Saudi-Russian Agreements Result with Two Nuclear Reactors in 2018

Minister of Energy, Industry and Mineral Resources Khalid al-Falih and Russian counterpart Alexander Novak at the joint press conference (Asharq Al-Awsat / Iqbal Hussein)
Minister of Energy, Industry and Mineral Resources Khalid al-Falih and Russian counterpart Alexander Novak at the joint press conference (Asharq Al-Awsat / Iqbal Hussein)
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Saudi-Russian Agreements Result with Two Nuclear Reactors in 2018

Minister of Energy, Industry and Mineral Resources Khalid al-Falih and Russian counterpart Alexander Novak at the joint press conference (Asharq Al-Awsat / Iqbal Hussein)
Minister of Energy, Industry and Mineral Resources Khalid al-Falih and Russian counterpart Alexander Novak at the joint press conference (Asharq Al-Awsat / Iqbal Hussein)

Saudi Arabia's King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud stressed his keenness to develop bilateral relations between Riyadh and Moscow, reiterating the need to bolster cooperation between the two countries in the field of energy. This came during the meeting between King Salman and Russian Minister of Energy Alexander Novak.

Minister of Energy, Industry and Mineral Resources Khalid al-Falih said at a press conference with his counterpart Alexander Novak in Riyadh that the leaderships in the Kingdom and the Russian Federation agree on the importance of economic cooperation between the two countries.

Falih disclosed his talks with his Russian counterpart, focusing on investment cooperation between the two countries. He pointed out that the Public Investment Fund and the Russian Direct Investment Fund are working to encourage Saudi investment within Russia and also attract Russian investments to the Kingdom.

"The energy fields in the Kingdom are open to Russian investments, as well as renewable energy. But the biggest and most important field currently being discussed with the Russian side is the investment in nuclear energy and the Nuclear Program of Saudi Arabia," Faleh said.

He pointed out that Russian company Rosatom is participating in the competition that will start in 2018. Two nuclear reactors will be established to produce electricity at a competitive cost in the country using the best technologies and harnessing nuclear energy for peaceful uses in the Kingdom.

Faleh announced that within two months, a Russian delegation will arrive in Saudi Arabia to hold several meetings. He also confirmed that both countries will continue to meet and discuss related matters to lead the world in the energy markets, especially oil sector.

"For the first time in more than 10 years, we see many regions of the world and centers of the economy, whether in developed or developing countries, growing at very healthy rates," he indicated, adding the global growth rate is expected to rise to 4 per cent in 2018, which gives a strong boost to economic growth and the prosperity of the entire global community.

For his part, Russian Energy Minister Alexander Novak indicated that Russia's participation in Riyadh at the World Energy Council, in cooperation with the World Organization for Energy and OPEC, presented an opportunity to meet King Salman.

"We discussed with King Salman the development of relations between the two countries, the development of economic and trade relations and our joint cooperation in coordinating oil and other fields. We have received a good incentive to develop relations between our two countries and economies," said Novak.

The Russian minister added that Riyadh talks discussed all areas of cooperation, and most importantly in the field of oil and energy, indicating that Saudi Aramco will discuss several projects with major Russian oil companies.

Novak also said that the state-owned nuclear company Rosatom had applied for a tender to construct two power plants in Saudi Arabia.

"We also discussed the issue of climate change and signed a joint statement between our two countries. We support the agreement. We believe there is a need to develop technology, use clean technology and hydrocarbons essential for this energy, and we have discussed the development of renewable energy and new technologies," he told the press.

Novak concluded that implementation of agreements between OPEC and other organizations have also been discussed, as well as creating balance in the market. He confirmed the meeting with Saudi Arabia's energy minister in April which will discuss market's situation.



IMF and Arab Monetary Fund Sign MoU to Enhance Cooperation

The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA
The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA
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IMF and Arab Monetary Fund Sign MoU to Enhance Cooperation

The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA
The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Arab Monetary Fund (AMF) signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) on the sidelines of the AlUla Conference on Emerging Market Economies (EME) to enhance cooperation between the two institutions.

The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki, SPA reported.

The agreement aims to strengthen coordination in economic and financial policy areas, including surveillance and lending activities, data and analytical exchange, capacity building, and the provision of technical assistance, in support of regional financial and economic stability.

Both sides affirmed that the MoU represents an important step toward deepening their strategic partnership and strengthening the regional financial safety net, serving member countries and enhancing their ability to address economic challenges.


