Two Centuries after Death…Napoleon's Life Remains Interesting Material for Thousands of Books

A visitor looks at "Napoleon I on his deathbed, one before to be buried" painting of Jean Baptiste Mauzaisse during a press visit of the exhibition "Napoleon in St Helena" in Paris, France, Tuesday, April 5, 2016. (AP/Francois Mori)
A visitor looks at "Napoleon I on his deathbed, one before to be buried" painting of Jean Baptiste Mauzaisse during a press visit of the exhibition "Napoleon in St Helena" in Paris, France, Tuesday, April 5, 2016. (AP/Francois Mori)
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Two Centuries after Death…Napoleon's Life Remains Interesting Material for Thousands of Books

A visitor looks at "Napoleon I on his deathbed, one before to be buried" painting of Jean Baptiste Mauzaisse during a press visit of the exhibition "Napoleon in St Helena" in Paris, France, Tuesday, April 5, 2016. (AP/Francois Mori)
A visitor looks at "Napoleon I on his deathbed, one before to be buried" painting of Jean Baptiste Mauzaisse during a press visit of the exhibition "Napoleon in St Helena" in Paris, France, Tuesday, April 5, 2016. (AP/Francois Mori)

Although two centuries passed after his death, Napoleon Bonaparte still has a decent position, and his personal, political, and military life still represent a rich material for novels, movies, and biographies.

In an interview with AFP, Natalie Petiteau, a history professor at the University of Avignon, said Napoleon's personality "will always be inspiring because he had an exceptional individual fate that expresses all aspects of revolution."

The professor noted that the biographers who wrote about "the great romantic hero who died 200 years ago," drew a portrait of Napoleon that changes according to the dominant political currents.

In 2014, Historian Jean Tulard estimated that about 80,000 works had been written about Napoleon. This unverified number indicates that an average of over one book was issued every day about Bonaparte since his birth in Ajaccio, Corsica.

Tulard himself wrote many books about Napoleon. The most recent, "Marengo or the Strange Victory of Bonaparte," was published in March 2020. It revolves around a decisive battle that took place in 1800. It paved the way for two other books that were issued at the same time: "Napoleon and God" by Philippe Bornet, and "The Grand Atlas and Napoleon," published by Glénat and Atlas publishing houses respectively.

Search in the lists of the French national library showed that 18,000 books have the name "Napoleon" in their titles, including works related to his nephew, Napoleon III.

The emperor's modest roots, courage, geniality, kindness to people, and his protection of France's glory facing the obsolete monarchies, all are myths that Bonaparte intelligently maintained throughout his political and military life, and still exist until today.

However, Éric Anceau, who recently released a biography entitled "Napoleon (1769-1821)," believes that writing about Bonaparte is renewable, noting that "there are always new things to discover."

He said "this bicentenary is an opportunity to focus on the many times the emperor escaped death, his exile on the St. Helena Island, his death, and his memory."

Anceau, a professor at the Sorbonne University, recommended two new books about the emperor: "Napoleon in St. Helena" (the island located in South Atlantic Ocean, where he died on May 5, 1821) by Pierre Branda (released in January); and "Napoleon: The Last Witness Narrates" by David Chanteranne (released in March).

Petiteau explained that "Napoleon's sophisticated personality leads people to draw a contrasting picture of him. For this reason, there will always be some who hate him

and others who glorify him. Objective historians have always found it challenging to explain their point of view defying popular historians."

For instance, "Bonaparte (1976) and Napoleon (1968)," a two-volume book by famous writer André Castelot, is a best seller. The Napoleon Foundation recommends parents encourage their children to read it if they want to know the history of the emperor.

Young readers may prefer to read "I am Napoleon," a novel by Vincent Mottez and Bruno Wennagel. The accuracy of this work, in which the emperor himself speaks, was sealed with an introduction written by Thierry Lentz, director of the foundation, which also issued the 1000-page Historical Dictionary of the Napoleonic Era, in September.

Casterman recently republished all the volumes of a comic collection depicting Napoleon by Davoz, Jacques Martin and Jean Torton.

For those who see Napoleon as a tyrant, Swiss Historian Henri Guillemin's books have been revived on YouTube in recent years. They have always been considered a great reference, but their re-editing stopped years ago.

In April, the H&O Editions republished a sarcastic biography about the emperor entitled "Adventures of Napoleon" by the late sarcastic writer Francois Cavanna. It was first published in 1988.

For those who want to stay away from the controversy of Napoleon, and the pain of politics and war, they can take a look at the letters exchanged between Bonaparte and Joséphine de Beauharnais, to read "some of the most beautiful pages of love literary," according to its publisher, Le Passeur House.



