Sudan’s Ex-Foreign Minister Mansour Khalid Dies

Former Sudanese foreign minister Mansour Khalid.
Former Sudanese foreign minister Mansour Khalid.
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Sudan’s Ex-Foreign Minister Mansour Khalid Dies

Former Sudanese foreign minister Mansour Khalid.
Former Sudanese foreign minister Mansour Khalid.

Sudan’s prominent intellectual, veteran politician and former foreign minister Mansour Khalid died at age 89 in one of Khartoum’s hospitals, leaving behind a long and rich legacy.

Khalid was a published author with books, written both in English and Arabic, focused on Sudan’s political spectrum, which he was famous for sharply criticizing. In one of his books, “The Sudanese political elite and the addiction of failure,” he discussed deeply the failures of the political ruling class in post-1956 Sudan.

He was raised by a Sufi family in the city of Omdurman, where he was born in 1931.

A fierce intellectual, Khalid received a Bachelor of Laws degree in 1957. It was followed by a Master of Laws from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania three years later. Khalid earned a Doctor of Philosophy degree from the University of Paris in a couple of years.

At the University of Colorado, Khalid lectured on international law, comparative law and the law of international aid.

Khalid’s literary talent shined bright since his school days. He soon drew attention to his excellence in research and investigation, the accuracy of analysis, and his high writing and language integrity capabilities.

He worked as an independent press correspondent for a number of dailies, then as a reporter for AFP from Khartoum.

After his graduation, he practiced law in the office of the late lawyer and politician Farouk Abu Issa, and after that he moved to work as a secretary in the office of former Prime Minister Abdullah Khalil.

Khalid served as the minister of youth and social affairs at the government of Sudan. In the early 1970s, President Jaafar Nimeri appointed Khalid as Foreign Minister.

Khalid stirred a lot of political, intellectual and cultural controversy, especially after deciding to join the 1969 seizure of power under Nimeri.

Khalid also set up a long collaboration with the United Nations, first as a law officer at its New York City secretariat. More so, Khalid achieved a transfer to Paris where he worked with UNESCO as an officer responsible for Arab states in the bureau of relations with member states for four years.

In the 1980s, Khalid shared close ties with the late South Sudan politician John Garang.

Khalid became close to Garang, which made him contribute to theorizing the idea of the "New Sudan", a political project that the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) was proposing to end the ongoing war and political turmoil.

Khalid had joined the SPLM which had been fighting against the rule of now ousted President Omar al-Bashir, before signing peace agreement in 2005, that later led to the separation of the South from the North in 2011.



Algerian Parliament Approves Death Penalty for Arson, Child Abduction

Lawmakers vote on a bill to amend the penal code. (Algerian Parliament)
Lawmakers vote on a bill to amend the penal code. (Algerian Parliament)
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Algerian Parliament Approves Death Penalty for Arson, Child Abduction

Lawmakers vote on a bill to amend the penal code. (Algerian Parliament)
Lawmakers vote on a bill to amend the penal code. (Algerian Parliament)

Algeria’s National People’s Assembly approved a bill on Thursday expanding the death penalty for arson and crimes against children, drawing opposition warnings about the irreversible consequences of judicial error.

The amendments to the penal code, passed by a large majority, provide for capital punishment for deliberately setting fire to forests and property, and for child abductions followed by murder or brutal abuse.

The measures aim to strengthen legal deterrence and protect society.

The government secured passage with support from lawmakers in the “presidential majority” — parties that back President Abdelmadjid Tebboune’s policies: the National Liberation Front, the Democratic National Rally, the Future Front and the National Construction Movement.

Islamist lawmakers from the Movement of Society for Peace, the Ennahda Movement and the Justice and Development Front also backed the bill on religious grounds, despite being in opposition.

Lawmakers from the Workers’ Party, the Socialist Forces Front and the Rally for Culture and Democracy voted against it. Their small numbers gave them little sway over the outcome.

Justice Minister Lotfi Boudjemaa attended the vote after presenting the bill to the assembly last Monday.

Tougher penalties, renewed debate

The bill, which has stirred considerable controversy in Algeria, contains eight articles, including new provisions on arson, attacks on property and child abduction.

Among the toughest is Article 395 bis, which prescribes the death penalty for “anyone who deliberately sets fire to forests, scrubland, fields, whether cultivated or uncultivated, trees or sections of forest.”

It also covers timber stored in piles or bundles within forest areas.

Article 396 bis 1 extends capital punishment to “the deliberate burning of any property, public or private” when committed “for the benefit of a foreign state or foreign entity, in connection with treason, collusion with the enemy or membership in an organized criminal group.”

Article 396 bis 2 targets anyone who “incites, encourages, finances, organizes or facilitates these acts,” including acts committed or incited through social media.