Saudi Chambers Federation Announces First Saudi-Kuwaiti Business Council

File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT
File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT
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Saudi Chambers Federation Announces First Saudi-Kuwaiti Business Council

File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT
File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT

The Federation of Saudi Chambers announced the formation of the first joint Saudi-Kuwaiti Business Council for its inaugural term (1447–1451 AH) and the election of Salman bin Hassan Al-Oqayel as its chairman.

Al-Oqayel said the council’s formation marks a pivotal milestone in economic relations between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, reflecting a practical approach to enabling the business sectors in both countries to capitalize on promising investment opportunities and strengthen bilateral trade and investment partnerships, SPA reported.

He noted that trade between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait reached approximately SAR9.5 billion by the end of November 2025, including SAR8 billion in Saudi exports and SAR1.5 billion in Kuwaiti imports.


Leading Harvard Trade Economist Says Saudi Arabia Holds Key to Success in Fragmented Global Economy

Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).
Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).
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Leading Harvard Trade Economist Says Saudi Arabia Holds Key to Success in Fragmented Global Economy

Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).
Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).

Harvard University economics professor Pol Antràs said Saudi Arabia represents an exceptional model in the shifting global trade landscape, differing fundamentally from traditional emerging-market frameworks. He also stressed that globalization has not ended but has instead re-formed into what he describes as fragmented integration.

Speaking to Asharq Al-Awsat on the sidelines of the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies, Antràs said Saudi Arabia’s Vision-driven structural reforms position the Kingdom to benefit from the ongoing phase of fragmented integration, adding that the country’s strategic focus on logistics transformation and artificial intelligence constitutes a key engine for sustainable growth that extends beyond the volatility of global crises.

Antràs, the Robert G. Ory Professor of Economics at Harvard University, is one of the leading contemporary theorists of international trade. His research, which reshaped understanding of global value chains, focuses on how firms organize cross-border production and how regulation and technological change influence global trade flows and corporate decision-making.

He said conventional classifications of economies often obscure important structural differences, noting that the term emerging markets groups together countries with widely divergent industrial bases. Economies that depend heavily on manufacturing exports rely critically on market access and trade integration and therefore face stronger competitive pressures from Chinese exports that are increasingly shifting toward alternative markets.

Saudi Arabia, by contrast, exports extensively while facing limited direct competition from China in its primary export commodity, a situation that creates a strategic opportunity. The current environment allows the Kingdom to obtain imports from China at lower cost and access a broader range of goods that previously flowed largely toward the United States market.

Addressing how emerging economies should respond to dumping pressures and rising competition, Antràs said countries should minimize protectionist tendencies and instead position themselves as committed participants in the multilateral trading system, allowing foreign producers to access domestic markets while encouraging domestic firms to expand internationally.

He noted that although Chinese dumping presents concerns for countries with manufacturing sectors that compete directly with Chinese production, the risk is lower for Saudi Arabia because it does not maintain a large manufacturing base that overlaps directly with Chinese exports. Lower-cost imports could benefit Saudi consumers, while targeted policy tools such as credit programs, subsidies, and support for firms seeking to redesign and upgrade business models represent more effective responses than broad protectionist measures.

Globalization has not ended

Antràs said globalization continues but through more complex structures, with trade agreements increasingly negotiated through diverse arrangements rather than relying primarily on multilateral negotiations. Trade deals will continue to be concluded, but they are likely to become more complex, with uncertainty remaining a defining feature of the global trading environment.

Interest rates and artificial intelligence

According to Antràs, high global interest rates, combined with the additional risk premiums faced by emerging markets, are constraining investment, particularly in sectors that require export financing, capital expenditure, and continuous quality upgrading.

However, he noted that elevated interest rates partly reflect expectations of stronger long-term growth driven by artificial intelligence and broader technological transformation.

He also said if those growth expectations materialize, productivity gains could enable small and medium-sized enterprises to forecast demand more accurately and identify previously untapped markets, partially offsetting the negative effects of higher borrowing costs.

Employment concerns and the role of government

The Harvard professor warned that labor markets face a dual challenge stemming from intensified Chinese export competition and accelerating job automation driven by artificial intelligence, developments that could lead to significant disruptions, particularly among younger workers. He said governments must adopt proactive strategies requiring substantial fiscal resources to mitigate near-term labor-market shocks.

According to Antràs, productivity growth remains the central condition for success: if new technologies deliver the anticipated productivity gains, governments will gain the fiscal space needed to compensate affected groups and retrain the workforce, achieving a balance between addressing short-term disruptions and investing in long-term strategic gains.