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Egypt’s Central Bank Cuts Interest Rate, Government Sets Realistic Expectations for EGP

Central Bank of Egypt's headquarters is seen in downtown Cairo. Reuters
Central Bank of Egypt's headquarters is seen in downtown Cairo. Reuters
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Egypt’s Central Bank Cuts Interest Rate, Government Sets Realistic Expectations for EGP

Central Bank of Egypt's headquarters is seen in downtown Cairo. Reuters
Central Bank of Egypt's headquarters is seen in downtown Cairo. Reuters

Egypt’s central bank cut its key interest rates by 100 basis points for the second meeting in a row on Thursday, but the Ministry of Finance announced the same day reducing its expectations of the Egyptian pound (EGP) dollar exchange rate, which analysts describe as realistic.

The central bank raised interest rates by 700 basis points on several steps. But last February, the bank moved to curb interest rates as inflationary pressures subsided.

In a statement issued Thursday evening, the bank stated: “Annual urban consumer price inflation fell to 14.4 percent in February while core inflation, which strips out volatile items like food, fell to 11.9 percent.”

The bank cut its overnight deposit rate to 16.75 percent from 17.75 percent and its overnight lending rate to 17.75 from 18.75 percent, said the statement.

Bloomberg agency reported that the yield on one-year notes fell 12 basis points to 16.559 percent in the government’s debt auction. Returns have dropped by about 160 points since the beginning of the year, as investors priced-in the interest rate cuts.

Bloomberg quoted head of macro analysis at investment bank EFG-Hermes in Cairo Mohamed Abu Basha as saying that yields could dip slightly but not by much, because the market was already expecting the lower rates even before the central bank started the easing cycle last month.

“The fact that the cuts seem to be gradual means that they will not put much pressure on yields,” Abu Basha added.

Egypt is expected to make new increases in the prices of fuel, electricity and public transportation under a plan adopted by the country to liberalize the energy support system and rebuild social policies.

Meanwhile, Egypt’s Prime Minister Sherif Ismail told reporters on Thursday the new budget set the price of petroleum at $67 per barrel and the US dollar exchange rate at EGP 17.25.

This means a reduction in the government's assessment of the value of the EGP against the dollar, where in previous budgets, the US dollar was valued at 16 EGP. It also means the government increased its forecasts for oil prices, which was estimated in the budget 2017-2018 at $55 per barrel.

Senior economist at regional investment bank Arqaam Capital, Reham el-Desoki told Asharq Al-Awsat that this is not a devaluation of the EGP, but the expectations in the current budget are not realistic.

Desoski expects a relative stability of the local currency in the next two and a half years, unless surprised with unexpected jump in tourism revenues.

Ismail indicated that total investments according to the new plan are estimated at EGP 942.2 billion, an increase of about 46 percent compared with last year's figures.

Later, Finance Minister Amr al-Garhy said the budget of next fiscal year is valued at EGP 1.412 trillion.

During a television interview, Garhy said that the total budget deficit of GDP is 8.4 percent, compared with current year’s deficit between 9.6 and 9.8 percent.

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Business

Africa Leads Growth in Solar Energy as Demand Spreads Beyond Traditional Markets, Report Says 

Solar panels are seen on the roof of a company in Nairobi, Kenya, on Sept. 1, 2023. (AP)
Solar panels are seen on the roof of a company in Nairobi, Kenya, on Sept. 1, 2023. (AP)
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Africa Leads Growth in Solar Energy as Demand Spreads Beyond Traditional Markets, Report Says 

Solar panels are seen on the roof of a company in Nairobi, Kenya, on Sept. 1, 2023. (AP)
Solar panels are seen on the roof of a company in Nairobi, Kenya, on Sept. 1, 2023. (AP)

Africa was the world’s fastest-growing solar market in 2025, defying a global slowdown and reshaping where the momentum in renewable energy is concentrated, according to an industry report released in late last month.

The report by the Africa Solar Industry Association says the continent's solar installed capacity expanded 17% in 2025, boosted by imports of Chinese-made solar panels. Global solar power capacity rose 23% in 2025 to 618 GW, slowing from a 44% increase in 2024.

“Chinese companies are the main drivers in Africa’s green transition,” said Cynthia Angweya-Muhati, acting CEO of the Kenya Renewable Energy Association. “They are aggressively investing in and building robust supply chains in Africa green energy ecosystem.”