For crimes against children, Article 291 prescribes the death penalty for “anyone who abducts a child, tortures a child, sexually assaults a child or amputates one of a child’s limbs,” notwithstanding any conflicting penalty under existing legislation.

Those convicted of any of these crimes cannot benefit from mitigating circumstances, further tightening the penalties.

The government proposed the amendments in direct response to devastating fires that swept through parts of eastern Algeria this summer, killing dozens of people. The killing of children after their abduction has also become alarmingly more prevalent in recent years.

“Justice should not respond to death with death”

The opposition warned that the law could turn the judiciary into “an instrument of revenge,” instead of protecting victims’ rights and helping them secure redress while safeguarding defendants’ rights and guaranteeing a fair trial.

“We believe that true justice should not respond to death with death,” said Mohammed Abdoussi, a lawmaker from the Rally for Culture and Democracy.

“No one has the right to take another person’s life, and the state and the judiciary are no exception to this principle,” he told parliament in remarks reported by the media.

“Our position on the death penalty is therefore clear and rooted in principle, and we have expressed it on many occasions.”

He said his parliamentary group had proposed abolishing the death penalty and replacing it with life imprisonment in 2008.

During debate on the bill, the group raised the tragedy of the 2021 fires in Kabylie and the killing of Djamel Ben Ismail, who was brutally attacked after local residents wrongly accused him of starting the fires.

“Following this crime, 48 people were sentenced to death, before the number of death sentences was reduced to 38 on appeal,” Abdoussi said.

“This raises a crucial question: Had the initial sentences been carried out, 10 additional people could have lost their lives on the basis of rulings that were subsequently changed.”

“This example demonstrates the danger of a punishment that cannot be reversed once carried out,” he added. “Human justice, however accurate, remains susceptible to error, while a death sentence cannot be corrected after it has been carried out.”


Syria, Hezbollah Exchange Messages to Ease Security Tensions through Turkish Mediation

Hezbollah supporters carry Lebanese and Hezbollah flags during a commemoration marking the second anniversary of the assassination of the group’s former secretary-general, Hassan Nasrallah (EPA)
Hezbollah supporters carry Lebanese and Hezbollah flags during a commemoration marking the second anniversary of the assassination of the group’s former secretary-general, Hassan Nasrallah (EPA)
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Syria, Hezbollah Exchange Messages to Ease Security Tensions through Turkish Mediation

Hezbollah supporters carry Lebanese and Hezbollah flags during a commemoration marking the second anniversary of the assassination of the group’s former secretary-general, Hassan Nasrallah (EPA)
Hezbollah supporters carry Lebanese and Hezbollah flags during a commemoration marking the second anniversary of the assassination of the group’s former secretary-general, Hassan Nasrallah (EPA)

Security issues dominated secret Turkish-mediated talks between Hezbollah and Syria, during which the two sides exchanged messages aimed at easing tensions.

Hezbollah offered assurances that it would stay out of Syria’s security and military affairs and refrain from supporting groups affiliated with the former government, in return for a Syrian pledge not to intervene militarily in Lebanon as part of any plan to disarm the group there.

Reuters cited six sources familiar with the matter as saying representatives of the Syrian government and Lebanon’s Hezbollah held direct talks in Türkiye in an effort to ease tensions.

It described the meeting as the first known encounter of its kind between the two longtime adversaries.

While Hezbollah has kept silent on the matter, Lebanese sources familiar with the group’s activities told Asharq Al-Awsat that this was the second meeting.

An initial encounter to “break the ice” took place in Istanbul on the sidelines of the “Pledge for Jerusalem Conference,” hosted by Türkiye last December.

Hezbollah’s delegation was led by Ammar al-Moussawi, the group’s official responsible for Arab and international relations.

“Türkiye is continuing to mediate between the two sides, and contacts through Türkiye intensified after US President Donald Trump’s threats that Damascus could carry out the task of disarming Hezbollah,” the sources said, referring to remarks in which he said Syrian President Ahmed al-Sharaa could accomplish the task.

The sources said the second meeting, reported by Reuters, took place in Türkiye during the first 10 days of September. No Hezbollah security or military officials attended, they added.

The two meetings “do not amount to negotiations or understandings, but fall within the framework of messages exchanged between the two sides through Turkish mediation,” the sources said.

Security priorities

Security issues top both sides’ priorities amid concerns, including Syrian fears that Hezbollah could support remnants of the former government or seek to reactivate the southern Syrian front against Israel.

Hezbollah has repeatedly denied in statements that it intervenes in Syrian affairs or supports any groups in southern Syria.

The sources said Türkiye “worked to address the fears previously raised by President Trump’s remarks about Syrian intervention inside Lebanon against Hezbollah, and provided assurances of no interference whatsoever in Lebanese affairs, in return for assurances from Hezbollah that it would stay entirely out of the Syrian arena, refrain from obstructing security measures along the border with Lebanon, and pledge not to provide support of any kind to groups affiliated with the former government.”