Van Gogh Work Unseen in Public for 60 Years on Show in Hong Kong

Staff members pose with Vincent van Gogh's "Chataigniers en fleurs" (Chestnut Trees in Blossom) at a media preview ahead of its auction in New York, at Sotheby's in Hong Kong, China, October 13, 2026. REUTERS/Joyce Zhou
Staff members pose with Vincent van Gogh's "Chataigniers en fleurs" (Chestnut Trees in Blossom) at a media preview ahead of its auction in New York, at Sotheby's in Hong Kong, China, October 13, 2026. REUTERS/Joyce Zhou
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Van Gogh Work Unseen in Public for 60 Years on Show in Hong Kong

Staff members pose with Vincent van Gogh's "Chataigniers en fleurs" (Chestnut Trees in Blossom) at a media preview ahead of its auction in New York, at Sotheby's in Hong Kong, China, October 13, 2026. REUTERS/Joyce Zhou
Staff members pose with Vincent van Gogh's "Chataigniers en fleurs" (Chestnut Trees in Blossom) at a media preview ahead of its auction in New York, at Sotheby's in Hong Kong, China, October 13, 2026. REUTERS/Joyce Zhou

Hundreds of people queued on Tuesday outside a Hong Kong gallery to see a Vincent van Gogh painting on public display for the first time in six decades.

The Dutch artist's "Chataigniers en fleurs" ("Chestnut Trees in Blossom") was on show in Hong Kong ahead of its November 18 auction in New York, where it is expected to smash records and fetch around $180 million, according to Sotheby's.

It was one of 12 works owned by late Argentine collectors Nelly Arrieta de Blaquier and Carlos Pedro Blaquier. Others by Claude Monet, Camille Pissarro and Paul Cezanne will also go under the hammer.

The van Gogh, which according to Sotheby's was unseen by the public for over 60 years, portrays a blossoming chestnut tree with a solitary man walking past three women in Japanese attire.

Completed in 1890, it is from the last two months of van Gogh's life.

"It's one of the last, most expressive and hopeful works by van Gogh in this final phase of his career," Scott Niichel, a vice chairman at Sotheby's, told AFP.

It is one of approximately 70 works van Gogh created after leaving the psychiatric asylum of Saint-Remy, where he had created his famous "The Starry Night.”

During these final days of his life, van Gogh was producing at a frantic rate -- averaging around one work a day.

He died shortly after at the age of 37, two days after shooting himself in the chest following well-documented mental health struggles.

"This manic frenzy of paint application suggests he has so much more to give, and he's just racing to put it to canvas," Niichel said, noting the thickness of the paint layers.

"Orchard with Cypresses" set the current record for a van Gogh price point, selling for $117.2 million in a 2022 auction.

Niichel said that "anything is possible" for who might claim the painting in November.

"Our revealing in Hong Kong suggests that Asia is certainly a possibility."


Egypt’s Fayoum Mummy Portraits to Travel Abroad for 1st Time after Restoration

Fayoum portraits, "Tondo of the Two Brothers", Egyptian icons from the Greco-Roman period the 1st century BC, are displayed at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, Egypt, Sunday, Oct. 11, 2026, after being restored. (AP Photo/Amr Nabil)
Fayoum portraits, "Tondo of the Two Brothers", Egyptian icons from the Greco-Roman period the 1st century BC, are displayed at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, Egypt, Sunday, Oct. 11, 2026, after being restored. (AP Photo/Amr Nabil)
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Egypt’s Fayoum Mummy Portraits to Travel Abroad for 1st Time after Restoration

Fayoum portraits, "Tondo of the Two Brothers", Egyptian icons from the Greco-Roman period the 1st century BC, are displayed at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, Egypt, Sunday, Oct. 11, 2026, after being restored. (AP Photo/Amr Nabil)
Fayoum portraits, "Tondo of the Two Brothers", Egyptian icons from the Greco-Roman period the 1st century BC, are displayed at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, Egypt, Sunday, Oct. 11, 2026, after being restored. (AP Photo/Amr Nabil)

Egypt unveiled Sunday a restored version of the “Tondo of the Two Brothers,” a prized 2nd-century painting from the famed Fayoum portraits.

Specialists from Rome worked alongside conservators from the Egyptian Museum in Tahrir — where the collection is usually kept — for three weeks to restore the artwork, officials said at a press conference.

A visitor films one of Fayoum portraits, "Demos", from the Greco-Roman period the 1st century BC, at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, Egypt, Sunday, Oct. 11, 2026, after being restored. (AP Photo/Amr Nabil)

Fayoum mummy portraits were painted primarily on thin wooden panels and placed over the faces of the deceased within mummy wrappings, combining Egyptian funerary traditions with artistic influences from the wider Greco-Roman world.

