Active Saudi Participation in Completing Riyadh’s Map of Global Recoveryhttps://english.aawsat.com/home/article/3275266/active-saudi-participation-completing-riyadh%E2%80%99s-map-global-recovery
Active Saudi Participation in Completing Riyadh’s Map of Global Recovery
Saudi Minister of Commerce participates in the work of the G20 Innovation Summit on Oct. 10. (EPA)
The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Salman bin Abdulaziz, will head the Kingdom’s delegation to the G20 Summit, which will be held on Oct. 30-31 in Rome.
In a statement earlier this week, the Saudi Royal Court said that the Saudi delegation will attend the summit via video conference, as is the case of a number of leaders of the G20, such as Russia, China, Japan and Mexico, due to conditions imposed by the Covid-19 pandemic.
The statement noted that the Kingdom expresses its appreciation for the efforts made by Italy to achieve the success of the G20 this year, through joint collective action.
Saudi Arabia’s participation in the Rome Summit comes a year after the Kingdom hosted the G20, during challenging circumstances that caused a global lockdown.
According to the Saudi Minister of Commerce, Dr. Majid Al-Qasabi, the G20 Leaders Summit, held in Italy, focuses on completing the successes and the road map set by the Kingdom at the Riyadh Summit to restore economic growth and global recovery.
Al-Qasabi said that the ministers of trade and investment relied, in their ministerial statement during the Italian presidency of the G20, on the “Riyadh Initiative for the Future of the World Trade Organization”, which was approved by the G20 leaders last year.
The initiative is based on defining a common ground of goals and principles for the multilateral trading system and the reform of the World Trade Organization, with the aim of promoting economic recovery and reducing the repercussions of the pandemic on international trade and investment, while ensuring an open and fair trading system for all.
On the goals of the G20 Trade Ministers’ meetings, Al-Qasabi explained that they seek to enhance commerce and regulatory cooperation, improve transparency, reduce trade barriers and export restrictions, and establish consultation mechanisms between the World Trade Organization, the World Health Organization and other relevant organizations.
For his part, the head of the National Committee of Labor Committees and head of the workers’ communication group in the G20, Engineer Nasser Al-Jurid, stated discussions taking place in Italy are a follow up to decisions taken at the G20 summit held in Riyadh.
They include urgent measures to ensure access to and the equitable distribution of coronavirus vaccines and treatments, protect health and safety, and address job insecurity and low wages especially among women, immigrants and youth.
Saudi State Institutions: A Century Since the Basic Instructionshttps://english.aawsat.com/gulf/5321790-saudi-state-institutions-century-basic-instructions
An early, rare photograph of King Abdulaziz in Makkah after he left the Grand Mosque (King Abdulaziz Foundation)
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Saudi State Institutions: A Century Since the Basic Instructions
An early, rare photograph of King Abdulaziz in Makkah after he left the Grand Mosque (King Abdulaziz Foundation)
By Bandar Bin Abdulrahman Bin Moamar
Saudi Arabia was built neither on the ruins of another state nor on institutions left by a colonial power. Its founding three centuries ago was an achievement without precedent in the Arabian Peninsula.
King Abdulaziz, the founder of modern Saudi Arabia, inherited no unified state apparatus. Conditions and administrative arrangements varied across the regions. He drew on what existed, then brought those structures together and developed them as part of a growing institutional project.
After completing the annexation of the Hejaz in 1925, he laid new foundations for state institutions and administration, accelerating regional integration and strengthening national unity.
King Abdulaziz, the founder of modern Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia’s 96th National Day this year marks another anniversary: a century since the Basic Instructions were issued on Aug. 31, 1926. Dr. Abdulrahman Al-Shubaily called them “the first written constitutional document in the history of the modern Saudi state.”
The occasion also comes a decade after the launch of Saudi Vision 2030 in 2016, a decade of unprecedented achievements. Yet the institutional thinking that connects the 1920s with the 2020s has received too little study. It deserves a closer look.