They said Hezbollah “publicly affirms that it is staying entirely out of the Syrian arena and is not intervening there in any way, maintaining its focus on Lebanon.”

Effort to ease tensions

Those accounts align with what Reuters reported from its sources, who included two Syrian officials, a US official and a senior Lebanese security source close to Hezbollah.

The six sources said the meeting took place last month at the invitation of Türkiye’s security and intelligence services in an effort to reduce tensions.

It brought together Hezbollah representatives and officials from Syria’s intelligence services and Foreign Ministry.

The Syrian Foreign Ministry, Türkiye’s foreign and defense ministries, and the US State Department did not respond to Reuters’ questions about the meeting. Hezbollah’s media office declined to comment.

Both Hezbollah and the Syrian government had signaled openness to talks.

Syrian Foreign Minister Asaad al-Shibani said in July that Damascus was open to meeting the group. A month later, Hezbollah Secretary-General Naim Qassem said in a televised address that the group had no objection to meeting Syria’s leadership.

Resolving points of tension

The US official, the two Syrian officials and the Lebanese source said the meeting focused on resolving points of tension between the two sides and went well.

One Syrian official said the two sides agreed there was no hostility between them, and Syria assured Hezbollah it would not intervene militarily in Lebanon to disarm the group.

The official said Syrian representatives, in turn, asked Hezbollah to help halt cross-border smuggling attempts and dismantle its remaining sleeper cells, particularly in southern Syria.

According to Reuters, the Syrian official said Hezbollah’s representatives did not directly respond to the request to halt arms smuggling and dismantle its cells in Syria, but pledged not to interfere in Syrian affairs.

The Lebanese source, who had direct knowledge of the meeting and its outcome, said the two sides “made significant progress on security issues.”

“Hezbollah wants to protect its rear,” the source said, referring to fears of a Syrian attack on the group inside Lebanon.

Both the Syrian official and the Lebanese source said no final agreement was reached and there was no plan to issue an announcement. The Lebanese source said contacts between the two sides through Türkiye began about two months ago.

Iran absent from meeting

Three of the sources said Türkiye, a key ally of Syrian President Ahmed al-Sharaa, pushed for the meeting because it wanted to be directly involved in those efforts. Iran, Hezbollah’s main backer, was absent from the meetings.

The Lebanese security source said Hezbollah attended with Iran’s knowledge, but Tehran was disappointed that it was not directly involved and that Sharaa has so far rejected the idea of establishing any direct relations with it.

That disappointment was the main reason no final agreement was reached and no announcement was made about the meeting, the source said.


Egypt Warns of Israeli Attempts to Impose New Reality at Al-Aqsa Mosque

Egypt stressed the need to preserve the historical and legal status of Jerusalem’s holy sites and protect Al-Aqsa Mosque’s religious standing (Reuters)
Egypt stressed the need to preserve the historical and legal status of Jerusalem’s holy sites and protect Al-Aqsa Mosque’s religious standing (Reuters)
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Egypt Warns of Israeli Attempts to Impose New Reality at Al-Aqsa Mosque

Egypt stressed the need to preserve the historical and legal status of Jerusalem’s holy sites and protect Al-Aqsa Mosque’s religious standing (Reuters)
Egypt stressed the need to preserve the historical and legal status of Jerusalem’s holy sites and protect Al-Aqsa Mosque’s religious standing (Reuters)

Egypt warned that repeated Israeli incursions into Al-Aqsa Mosque “aim to change the status quo and impose a new reality within the holy site.”

In a Foreign Ministry statement on Thursday, Egypt condemned the entry of hundreds of Israeli settlers into the mosque and the accompanying provocative acts and religious rituals in its courtyards, saying they violated its historical and legal status quo.

Egypt stressed the need to preserve the historical and legal status of Jerusalem’s holy sites and protect Al-Aqsa Mosque’s religious standing.

It said maintaining existing arrangements governing the holy sites was crucial to preventing escalation, warning that repeated violations were fueling tensions.

Cairo said “these practices are part of a systematic policy that evades all forms of deterrence or accountability,” warning of consequences for security and stability in the occupied Palestinian territories and across the region.

The Arab League on Thursday condemned the entry of more than 1,300 Israeli settlers into Al-Aqsa Mosque on the fifth day of the Jewish holiday of Sukkot.

It also condemned the accompanying public religious rituals and prayers in the mosque’s courtyards under Israeli police protection, as well as restrictions on Palestinian worshippers and obstruction of their access.

It said: “The growing scale and frequency of these incursions, and the accompanying attempts to impose religious rituals inside the mosque, constitute a flagrant assault on its sanctity and a systematic effort to change its historical and legal status quo, imposing facts on the ground that pave the way for dividing it by time and space.”