China's Young Jobseekers Struggle Despite Economic Recovery

A jobseeker takes a break at a recruitment fair in Zhengzhou, China. (AFP)
A jobseeker takes a break at a recruitment fair in Zhengzhou, China. (AFP)
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China's Young Jobseekers Struggle Despite Economic Recovery

A jobseeker takes a break at a recruitment fair in Zhengzhou, China. (AFP)
A jobseeker takes a break at a recruitment fair in Zhengzhou, China. (AFP)

Biology student Ma Jingjing wandered the hall of a job fair in central China among other young Chinese hoping to find work in an economy crushed by the coronavirus pandemic.

Ma, 26, is one of almost nine million people graduating and entering the job market this year at a time of great uncertainty, an issue that has the ruling Communist Party worried to the point that President Xi Jinping has made it a priority.

The world's second-largest economy may have rebounded sharply from a historic virus-induced contraction, but its young graduate jobless rate in June was more than three times that for urban unemployment.

Ma was among hundreds of young faces streaming in and out of the job fair on a recent weekend in Zhengzhou, where employers in industries ranging from real estate to manufacturing were recruiting.

Like many others, the aspiring teacher is "at a loss" and wondering if she should settle for any job or hold off work for further education.

"I have applied to seven or eight private schools, but only one has called me back for an interview," she told AFP at the fair.

"I've studied for so many years and don't want my family to pay for further training," she said.

"I'm especially worried about my finances."

Aware of the risk that mass unemployment can spark political unrest -- jeopardizing the party's pledge of prosperity in return for unquestioned political power -- the government has been making efforts to boost graduate employment via state-owned enterprises (SOEs).

But poorer opportunities this year are pushing some into further studies, less ideal jobs or other options.

'Extremely anxious'

Although China's economy appeared to make a strong comeback in the second quarter -- growing 3.2 percent on-year -- analysts caution the rebound may be overestimated, with a gap re-emerging between national figures and higher-frequency data.

Louis Kuijs of Oxford Economics told AFP there is no doubt China is recovering, but the magnitude would determine if growth is "strong enough to re-absorb some of the labor market problems" that emerged earlier this year, such as layoffs.

A gap in growth of a few percentage points could lead to a difference of millions of jobs created, he added.

Although China's urban unemployment rate slipped to 5.7 percent in June, 19.3 percent of new graduates remained jobless, UOB economists said in a report, adding the labor market "continued to face challenges".

Top-level economic data has not necessarily meant better hiring on the ground.

A 27-year-old surnamed Kang, who graduated in 2017, is back in the market after his contract in the communications industry in Beijing ended.

He decided to return to Zhengzhou, but has only received around five callbacks after sending more than 30 resumes to firms -- and is still looking for a job.

"The virus outbreak has limited travel and a lot of job fairs have been postponed or cancelled," he said. "I'm extremely anxious."

Lu Yifan, 25, said the pandemic had caused many overseas Chinese students like him to return home sooner than planned -- adding to the flood of jobseekers.

And Guangdong graduate Zhao Jingying, 22, told AFP: "For us (this year), getting a single job offer is a feat."

Another, Beijing-based Huo Ruixi, 23, left university in July but is planning a second round of further education after an unsuccessful five-month job search.

'Pressures are larger'

The crisis is also causing problems for employers.

Yang Changwei, manager at Deyou Real Estate, told AFP at the Zhengzhou fair it was getting harder to hire sales staff based on commission.

"It feels like jobseekers' mindsets have shifted," he said.

"In sales, you may or may not make deals but with other jobs there can be more stability in income. Because of the epidemic, financial pressures are larger as well."

Officials are ramping up efforts to boost graduate employment, and Premier Li Keqiang announced over nine million new roles will be created this year.

A State Council guideline in March said smaller firms that recruit graduates with contracts longer than a year will be given a subsidy, while SOEs will "continuously expand" the scale of graduate-hiring this year and next.

Henan authorities, for one, said at least half the recruitment positions at SOEs within the province should be reserved for this year's graduates, while Nanjing city in Jiangsu province set aside one billion yuan ($143 million) to provide 100,000 internships for struggling graduates, Xinhua news agency reported.