A century since the first founding document
The Basic Instructions followed the pledge of allegiance to King Abdulaziz as king of the Hejaz in January 1926. They served as a first constitution, opening the phase that led to Saudi Arabia’s unification in 1932.
Across 79 articles, the document laid the legal foundations for government. It defined the powers of the king’s deputy in the Hejaz and set out the administrative structures, the Shura Council and six departments: Sharia affairs, interior, foreign affairs, finance, education and the army. Those departments became the seeds of a government system that today includes more than 20 ministries and over 300 institutions, authorities and agencies.
The document’s significance becomes clearer in its historical setting. King Abdulaziz tasked an elected committee of national figures from various fields with drafting it.
They included Abdulqader Al-Shaibi, Mohammed Sharaf Adnan, Mohammed Al-Marzouqi Abu Hussein, Saleh Shatta, Mohammed Hussein Nassif, Suleiman Qabel, Mahmoud Shalhoub, Hussein Basalama, Ali Kutbi, Mohammed Saeed Abu Al-Khair, Mohammed Majed Al-Kurdi, Abdullah Zainal, Hussein Adnan and Abdullah Al-Dahlawi.
Together, they helped draft a blueprint for a state built on institutions. It showed early political maturity in a region shaped by conquest and control.
One point is often overlooked: the Basic Instructions applied to the Kingdom of the Hejaz, even as their institutions influenced other regions. Najd and the Hejaz remained separate kingdoms under King Abdulaziz. Fuad Hamza noted that changing conditions required amendments to parts of the document while it was in force.
The instructions remained a constitution until the two kingdoms were unified. In retrospect, they were deliberately transitional: a founding document for a state still taking shape, not a fixed system. King Abdulaziz built institutions knowing that a larger, more comprehensive structure would follow.
The decades between the two documents
From 1926 to 1932, the Basic Instructions governed the work of state institutions under King Abdulaziz’s skilled leadership and close oversight. They framed the transition to a unified state. Vision 2030 also charts a transition, including the shift from a rentier economy to a diversified one and from a consuming state to a producing one.
The parallel goes beyond form. A century ago, the Basic Instructions brought the army, education, the judiciary, taxation and the Hajj under one document. Vision 2030 brings energy, technology, culture, tourism, industry and education into one national plan.
The circumstances, however, could hardly be more different. The 1926 document governed the institutions of a kingdom struggling to survive in a turbulent region. The 2016 document guides the ambitions of a state with the region’s largest economy, a seat in the Group of 20 major economies and a leading role in the Arab and Islamic worlds.
From domestic development to an international presence
Over the past century, Saudi Arabia has undergone sweeping change and development across all fields. Through complex regional and global upheaval, preserving stability while continuing to build has remained a constant concern.
Sovereignty and national unity have been non-negotiable throughout the Saudi state’s history. That resolve has come with careful calculation of the costs and consequences of confrontation.
Saudi Arabia has also shown restraint in managing conflicts: favoring diplomacy and mediation over open confrontation and avoiding unequal wars whenever possible. This practical approach has been a feature of its policy.
The distinction between enduring principles and changing circumstances helps explain the state’s institutional continuity over three centuries, despite repeated shifts in regional and international power. Studies of Saudi foreign policy trace these principles to King Abdulaziz’s reign and find a common thread in major decisions taken decades apart.
In recent years, Saudi Arabia has gradually changed how it handles regional issues, reshaping conventional views of its international role. Media and researchers have called the approach a policy of “zeroing out crises” or “zero problems.”
It has developed alongside Vision 2030, which links regional stability to economic diversification and attracting investment. Saudi Arabia has also expanded its engagement in international affairs and built strategic alliances and partnerships.
The tools and methods have changed; the underlying principles have endured. The ability to adapt while preserving those foundations remains a defining feature of Saudi policy.
Saudi political discourse stresses respect for the sovereignty of other states and noninterference in their internal affairs. King Abdulaziz sought to establish those same principles in his dealings with the British, from the Uqair talks in 1922 to the Treaty of Jeddah in 1927.
