uprising. Ural's name has also been associated with the 2012 Houla massacre and the bombings in Reyhanli, Türkiye.

According to the Syrian Network for Human Rights (SNHR), the al-Bayda massacre claimed the lives of 264 civilians, including 36 children and 28 women. The Ras al-Nabaa massacre killed another 195 civilians, including 56 children and 43 women.

Testimonies and reports documenting the two massacres described bodies scattered across streets, shops and even basements, as well as summary executions carried out with firearms and bladed weapons. Homes and bodies were also reportedly burned.

Militias affiliated with Kayali were also accused of carrying out massacres against Syrians in the countryside of Latakia, Aleppo and Idlib, leaving hundreds dead and wounded.

Human Rights Watch, in a report published in September 2013, documented the execution of at least 248 people, including 167 in al-Bayda and 81 in Baniyas, warning that the actual death toll could be higher.

Based on survivor testimonies and video evidence, the organization concluded that the vast majority of the victims had been killed after fighting had ended and opposition fighters had withdrawn from the two areas.

Following news of Kayali's arrest, chants of "Allahu Akbar" rang out from mosques in al-Bayda, a town near Baniyas in Syria's western Tartus province, on Thursday.

Videos circulating online showed mosques broadcasting the chants, which those sharing the footage said were in celebration of Ural's reported arrest, nearly 13 years after the massacre.

Marking the occasion, Fadel Abdul Ghany, executive director of the Syrian Network for Human Rights, wrote on X on Thursday:

"On May 10, 2013, we published our report documenting the killing of 459 civilians, including 92 children and 71 women. We named Ali Kayali in the report, based on testimonies from residents who identified him as one of the leaders of the massacre."

He described the killings as a massacre with a sectarian character, recalling the painstaking work of documenting the names of children, women and men, families that had lost several members or had been wiped out entirely, and survivors whose testimonies remained unforgettable.

"More than 13 years later, I feel how important it is that this case has finally reached a stage where one of its most prominent suspects can be investigated. Today, I am thinking especially of the victims' families, who have waited all these years," he added.

Ahmad Muwaffaq Zaidan, media adviser to the Syrian presidency, also welcomed the arrest in a post on X.

"We congratulate our people on the arrest by Syrian intelligence, in cooperation with the Interior Ministry, of the criminal Mihrac Ural, known as Ali Kayali, who carried out massacres against our people during the Syrian revolution, including the al-Bayda massacre in Baniyas," he wrote.

He vowed that those responsible for killings would be pursued regardless of how much time had passed, stressing that perpetrators would not escape Syria's security agencies.

Syrian authorities had previously announced on October 4 the arrest of Jamal Trabulsi, whom they identified as Ural's deputy, on suspicion of involvement in the same massacre.

Syrian authorities are pursuing individuals implicated in abuses against civilians during Assad's rule as part of their stated efforts to achieve transitional justice and hold those responsible for crimes accountable.

On December 8, 2024, Syrian rebels entered Damascus and announced the overthrow of Bashar al-Assad's regime, ending the rule he had inherited from his father, Hafez al-Assad.

Arab World

Contaminated Gasoline Sparks Fears Over Diesel Quality in Syria

A gas station in Damascus displays fuel prices following the latest increase, which sparked protests in several Syrian cities (Reuters). 
A gas station in Damascus displays fuel prices following the latest increase, which sparked protests in several Syrian cities (Reuters). 
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Contaminated Gasoline Sparks Fears Over Diesel Quality in Syria

A gas station in Damascus displays fuel prices following the latest increase, which sparked protests in several Syrian cities (Reuters). 
A gas station in Damascus displays fuel prices following the latest increase, which sparked protests in several Syrian cities (Reuters). 

A video of a young girl collecting animal dung for heating in northeastern Syria has revived memories of bitter winters during the war, as rising fuel prices, a weakening currency and a scandal involving contaminated gasoline fuel concerns over a worsening cost-of-living crisis.

The widely circulated footage shows the girl gathering dung from farmland in rural Hasakah to make "jalla", a traditional fuel used for heating. With winter approaching, she explains that diesel is too expensive to obtain.

The images brought back painful memories for Fatima Hamid, 49, who fled Deir Ezzor for Sahnaya, near Damascus, where she spent several years living with her three children in a cold, dark basement.

For Hamid, the recent increase in diesel prices and plans to introduce a cheaper, lower-quality heating fuel have revived fears of the hardships she endured.