Iraq Says Kurdish Authorities Refusing to Let It Send Oil Through Their Pipeline

A truck drives at the Iraq-Iran border crossing of Bashmagh near Sulaimaniyah in Iraq's autonomous Kurdistan region on March 11, 2026. (AFP)
A truck drives at the Iraq-Iran border crossing of Bashmagh near Sulaimaniyah in Iraq's autonomous Kurdistan region on March 11, 2026. (AFP)
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Iraq Says Kurdish Authorities Refusing to Let It Send Oil Through Their Pipeline

A truck drives at the Iraq-Iran border crossing of Bashmagh near Sulaimaniyah in Iraq's autonomous Kurdistan region on March 11, 2026. (AFP)
A truck drives at the Iraq-Iran border crossing of Bashmagh near Sulaimaniyah in Iraq's autonomous Kurdistan region on March 11, 2026. (AFP)

Iraq’s oil ministry said the Kurdistan Regional Government had refused to let it use a pipeline as an alternative route for crude flows disrupted by the Iran conflict, accusing authorities there of putting up irrelevant conditions.

A senior Kurdish government official told Reuters authorities there would be happy for the Iraqi government to use the pipeline, but said Baghdad first needed to lift what he called a "dollar ‌embargo" on the ‌region.

"We want a deal. We ‌want ⁠to help Iraq ⁠and bring relief to the markets, but this embargo must end first," the official said.

Oil production from Iraq's main southern oilfields, where most of its crude is produced and exported, has plunged 70% to just 1.3 million bpd, sources told Reuters on March 8, ⁠as the Iran conflict effectively shut off ‌the vital Strait of ‌Hormuz.

Iraq's oil ministry sent a letter in early March to ‌the Kurdistan Regional Government seeking permission to pump ‌at least 100,000 barrels per day of crude from Kirkuk oilfields through the Kurdistan pipeline network to Türkiye's Ceyhan energy hub, two oil officials told Reuters last week.

The Kurdish official ‌said they had been pressing for an end to what he said was ⁠a bar ⁠on the region's banks accessing dollars for goods imported through its borders and airports.

Kurdish officials say tensions with Baghdad have risen after the federal government moved to implement a new electronic customs system, allowing it to monitor imports and revenues, a step the KRG sees as undermining its autonomy and control over trade.

Iraq's oil ministry said the Kurdistan Regional Government's Ministry of Natural Resources had "set a number of conditions unrelated to the issue of crude oil exports."


Over 400 Million Barrels of Emergency Oil Reserves to Flow to Global Markets Soon, IEA Says

 A woman holds a fuel pump as she fills her car tank at a gas station in the Manhattan borough of New York City on March 14, 2026. (AFP)
A woman holds a fuel pump as she fills her car tank at a gas station in the Manhattan borough of New York City on March 14, 2026. (AFP)
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Over 400 Million Barrels of Emergency Oil Reserves to Flow to Global Markets Soon, IEA Says

 A woman holds a fuel pump as she fills her car tank at a gas station in the Manhattan borough of New York City on March 14, 2026. (AFP)
A woman holds a fuel pump as she fills her car tank at a gas station in the Manhattan borough of New York City on March 14, 2026. (AFP)

Oil from the International Energy Agency emergency reserves will begin flowing to global markets soon, with member countries pledging to make available 411.9 million barrels, ‌the agency ‌said in ‌a ⁠statement on Sunday.

Governments have ⁠committed to make available 271.7 million barrels of oil from government stocks, 116.6 million ⁠barrels from obligated industry ‌stocks ‌and 23.6 million barrels ‌from other sources, the ‌statement said.

It added that 72% of planned releases are in ‌the form of crude oil and 28% ⁠are ⁠oil products.

Stocks from Asia Oceania countries will be available immediately and stocks from Europe and the Americas will be available at the end of March.


Saudi Economy Accelerates as Diversification and Legal Reforms Drive Growth

Quality of life represents a strategic national priority in Saudi Arabia (SPA). 
Quality of life represents a strategic national priority in Saudi Arabia (SPA). 
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Saudi Economy Accelerates as Diversification and Legal Reforms Drive Growth

Quality of life represents a strategic national priority in Saudi Arabia (SPA). 
Quality of life represents a strategic national priority in Saudi Arabia (SPA). 