Why, then, have these principles and changes received so little institutional and academic attention?
Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud and Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Saudi Crown Prince and Prime Minister. SPA
A state whose models are sought abroad
In 1926, King Abdulaziz produced a first constitutional document for a state short of resources and modern amenities. A century later, Saudi Arabia ranks first globally in the growth of its innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem, according to StartupBlink’s 2025 report. Its approaches to economic transformation and political affairs are now studied elsewhere.
The contrast is stark. In December 1922, King Abdulaziz attended the Uqair conference to negotiate his state’s borders with the British. About a century later, Saudi Arabia won the right to host Expo 2030 with the highest share of votes in the event’s history. It was also awarded the 2034 World Cup without a rival bid. A state that once negotiated its borders with the great powers has been chosen to host two major global events.
The Basic Instructions were built to be superseded. Vision 2030, different in nature and purpose, also charts a stage to move beyond. Each document has framed what comes next while raising the level of ambition. That ambition began three centuries ago with the drive to bring divided communities together. It continues through successive achievements and the surpassing of targets.
The distinction between the documents matters. The Basic Instructions managed an institutional transition through legal rules for government and administration. Vision 2030 guides an institutional transformation through a national strategic framework. Their legal character is different. What connects them is their use of a comprehensive framework to manage change.
Saudi Arabia’s successive achievements keep opening new chapters in its history. They deserve sustained study and documentation — from researchers and historians, but also from public policy centers, universities and institutions that still treat the present as a given rather than a subject for serious inquiry.
Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Directs Naming Mosque North of Riyadh After King Abdulazizhttps://english.aawsat.com/gulf/5321766-custodian-two-holy-mosques-directs-naming-mosque-north-riyadh-after-king-abdulaziz
Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Directs Naming Mosque North of Riyadh After King Abdulaziz
Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud. SPA
Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud has directed, based on a proposal presented by Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Saudi Crown Prince and Prime Minister, that a mosque to be built north of Riyadh be named after King Abdulaziz.
The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques also directed that an 88,000-square-meter plot of land along King Abdulaziz Road be allocated for the mosque's construction.
Naming the mosque after the late King Abdulaziz bin Abdulrahman Al Saud honors his national legacy and historic achievement in unifying the Kingdom, as well as his dedication to building mosques across Saudi Arabia.
Saudi FM Joins Regional Meeting with US President on Sidelines of UN General Assemblyhttps://english.aawsat.com/gulf/5321596-saudi-fm-joins-regional-meeting-us-president-sidelines-un-general-assembly
Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Faisal bin Farhan bin Abdullah participated on Tuesday in a multilateral meeting in New York convened by US President Donald Trump
Saudi FM Joins Regional Meeting with US President on Sidelines of UN General Assembly
Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Faisal bin Farhan bin Abdullah participated on Tuesday in a multilateral meeting in New York convened by US President Donald Trump
Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Faisal bin Farhan bin Abdullah participated on Tuesday in a multilateral meeting in New York convened by US President Donald Trump, the Saudi Press Agency said.
The meeting, held on the sidelines of the High-level Week of the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly, was attended by heads of delegations from the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria and Türkiye.
During the meeting, the participants discussed the latest developments in the Middle East, with a focus on the regional escalation and its implications for the region's security and stability, as well as challenges related to the security and freedom of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab al-Mandab Strait.
The participants also reviewed efforts to contain tensions and prevent the conflict from expanding across the region, as well as ways to strengthen political and diplomatic efforts to address ongoing crises.
The meeting was attended by Saudi Ambassador to the United States of America Princess Reema bint Bandar bin Sultan bin Abdulaziz, Director General of the General Administration for Policy Planning Prince Dr. Abdullah bin Khalid bin Saud, and Adviser and Special Envoy to the Foreign Minister for Negotiations and Peace Efforts Dr. Manal Radwan.
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