Scientists Find First Evidence on Dental Surgeries in Ancient Egypt

Archaeologists remove the cover of an intact sarcophagus inside a tomb in Luxor, Egypt. Reuters file photo
Archaeologists remove the cover of an intact sarcophagus inside a tomb in Luxor, Egypt. Reuters file photo
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Scientists Find First Evidence on Dental Surgeries in Ancient Egypt

Archaeologists remove the cover of an intact sarcophagus inside a tomb in Luxor, Egypt. Reuters file photo
Archaeologists remove the cover of an intact sarcophagus inside a tomb in Luxor, Egypt. Reuters file photo

A virtual autopsy of the Osirmose's mummy, the doorkeeper of the Temple of Re, revealed several medical interventions in the mouth area that likely took place throughout the life of Osirmose.

This is the first evidence on the use of oral surgeries in Ancient Egypt. The studied mummy belongs to the Royal Museum of Art and History in Belgium.

Osirmose lived during the 25th dynasty, and was a member of a prominent family of Thebes' priests. His mummy was among the memorabilia of the Swedish Antiquarian Giovanni Anastasi, and was sold after his death at an auction to a Belgian antiquities collector, and then to the Royal Museum of Art and History in Belgium.

During the study, published in the latest issue of the journal Ojs earlier this month, researchers at the Saint Luc University performed a virtual autopsy on the Egyptian mummy using a three-dimensional (3D) high-resolution computed tomography (CT) scan. The taken images were later examined by a multidisciplinary team composed of radiologists, archaeologists, and oral and maxillofacial surgeons.

The researchers confirmed the mummy belonged to a man. They found the heart, aorta, and kidneys inside the mummy's body. Brain excerebration was performed, and artificial eyes were added above the stuffing of eye globes.

The teeth decay was more obvious in the upper maxilla, where the researchers discovered several anomalies including a rectangular hole on the palatine side of tooth n°26. The palatine root of tooth n°26 was missing.

Based on these findings, the researchers believe that this study provides the first evidence of a tooth removal site, and of oral surgery procedures previously conducted in old Egyptian embalmed mummy.



Officials Search for Bear that Killed a Mother, Daughter in British Columbia

This photograph taken on October 31, 2026 shows a bear walking at Dachigam National Park in Srinagar. (Photo by TAUSEEF MUSTAFA / AFP)
This photograph taken on October 31, 2026 shows a bear walking at Dachigam National Park in Srinagar. (Photo by TAUSEEF MUSTAFA / AFP)
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Officials Search for Bear that Killed a Mother, Daughter in British Columbia

This photograph taken on October 31, 2026 shows a bear walking at Dachigam National Park in Srinagar. (Photo by TAUSEEF MUSTAFA / AFP)
This photograph taken on October 31, 2026 shows a bear walking at Dachigam National Park in Srinagar. (Photo by TAUSEEF MUSTAFA / AFP)

Selah Reed's family first knew something was wrong when the 20-year-old missed a routine Saturday night call with her sister.

When no one had heard from Reed or her mother, Jenny Balcarras, by the next morning, they asked the Royal Canadian Mounted Police to check on their home in Bella Coola on British Columbia's central coast. Balcarras' car was gone and the doors were locked. They found the car at a trailhead up the road, but Balcarras and Reed were nowhere to be found.

Family members across Canada and the US started mobilizing. Jenny Balcarras' brother, Matt, headed north from Vancouver Island, and his brother left from Calgary. They met and drove through the night but got a call late Monday that their sister had been killed, likely by a grizzly.

When they arrived at the trailhead Tuesday morning, ready to join the search for Reed, her remains had also been found. The search was now a tragic recovery effort.

The killings of Jenny Balcarras, 48, and her daughter happened only 3 to 4 kilometers (1.8 to 2.4 miles) from where a grizzly attacked a group of schoolchildren and teachers last year as they walked on a trail. Eleven were injured, two of them critically, in the Nov. 20, 2025, attack.

Jeff Tyre, an inspector with the Conservation Officer Service, said that aggressive bear was never captured, but officials were able to collect its DNA. Officials have set new traps in the hopes of catching the bear involved in last weekend’s attack and to learn whether it was the same bear from a year ago. They also are not sure whether more than one bear was involved.

Terry Webber, chief administrative officer for the Nuxalk Nation, said the killings were triggering for the families who were traumatized by last year’s attack.

“Our community is still healing,” he said, adding that they’ve imposed a curfew and are providing mental health services for the community. “Our priority is to ensure they’re safe and ensure our community is supported.”

The delay in finding the remains of the two women was complicated by difficult terrain, even though it was close to the trailhead, and the grizzly bear's behavior.

Searchers found Jenny Balcarras first, then her daughter. The search was helped by more resources and a cadaver dog, Matt Balcarras said.

Searchers found his niece's remains in a bear cache — a place where bears stash food, sometimes by digging a small hole and covering it with branches and vegetation to keep other animals and birds away.

“Even though it was within 100 or so meters (330 feet), locating remains in a cache is difficult,” The Associated Press quoted him as saying.

By the time officials located his niece, she could only be identified by her clothing, he said. His sister was in a similar condition, but they knew who she was thanks to several tiny tattoos, he said.

“There's no obvious body to identify,” he said. “The coroner’s investigation will include DNA and dental work. But there is no doubt that the remains that were found are theirs.”

Grizzly bears are common in the area surrounding the Bella Coola community, officials said.