Egypt will lend a major part of the collection to a temporary exhibition in Rome, marking the first time it will travel abroad.

“The restoration of the Tondo of the Two Brothers is an important example of what can be achieved through international cooperation in the preservation and study of cultural heritage,” said Sherif Fathy, Egypt’s minister of tourism and antiquities. “Egypt and Italy share deep historical and cultural ties, and this project brings together Egyptian and Italian expertise to preserve an exceptional work of art for future generations.”

Experts describe the painting as unusual because of its circular shape and its depiction of two people instead of one, and rank it among the most vivid surviving portraits from Roman-era Egypt. It was painted using a technique in which pigments are mixed with molten wax, and restorers were able to recover the features of the brother on the right.

Aly Abdel Halim, director general of the Egyptian Museum in Tahrir, said the conservation required careful intervention because both the wooden support, damaged by termites, and the painted surface were fragile.

Fayoum portraits, "Tondo of the Two Brothers", Egyptian icons from the Greco-Roman period the 1st century BC, are displayed at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, Egypt, Sunday, Oct. 11, 2026, after being restored. (AP Photo/Amr Nabil)

The portraits will be featured in an exhibition in Rome from November to May 2027, The Associated Press reported.

Tomaso Radaelli, chairman of MondoMostre, the exhibition’s organizer, said it will bring together more than 110 objects, including painted panels, funerary shrouds, masks, marble portraits, plaster casts and ancient jewelry.


Mayor: Two Renoir Paintings Stolen in France Recovered

FILE PHOTO: A sign indicates the entrance of the Renoir Museum in Cagnes-sur-Mer, on the French Riviera, France, September 8, 2026. REUTERS/Manon Cruz/File Photo
FILE PHOTO: A sign indicates the entrance of the Renoir Museum in Cagnes-sur-Mer, on the French Riviera, France, September 8, 2026. REUTERS/Manon Cruz/File Photo
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Mayor: Two Renoir Paintings Stolen in France Recovered

FILE PHOTO: A sign indicates the entrance of the Renoir Museum in Cagnes-sur-Mer, on the French Riviera, France, September 8, 2026. REUTERS/Manon Cruz/File Photo
FILE PHOTO: A sign indicates the entrance of the Renoir Museum in Cagnes-sur-Mer, on the French Riviera, France, September 8, 2026. REUTERS/Manon Cruz/File Photo

Two paintings by French master Pierre-Auguste Renoir have been recovered a month after they were stolen from a museum in southern France, the town's mayor said Friday.

In September, thieves broke into the museum in Cagnes-sur-Mer and managed to escape with two works by the French impressionist painter, abandoning two others as they fled.

"These two paintings are not simply works of art. They are part of our city's history," said Bryan Masson, the mayor of Cagnes-sur-Mer.

"Knowing they have been recovered is an immense relief."

There has not yet been any statement from the police and Masson did not give any details regarding where the works were found or their condition.

The suspects cut through a fence to enter the museum's tree-lined grounds, smashed a window to get inside, and used an electric saw to cut through the frame mountings, Masson said at the time of the robbery in early September.

The theft took place in just a matter of minutes, shortly before 6:00 am (0400 GMT).
A source close to the probe told AFP earlier this week that police had arrested five people as part of the investigation.

According to Masson the museum alarm and police sirens forced the burglars -- which he described as "well equipped and well informed" about the museum -- to hurry.

They made off with a portrait titled "Madame Colonna Romano" and the depiction of a woman at a well called "Jeune femme au puits", his office said.

The paintings dropped during their escape include "Madame Pichon" and "Coco lisant", a portrait of Renoir's young son Claude reading.

The police said at the time of the robbery that it was clear that they were not first-time offenders, and that they had scoped out the premises before the crime.

The Renoir Museum lies a half-hour drive from the southern city of Nice, in Renoir's last home before he died aged 78 in 1919.

Its collection comprises nine paintings by Renoir, according to the museum.

It also includes several sculptures by him, as well as objects and furniture that belonged to the painter, such as his easel and wheelchair.

A spate of heists at French museums -- including at the Louvre -- has highlighted inadequate security in some cases and led to questions about whether criminal gangs see them as soft targets.

Crown jewelry valued at around $100 million was stolen in broad daylight from the Louvre in Paris last year.

The four suspected Louvre robbers have been arrested, but the jewels they are accused of grabbing in the seven-minute heist have still not been found.

Italian police in August said they had recovered paintings by Renoir, Cezanne and Matisse worth over $10.4 million that were stolen in a three-minute heist from a museum in March.
And earlier this week, a book featuring a cover made of bronze and designed by Spanish surrealist painter Salvador Dali was stolen from an art museum in central France.