Saudi Arabia’s economy has undergone nearly a decade of transformation under Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, as sweeping reforms and diversification efforts reshape the country’s economic landscape.

Since the launch of Saudi Vision 2030 in April 2016, the Kingdom has embarked on its most significant economic shift in decades. The transformation has extended far beyond fiscal adjustments or limited diversification programs, evolving instead into a broad structural reform aimed at reducing reliance on oil and building a more diverse and dynamic economy.

Economic indicators suggest the strategy is gaining traction. Saudi Arabia’s gross domestic product (GDP) rose from about SAR 2.6 trillion in 2016 to nearly SAR 4.7 trillion in recent years, roughly $1.3 trillion, according to the latest official figures. That represents an average cumulative annual growth rate of about 8 percent, placing the Kingdom among the fastest-growing major economies globally during this period.

The shift reflects Vision 2030’s broader strategy to expand non-oil industries and widen the country’s production base beyond hydrocarbons.

 

Faisal Al-Fadhel, a legal expert in economic legislation and a member of the board of trustees of the Riyadh Economic Forum, said the reforms launched under Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman have introduced a more diversified and sustainable economic model.

“Saudi Arabia has moved toward reducing its dependence on oil while expanding promising sectors such as tourism, technology, logistics and advanced industries,” Al-Fadhel told Asharq Al-Awsat. “This approach enhances the resilience of the national economy and increases the attractiveness of the Saudi market for both domestic and foreign investors.”

Recent economic indicators support that assessment. Non-oil activities have recorded strong growth, the private sector’s contribution to GDP has expanded, and foreign direct investment inflows have increased. At the same time, Saudi Arabia has improved its standing in global competitiveness indicators, reinforcing its ambitions to become a regional hub for business and investment.

Al-Fadhel noted that the transformation has also been supported by a broad legislative reform agenda designed to modernize the regulatory environment. Key economic and commercial laws — including the Companies Law, Investment Law, and Bankruptcy Law — have been updated, alongside regulations related to corporate governance, investor protection and competition. The reforms aim to improve transparency, regulatory certainty and the efficiency of the investment environment.

Non-Oil Sectors Lead Growth

One of the most visible outcomes of the economic shift is the rising contribution of non-oil sectors, which now account for 56 percent of GDP. Data show that non-oil activities were the primary driver of real economic growth in 2025.

Saudi Arabia ended 2025 with its strongest growth in two years, with GDP expanding 4.5 percent, according to estimates by the General Authority for Statistics (GASTAT). The economy grew 5 percent in the fourth quarter, with all major sectors contributing to the expansion compared with 2024.

Labor Market Changes

The Saudi labor market has also seen notable shifts. Unemployment among Saudi nationals has declined, while female participation in the workforce has reached record levels following a series of labor and regulatory reforms.

More than 2.48 million Saudis have joined the private sector in recent years, reflecting the impact of job localization policies. Economic transformation programs have also generated roughly 800,000 new jobs, with strong growth in engineering professions.

Employment opportunities have expanded particularly in tourism, supported by major entertainment and tourism projects, as well as in the pharmaceutical and medical manufacturing industries, where job numbers have doubled.

Investment at the Center

Investment has become a central pillar of the Kingdom’s economic strategy. Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman has positioned both domestic and foreign investment as key drivers of growth and diversification.

The government established the Ministry of Investment and launched the National Investment Strategy as a comprehensive framework to boost capital formation. Total investment — measured by fixed capital formation — has risen from about SAR 672 billion in 2017 to roughly SAR 1.44 trillion by the end of 2024, more than doubling in less than a decade.

Al-Fadhel emphasized that the private sector is a critical partner in achieving Vision 2030 goals through expanded investment, technological adoption, innovation, and entrepreneurship.

Public Investment Fund Expands Role

The Public Investment Fund (PIF) has emerged as a central instrument of the transformation. With assets estimated at SAR 3.47 trillion, it has become one of the world’s largest sovereign wealth funds.

PIF is leading major investments in tourism, renewable energy, industry, technology and entertainment while launching large-scale development projects designed to create new industries and strengthen Saudi Arabia’s position as a global economic hub.