Some of that capacity has yet to be rolled out. Africa has only 23.4 gigawatts peak (GWp) of working solar capacity even though nearly 64 GWp of solar equipment has been shipped to the continent since 2017. A gigawatt peak represents 1 billion watts of maximum, optimum power output under ideal conditions.

“Africa's growth is driven by changing policies and enabling conditions in a number of countries,” said John Van Zuylen, CEO of the Africa Solar Industry Association.

“Solar energy has moved beyond a handful of early adopters to become a broader continental priority,” he said recently on the sidelines of the Inter Solar Africa summit in Nairobi. “What we are seeing is not temporary. It is policies aligning with market dynamics.”

Historically, South Africa dominated solar imports in Africa, at one point accounting for roughly half of all panels shipped to the continent. The latest data show its share has slipped below a third as demand surged elsewhere. Last year, 20 African nations set new annual records for solar imports, as 25 countries imported a total of at least 100 megawatts of capacity.

Nigeria has overtaken Egypt as Africa's second-largest importer as solar energy and battery storage provide a practical and affordable alternative to diesel generators and unreliable grid power. In Algeria, solar imports soared more than 30-fold year-on-year. Imports also surged in Zambia and Botswana.

At least 23 African countries, including South Africa, Tunisia, Kenya, Chad and the Central African Republic, are now generating over 5% of their electricity from solar energy, the report said.

Prices have fallen both for solar panels and batteries, mostly from China, enabling households and businesses to rely on solar plus batteries for round-the-clock electricity, the report said. Battery storage costs in Africa fell to $112 per kilowatt-hour in 2025 from an average of $144 per kilowatt-hour in 2023 as improved technology made storage systems more flexible and longer lasting.

“This ever-decreasing price of storage has game-changing implications for Africa, which has a dire need for stable and baseload power,” said Van Zuyken.

The gradual removal of diesel subsidies in Nigeria in the past two years also has helped accelerate adoption of solar energy. The policy was implemented sector by sector to cushion its impact, making diesel increasingly expensive and nudging businesses and households toward solar. In September, Nigeria announced plans for a 1 GW solar panel factory, the largest in West Africa. Similar facilities are under construction in Egypt, South Africa and Ethiopia.

As Africa moves to build its own manufacturing capacity, the industry is looking to China to transfer knowhow to help alleviate Africa’s dependence on imported equipment and technology.

Jobs won't be confined to manufacturing.

“The solar jobs boom is occurring in services including installation, maintenance, distribution and financing, where thousands of small and medium enterprises are emerging to meet rising demand,” Van Zuylen said.

Unlike regions such as the Middle East, where governments publish clear 10 or 20-year energy roadmaps, many African markets lack consistent policy signals. So, uncertainty over policies remains a challenge. Solar firms operating across Africa say unpredictable tax regimes, shifting import duties and unclear long-term energy plans undermine investor confidence.

“The problem is not the opportunity. It’s visibility,” said Amos Wemanya, senior analyst on renewable energy at Powershift Africa. “If a government announces a plan, companies need to trust that it will remain in place.”

Business

US Reaches Trade Deal to Lower Taiwan's Tariff Barriers

Containers stacked at the port of Keelung in northern Taiwan (Reuters file photo)
Containers stacked at the port of Keelung in northern Taiwan (Reuters file photo)
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US Reaches Trade Deal to Lower Taiwan's Tariff Barriers

Containers stacked at the port of Keelung in northern Taiwan (Reuters file photo)
Containers stacked at the port of Keelung in northern Taiwan (Reuters file photo)

The Trump administration reached a trade deal with Taiwan on Thursday, with Taiwan agreeing to remove or reduce 99% of its tariff barriers, the office of the US Trade Representative said.

The agreement comes as the US remains reliant on Taiwan for its production of computer chips, the exporting of which contributed to a trade imbalance of nearly $127 billion during the first 11 months of 2025, according to the Census Bureau.

Most of Taiwan’s exports to the US will be taxed at a 15% rate, the USTR's office said. The 15% rate is the same as that levied on other US trading partners in the Asia-Pacific region, such as Japan and South Korea.

Trade Representative Jamieson Greer and Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick attended the signing of the reciprocal agreement, which occurred under the auspices of the American Institute in Taiwan and the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in the United States. Taiwan’s Vice Premier Li-chiun Cheng and its government minister Jen-ni Yang also attended the signing.