“Under Assad, they used to sell us tiny quantities of black diesel, thick as mud, for our heaters. Its smell would suffocate us,” she recalled.

“Today, we fear the cheaper diesel they’re talking about will be like the red gasoline that damaged cars.”

Fuel prices rise as pound weakens

Syria’s Energy Ministry raised diesel and other petroleum product prices by 40% in September, increasing the price of diesel from 125 to 175 Syrian pounds per liter.

Authorities subsequently introduced a lower-quality, subsidized diesel for heating and agricultural use at 115 pounds per liter.

The Syrian pound weakened against the dollar on Tuesday, with the exchange rate exceeding 141 pounds to the dollar after several months of stability at around 130.

Economists linked the depreciation to inflationary pressures resulting from higher fuel prices.

Meanwhile, the Syrian Petroleum Company recently refused to unload two diesel tankers because their cargoes failed to meet required specifications.

Oday al-Sattouf, the company’s media department director, announced that a tanker carrying 16,000 tons of diesel had begun docking and unloading at storage facilities in the port of Baniyas, while a second vessel was awaiting its turn.

The shipments are intended to meet growing demand ahead of winter.

Speaking to the official SANA news agency, al-Sattouf outlined measures to address shortages, including coordinating with the Homs refinery to increase production and supply diesel to all provinces at 150 pounds per liter.

Additional quantities priced at 115 pounds per liter would be produced at Hasakah refineries, while remaining stocks at the Tishreen and Baniyas storage facilities would also be used.

He expected supplies to stabilize as deliveries became regular and the Baniyas refinery resumed operations.

Contaminated gasoline sparks anger

The controversy over contaminated gasoline distributed in Syrian markets has continued since the beginning of October.

It followed fuel shortages and widespread confusion after authorities raised the price of 90-octane gasoline to 185 pounds per liter and 95-octane gasoline to 195 pounds.

An employee at a Damascus filling station told Asharq Al-Awsat that the adulterated fuel had been withdrawn from all government-run Sadcop stations.

Supplies of gasoline meeting the required specifications began reaching those outlets early Tuesday, following quality checks at both the source and delivery points in Damascus.

The additional inspections delayed deliveries to filling stations in several provinces, the employee explained.

He denied that there was a gasoline shortage and advised motorists to use government stations until the remaining contaminated fuel had been removed from private-sector outlets.

Khaled Jamal al-Khalaf, a member of the Syrian People’s Assembly’s fuel committee, has called for the dismissal and prosecution of Syrian Petroleum Company director Youssef Qablawi.

Speaking on Syria’s state news channel on Sunday, al-Khalaf held Qablawi fully responsible for what he described as the “contaminated gasoline disaster,” citing extensive damage to motorists’ vehicles.

At a car repair workshop in Damascus, Fadi al-Akram was trying to drain the contaminated gasoline from his vehicle and assess the damage to its fuel pump.

He estimated his initial loss at two million Syrian pounds for the gasoline alone, while repairs could cost another five million.

Al-Akram questioned who would compensate him for the damage.

Investigation results pending

Authorities have yet to announce the findings of an investigation into the contaminated gasoline.

The Syrian Company for the Storage and Distribution of Petroleum Products, Sadcop, previously announced an inquiry into the source of the substandard fuel and how it had reached filling stations.

In a statement issued amid mounting complaints, the company reported that tests on samples collected at different stages of the supply chain showed compliance with approved specifications.

It nevertheless acknowledged that cases of fuel failing to meet quality standards had been detected in the domestic market.

 

 

 

 

Arab World

Hezbollah Aid to Displaced Families Raises Questions Over Funding Sources

A woman and her daughter, displaced from their home in the South Lebanon village of Aita al-Shaab in 2023, live in a rented apartment in the southern town of Maarakeh (EPA). 
A woman and her daughter, displaced from their home in the South Lebanon village of Aita al-Shaab in 2023, live in a rented apartment in the southern town of Maarakeh (EPA). 
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Hezbollah Aid to Displaced Families Raises Questions Over Funding Sources

A woman and her daughter, displaced from their home in the South Lebanon village of Aita al-Shaab in 2023, live in a rented apartment in the southern town of Maarakeh (EPA). 
A woman and her daughter, displaced from their home in the South Lebanon village of Aita al-Shaab in 2023, live in a rented apartment in the southern town of Maarakeh (EPA). 