Conservation officials maintain a hotline where people can report problem bears, but no calls had been received recently, Tyre said during a media briefing.

Balcarras, an art therapist, had moved to Bella Coola during the summer. She had previously lived in Alaska, where her children were born, and was “the central organizing person in our family,” Matt Balcarras said.

“In classic, strong single-mother style, she scraped together a career and a life for herself and her kids,” Balcarras said. She was small in stature but strong in character and physical abilities, he said.

She was comfortable living among the wildlife, he said.

“She lived in the Bush when her kids were babies,” he said. “She and my niece were not naive or foolish or uninformed. They’ve lived in these areas and have been around animals of countless types for years and years and decades.”


2026 ‘Most Likely’ to Be Second-Hottest Year on Record, Says EU Monitor

Vehicles drive over the Woodhead reservoir amid a drought near Manchester, England, Aug. 13, 2026. (AP)
Vehicles drive over the Woodhead reservoir amid a drought near Manchester, England, Aug. 13, 2026. (AP)
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2026 ‘Most Likely’ to Be Second-Hottest Year on Record, Says EU Monitor

Vehicles drive over the Woodhead reservoir amid a drought near Manchester, England, Aug. 13, 2026. (AP)
Vehicles drive over the Woodhead reservoir amid a drought near Manchester, England, Aug. 13, 2026. (AP)

The world is on track for 2026 to be the second-hottest year on record as an exceptionally strong El Nino weather pattern turbocharges human-driven global warming, the EU's climate monitor said Friday.

This year still has a "20 percent chance of tying or exceeding" 2024 as the warmest ever seen, the Copernicus Climate Change Service said in a monthly bulletin.

Global temperatures are now "virtually certain" to exceed 1.5C above pre-industrial levels in 2026, Copernicus said.

The four-year average from 2023 to 2026 is also expected to top 1.5C, the preferred limit set in the Paris Agreement to avert the worst impacts of climate change.

The world experienced its warmest October on record, with average global surface air temperatures 1.75C above pre-industrial times, an era defined as 1850-1900, Copernicus added.

It was the third straight month exceeding 1.5C.

"October has continued the pattern of remarkable global warmth, with record global and surface ocean temperatures," said Samantha Burgess, strategic lead for climate at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), which operates Copernicus.

"An exceptionally strong El Nino is adding further heat to a climate already warmed by human activities," she said.

The latest bulletin comes as nations prepare to meet on Monday for the UN's two-week COP31 climate summit in Türkiye after a year marked by deadly floods in Nepal, searing heatwaves in Europe and major wildfires in Indonesia.

- El Nino has yet to peak -

Global forecasters have been warning for months that this El Nino, which is expected to peak later this year, would likely become the strongest ever observed.

The intensifying weather phenomenon set an all-time temperature record in a key Pacific zone last month, Copernicus said.

The warming phase of a natural climate cycle, El Nino temporarily raises sea temperatures in the tropical Pacific, triggering changes in weather that can increase the risk of drought and flooding, and exacerbate man-made global warming.

Forecasters say El Nino could help make 2027 the hottest year on record.

Nations agreed at the 2015 UN climate talks in Paris to keep global warming "well below" 2C above pre-industrial levels, while pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5C.

But the United Nations declared in September that the long-term 1.5C target would be missed in a matter of years.

Scientists say it is crucial to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels to limit the period of "overshoot" above 1.5C and bring temperatures back down as quickly as possible.


China’s Marriage Rate in Third Quarter Tumbles to 18-Year Low

Women take a selfie with a cat statue displayed near autumn-colored ginkgo trees as visitors tour Zhongshan Park in Beijing, Wednesday, Nov. 4, 2026. (AP)
Women take a selfie with a cat statue displayed near autumn-colored ginkgo trees as visitors tour Zhongshan Park in Beijing, Wednesday, Nov. 4, 2026. (AP)
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China’s Marriage Rate in Third Quarter Tumbles to 18-Year Low

Women take a selfie with a cat statue displayed near autumn-colored ginkgo trees as visitors tour Zhongshan Park in Beijing, Wednesday, Nov. 4, 2026. (AP)
Women take a selfie with a cat statue displayed near autumn-colored ginkgo trees as visitors tour Zhongshan Park in Beijing, Wednesday, Nov. 4, 2026. (AP)

China's ‌marriage rate for the first nine months of this year plummeted to its lowest level in 18 years, fueling concerns about declining births and demographic strain.

A total of 4.65 million couples got married from January to end September, while 2.08 million couples divorced, according to ‌data from ‌the Ministry of Civil Affairs ‌published ⁠this week.

The ⁠number was the lowest in 18 years, local news outlet Yicai reported on Friday.

Chinese authorities have rolled out a range of measures in recent years to encourage marriage and childbearing, including family subsidies, ⁠childcare support, and reduced childbirth-related medical ‌costs.

They have ‌also pledged to integrate youth development into urban ‌planning, housing, healthcare, education and public services, ‌in a broader push to make urban life more supportive for young people, children and families.

Despite these efforts, China is now ‌supporting more elderly people than children, with the old-age dependency ratio surpassing that ⁠of ⁠children.

China's population fell for a fourth consecutive year in 2025, as its birth rate dropped to a record low, prompting demographers to warn of further declines.

The number of women in China of reproductive age, defined by the United Nations as 15-49, is set to drop by more than two-thirds to under 100 million by the end of the century.