“President Trump’s leadership in the Asia-Pacific region continues to generate prosperous trade ties for the United States with important partners across Asia, while further advancing the economic and national security interests of the American people,” The Associated Press quoted Greer as saying in a statement.

The Taiwanese government said in a statement that the tariff rate set in the agreement allows its companies to compete on a level field with Japan, South Korea and the European Union. It also said the agreement “eliminated” the disadvantage from a lack of a free trade agreement between Taiwan and the US.

The deal comes ahead of President Donald Trump’s planned visit to China in April and suggests a deepening economic relationship between the US and Taiwan.

Cheng said Taiwan hopes the agreement will make it a strategic partner with the US “so as to jointly consolidate the democratic camp’s leading position in high technology.”

The agreement would make it easier for the US to sell autos, pharmaceutical drugs and food products in Taiwan. But the critical component might be that Taiwanese companies would invest in the production of computer chips in the US, possibly helping to ease the trade imbalance.

In a separate but related deal, Taiwan will make investments of $250 billion in US industries, such as computer chips, artificial intelligence applications and energy. The Taiwanese government says it will provide up to an additional $250 billion in credit guarantees to help smaller businesses invest in the US.

The investments helped enable the US to reduce its planned tariffs from as much as 32% initially to 15%.

Taiwan's government said it will submit the reciprocal trade deal and investment plans to its legislature for approval.

In Taipei, President Lai Ching-te told reporters that Taiwan had agreed to reduce tariffs on imports from the US but stressed that the rate on 93 items would remain unchanged to protect important agriculture and industrial sectors such as rice farming.

The US side said the deal with Taiwan would help create several “world-class” industrial parks in America in order to help build up domestic manufacturing of advanced technologies such as chips. The Commerce Department in January described it as “a historic trade deal that will drive a massive reshoring of America’s semiconductor sector.”

In return, the US would give preferential treatment to Taiwan regarding the possible tariffs stemming from a Section 232 investigation of the importing of computer chips and semiconductor manufacturing equipment.

Business

Saudi Industry Minister Discusses Localization of Medical Device Manufacturing with Global Firms in Belgium

Saudi Minister of Industry and Mineral Resources Bandar Alkhorayef (center) during one of his meetings in Brussels on Thursday. (SPA)
Saudi Minister of Industry and Mineral Resources Bandar Alkhorayef (center) during one of his meetings in Brussels on Thursday. (SPA)
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Saudi Industry Minister Discusses Localization of Medical Device Manufacturing with Global Firms in Belgium

Saudi Minister of Industry and Mineral Resources Bandar Alkhorayef (center) during one of his meetings in Brussels on Thursday. (SPA)
Saudi Minister of Industry and Mineral Resources Bandar Alkhorayef (center) during one of his meetings in Brussels on Thursday. (SPA)

Saudi Minister of Industry and Mineral Resources Bandar Alkhorayef held talks in Brussels on Thursday with Pfizer Global President of Emerging Markets Nick Lagunowich and a number of the company’s leaders to discuss ways to boost industrial cooperation and explore opportunities to localize pharmaceutical and vaccine manufacturing in Saudi Arabia.

The meeting addressed areas of cooperation, the exchange of expertise, and the transfer of advanced technologies for the manufacturing of vaccines and biopharmaceuticals to the Kingdom, as well as boosting integration into pharmaceutical supply chains and developing joint investments in high-quality projects that support the Kingdom’s drug security objectives.

Alkhorayef toured Pfizer’s manufacturing units in Brussels, where he was briefed on the company’s operations, key investments, and operational tracks in the pharmaceutical and vaccine industry. Factory officials highlighted its pivotal role in producing vaccines and biopharmaceuticals globally and stressed their interest in transferring similar technologies to the planned factory in the Kingdom.

Alkhorayef also met with the president of Agfa HealthCare to discuss opportunities for cooperation in the manufacturing of medical devices and advanced industrial solutions.

He toured the company’s industrial facilities, reviewing its efforts to develop medical device solutions, digital health data management systems, and the latest radiology technologies, as well as its capabilities in producing specialty chemicals and green hydrogen membranes.

These meetings and field visits are part of the Alkhorayef’s official visit to Belgium and aim to bolster economic partnerships, attract high-quality investments, and transfer advanced technologies in the pharmaceutical and medical industries in line with the objectives of the National Industrial Strategy and Saudi Vision 2030.