Hezbollah’s announcement of financial assistance for displaced Lebanese families and those affected by the fighting with Israel has raised questions about where the money comes from and how it is transferred and distributed, amid US sanctions on Iran and tighter Lebanese oversight of funding channels.

The announcement also comes as Lebanese authorities move to place all weapons under the control of legitimate state forces.

Meanwhile, President Joseph Aoun received a telephone call from Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi to discuss regional developments. According to the Lebanese presidency, the two agreed on the need to support diplomatic solutions as the best way to end conflicts in the region.

Hezbollah’s funding sources

Hezbollah has traditionally relied on direct Iranian support, donations from sympathizers abroad and commercial activities, as well as illicit sources that US authorities accuse the group of exploiting.

Lebanese authorities, meanwhile, are seeking to strengthen financial regulations and oversight, particularly through proposed amendments to Law No. 44 on combating money laundering and terrorist financing.

The changes aim to identify the beneficial owners of companies and commercial ventures, trace the origins and destinations of funds, and tighten supervision of currency exchange dealers and money transfer companies.

US questions reported Iranian funding

A US State Department spokesperson has questioned, for a second time, reports of money reaching Hezbollah from Iran.

“The money supposedly arriving from Iran simply does not exist,” the spokesperson was quoted as saying.

The official accused Hezbollah of relying on criminal activities, including drug trafficking and partnerships with Latin American drug cartels, to compensate for funds it was not receiving from Tehran.

No detailed public evidence was provided to substantiate the allegations.

The spokesperson described Hezbollah’s aid announcement as an attempt to salvage its reputation rather than help those it had drawn into war. The official also accused the group of dragging Lebanon into war in a “suicidal” manner, arguing that even if Hezbollah had the money, it would use it to purchase weapons to threaten Israel and intimidate its opponents.

Hezbollah’s weapons, the spokesperson added, had brought Lebanon nothing but misery and destruction.

The official said Washington was working with Gulf and European partners on a plan to make billions of dollars available for Lebanon’s reconstruction, without specifying a final amount or implementation timetable.

Disarming Hezbollah was an essential part of efforts to restore stability and prevent renewed conflict, he stressed.

On Tuesday, Hezbollah announced a financial assistance program for displaced families whose homes had been destroyed or damaged and who had no alternative accommodation.

The program covers rent and furniture expenses of up to $14,000, payable over one year.

The announcement came days after Reuters reported that Hezbollah had received $200 million from Iran to assist displaced Lebanese families, a claim also questioned by Washington.

Questions over alternative funding channels

Sami Nader, director of the Middle East Institute for Strategic Affairs, told Asharq Al-Awsat that US skepticism suggested Washington was closely monitoring Hezbollah’s potential funding sources.

However, he did not rule out the possibility that Iran and Hezbollah had recently developed new methods of transferring money, including cryptocurrencies or gold.

Nader said US trade monitoring and tighter financial restrictions posed challenges to such channels, potentially explaining the latest round of sanctions. He stressed the need for Lebanon to enforce its financial laws across all sectors.

“The Lebanese state must enforce the laws as it did with Al-Qard Al-Hassan, and oversight must cover all areas,” he said.

Nader called for scrutiny of cryptocurrency exchange offices to determine whether they complied with Lebanese regulations, adding that new legislation might be needed to address emerging financial mechanisms.

Concerns over Lebanon’s financial standing

Lebanese Forces lawmaker Razi al-Hajj accused Hezbollah of trying to project the same strength it possessed before the two wars, while disregarding the deaths, injuries and economic collapse that followed.

He also accused the group of attempting to shift responsibility onto the government, which he said had already shouldered more than it could manage. While affirming that those affected by the fighting were entitled to assistance, al-Hajj said the central issue was enforcing laws against money laundering and terrorist financing.

He warned that failures in this area could damage Lebanon’s financial standing and international relations.

The deputy argued that Hezbollah’s funding, which he characterized as generally originating from illicit sources, posed a threat to state stability and ties with the international community.

He also warned that Lebanon could move from the Financial Action Task Force’s gray list to its blacklist.

Transparency must apply to everyone

Lawmaker Fouad Makhzoumi said demands for transparency and verification of funding sources, transfer methods and distribution mechanisms should apply to everyone without exception.

Writing on X, he warned of the risks of money laundering and terrorist financing, particularly given Lebanon’s inclusion on the gray list of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF).

Makhzoumi also urged the government to assume responsibility for providing shelter and assistance to displaced families, stressing that no Lebanese citizen should be left to face hardship alone.